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Fan B, Chen S, Zhu C, Zhu F, Huang D, Si D, Zhou B, Zhou D, He F, Gao S. Key role of hydrogen atoms in the preparation of sulfidated zero valent iron. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121573. [PMID: 38608618 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero valent iron (ZVI) is a popular material for the reductive degradation of halogenated organic pollutants. Simple and economic synthesis of this material is highly demanded. In this study, sulfidated micro/nanostructured ZVI (MNZVI) particles were prepared by simply heating MNZVI particles and sulfur elements (S0) in pure water (50℃). The iron oxides on the surface of MNZVI particles were conducive to sulfidation reaction, indicating the formation of iron-sulphide minerals (FeSx) on the surface of MNZVI particles might not be from the direct reaction of Fe0 with S0 (Fe0 and S0 acted as reductant and oxidant, respectively). As an important reductant, hydrogen atom (H•) can be generated from the reduction of H+ by MNZVI particles and participate in the formation of FeSx. Quenching experiment and cyclic voltammetry analysis proved the existence of H• on the surface of MNZVI particles. DFT calculation found that the potential barrier of H•/S0 and Fe0/S0 were 1.91 and 7.24 eV, respectively, indicating that S0 would preferentially react with H• instead of Fe0. The formed H• can quickly react with S0 to generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can further react with iron oxides such as α-Fe2O3 on the surface of MNZVI particles to form FeSx. In addition, the H2 partial pressure in water significantly affected the amount of H• generated, thereby affecting the sulfidation efficiency. For TCE degradation, as the sulfur loading of sulfidated MNZVI particles increased, the contribution of H• significantly decreased while the contribution of direct electron transfer increased. This study provided new insights into the synthesis mechanism of sulfidated ZVI in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Danyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dunfeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bingnan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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2
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Zhao X, Xie S, Wang D, Niu H, Yang H, Yang L, Bai L, Wei D, Chen H. In Situ Generation of H 2O 2 over MoO x Decorated on Cu 2O@CuO Core-Shell Particle Nanoarchitectonics for Boosting Photocatalytic Oxidative Desulfurization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5957-5964. [PMID: 38285625 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation desulfurization (PODS) has emerged as a promising, ecofriendly alternative to traditional, energy-intensive fuel desulfurization methods. Nevertheless, its progress is still hindered due to the slow sulfide oxidation kinetics in the current catalytic systems. Herein, we present a MoOx decorated on a Cu2O@CuO core-shell catalyst, which enables a new, efficient PODS pathway by in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with saturated moist air as the oxidant source. The photocatalyst delivers remarkable specific activity in oxidizing dibenzothiophene (DBT), achieving a superior rate of 7.8 mmol g-1 h-1, while maintaining a consistent performance across consecutive reuses. Experimental investigations reveal that H2O2 is produced through the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and both H2O2 and the hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated from it act as the primary reactive species responsible for sulfide oxidation. Importantly, our catalyst accomplishes complete PODS of real diesel fuel, underscoring an appealing industrial prospect for our photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Suting Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Hao Niu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Liangjiu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Donglei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Hou Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
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3
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Ahmed SS, Amiri O, Rahman KM, Ismael SJ, Rasul NS, Mohammad D, Babakr KA, Abdulrahman NA. Studying the mechanism and kinetics of fuel desulfurization using CexOy/NiOx piezo-catalysts as a new low-temperature method. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7574. [PMID: 37165009 PMCID: PMC10172175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to advance desulfurization technology, a new method for excellent oxidative desulfurization of fuel at room temperature will be of paramount importance. As a novel desulfurization method, we developed piezo-catalysts that do not require adding any oxidants and can be performed at room temperature. A microwave method was used to prepare CeO2/Ce2O3/NiOx nanocomposites. Model and real fuel desulfurization rates were examined as a function of synthesis parameters, such as microwave power and time, and operation conditions, such as pH and ultrasonic power. The results showed that CeO2/Ce2O3/NiOx nanocomposites demonstrated outstanding piezo-desulfurization at room temperature for both model and real fuels. Furthermore, CeO2/Ce2O3/NiOx nanocomposites exhibited remarkable reusability, maintaining 79% of their piezo-catalytic activity even after 17 repetitions for desulfurization of real fuel. An investigation of the mechanism of sulfur oxidation revealed that superoxide radicals and holes played a major role. Additionally, the kinetic study revealed that sulfur removal by piezo-catalyst follows a second-order reaction kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangar S Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Omid Amiri
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149, Iran.
| | - Karwan M Rahman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Savana J Ismael
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Noor S Rasul
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Darya Mohammad
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Karukh A Babakr
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nabaz A Abdulrahman
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
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4
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Esmaili H, Ali Hosseini S. LaMn
x
Co
1‐x
O
3
(x=0, 0.25) Perovskites: Novel Nano Catalysts for Removal of Thiophene compounds in Fuels by Catalytic and Ultrasound‐assisted Oxidative Desulfurization. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Esmaili
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Urmia University Urmia. 5756151818 IRAN
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Urmia University Urmia. 5756151818 IRAN
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5
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Haruna A, Merican ZMA, Musa SG. Remarkable stability and catalytic performance of PW11M@MOF-808 (M=Mn and Cu) nanocomposites for oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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6
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Saeed M, Firdous A, Zaman MS, Izhar F, Riaz M, Haider S, Majeed M, Tariq S. MOFs
for desulfurization of fuel oil: Recent advances and future insights. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Aswa Firdous
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleh Zaman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) Lahore Pakistan
| | - Fatima Izhar
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Mubeshar Riaz
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sabah Haider
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muzamil Majeed
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shahzaib Tariq
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) Lahore Pakistan
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7
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Wang C, Fang X, Zhao F, Deng Y, Zhu X, Deng Y, Chai X. Effective removal of hydrogen sulfide from landfill gases using a modified iron pentacarbonyl desulfurization agent and the desulfurization mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156160. [PMID: 35609692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency desulfurization is key to the recovery and use of landfill gases. In this study, a nano‑iron oxide desulfurization agent modified from iron pentacarbonyl was prepared in n-decane (DE) and hexadecane (HE) by ultrasonic disruption without any supporting materials and its hydrogen sulfide removal ability and desulfurization mechanism were studied. The yield of the desulfurization agent was higher when HE was used as the solvent; however, the products generated by both solvents had the same crystal type and similar properties. The efficiency of the desulfurization agent was significantly improved at 150-200 °C, exceeding 90% at 150 °C with single sulfur production. The maximum sulfur adsorption capacity of the desulfurization agent produced after 3 h of DE ultrasonic treatment at 200 °C (DE3) was 492 mg/g (desulfurization efficiency = 97.33%), while that of the agent produced after 3 h of HE ultrasonic treatment at 250 °C (HE3) was 522 mg/g (desulfurization efficiency = 99.30%). The desulfurization reaction involved both chemical adsorption and catalytic decomposition and the catalytic decomposition reaction rate was lower than that of chemical adsorption. Therefore, the more FexSy produced in the chemical adsorption process, the better catalytic performance was.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin Fang
- School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Fengbin Zhao
- College of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yajun Deng
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Corporation, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xinglong Zhu
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Corporation, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yuchen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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8
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Efficient oxidative-adsorptive desulfurization over highly dispersed molybdenum oxide supported on hierarchically mesoporous silica. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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One-step oxidative-adsorptive desulfurization of DBT on simulated solar light-driven nano photocatalyst of MoS2-C3N4-BiOBr @MCM-41. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Akopyan AV, Mnatsakanyan RA, Eseva EA, Davtyan DA, Polikarpova PD, Lukashov MO, Levin IS, Cherednichenko KA, Anisimov AV, Terzyan AM, Agoyan AM, Karakhanov EA. New Type of Catalyst for Efficient Aerobic Oxidative Desulfurization Based On Tungsten Carbide Synthesized by the Microwave Method. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11788-11798. [PMID: 35449937 PMCID: PMC9016829 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a new type of high-performance catalyst for aerobic oxidation of organosulfur compounds based on tungsten carbide. The synthesis of tungsten carbide was performed via microwave irradiation of the precursors, which makes it possible to obtain a catalyst in just 15 min. The synthesized catalyst was investigated by a variety of physicochemical methods: X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption. It was shown that active centers containing tungsten in the transition oxidation state (+4) play a key role in the activation of oxygen. The main factors influencing the conversion of dibenzothiophene (DBT) were investigated. It should be noted that 100% conversion of DBT can be achieved under relatively mild conditions: 120 °C, 3 h, 6 bar, and 0.5% wt catalyst. The catalyst retained its activity for at least six oxidation/regeneration cycles. The simplicity and speed of synthesis of the proposed catalyst in combination with its high activity and stability open broad prospects for its further use both for oxidative desulfurization and for other reactions of aerobic oxidation of organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argam V. Akopyan
- Chemistry
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Raman A. Mnatsakanyan
- A.
B. Nalbandyan Institute of Chemical Physics National Academy of Sciences
of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Ekaterina A. Eseva
- Chemistry
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - David A. Davtyan
- A.
B. Nalbandyan Institute of Chemical Physics National Academy of Sciences
of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Polina D. Polikarpova
- Chemistry
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Maxim O. Lukashov
- Chemistry
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Levin
- A.
V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill A. Cherednichenko
- Department
of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin
University, Leninskiy
prospect, 65-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Anisimov
- Chemistry
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Anna M. Terzyan
- A.
B. Nalbandyan Institute of Chemical Physics National Academy of Sciences
of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Artur M. Agoyan
- A.
B. Nalbandyan Institute of Chemical Physics National Academy of Sciences
of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Eduard A. Karakhanov
- Chemistry
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, Moscow 119234, Russia
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11
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Martínez-Cornejo V, López-Luna M, Cedeño-Caero L. Promoting Effect of P in MoV Oxide-based Catalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene Compounds. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Green and efficient oxidative desulfurization of refractory S-compounds from liquid fuels catalyzed by chromium-based MIL-101 stabilized MoOx catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Guo Y, Liu X, Hu B. Synthesis of modified amphiphilic quaternary ammonium silicotungstate and its application in heterogeneous catalytic oxidative desulfurization. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium silicotungstate for oxidative desulfurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Guo
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Bing Hu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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14
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Matus Е, Yashnik S, Salnikov A, Khitsova L, Popova A, Nikitin A, Sozinov S, Ismagilov Z. Genesis and Properties of MOx/CNTs (M = Ce, Cu, Mo) Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidative Desulfurization of a Model Diesel Fuel. EURASIAN CHEMICO-TECHNOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.18321/ectj1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic oxidative desulfurization of a model diesel fuel over MOx/CNTs catalysts (M = Ce, Cu, Mo) was studied to develop innovative technology for cleaning motor fuels to EURO-5 standard. It was shown that the thermal stability of catalysts improves in the following order of metal Сu < Сe < Мо. The disordering of the carbon matrix of support increases in the next row of M: Mo < Ce < Cu, which is accompanied by an increase in the specific surface area of the samples (40 → 105 m2/g). The forms of stabilization of the active component (CeO2, CuO/Cu2O/ Cu, or MoO3/MoO2) were revealed, indicating a partial reduction of the metal cations during the thermal decomposition of copper and molybdenum precursor compounds deposited on CNTs. In oxidative desulfurization of a model diesel fuel over MOx/CNTs catalysts at 150 °C the total conversion of dibenzothiophene increased in the next row of M: Се < Сu < Мо. It was found that at 150 °C over the optimum MoOx/CNTs catalyst the highest dibenzothiophene conversion 95–99% is observed. It was assumed that the high activity of MoOx/CNTs is associated with both the oxidizing ability and the tendency of MoOx to chemosorption of sulfur compounds.
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15
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Lin S, Ng SF, Ong WJ. Life cycle assessment of environmental impacts associated with oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuels catalyzed by metal-free reduced graphene oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117677. [PMID: 34273765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the environmental impacts of the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process catalyzed by metal-free reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through life cycle assessment (LCA). The environmental impacts study containing the rGO production process, the ODS process, the comparison of different oxidants and solvents was developed. This study was performed by using ReCiPe 2016 V1.03 Hierarchist midpoint as well as endpoint approach and SimaPro software. For the production of 1 kg rGO, the results showed that hydrochloric acid (washing), sulfuric acid (mixing), hydrazine (reduction) and electricity were four main contributors in this process, and this process showed a significant impact on human health 14.21 Pt followed by ecosystem 0.845 Pt and resources 0.164 Pt. For the production of 1 kg desulfurized oil (400 ppm), main environmental impacts were terrestrial ecotoxicity (43.256 kg 1,4-DCB), global warming (41.058 kg CO2), human non-carcinogenic toxicity (19.570 kg 1,4-DCB) and fossil resource scarcity (13.178 kg oil), and the main contributors were electricity, diesel oil and acetonitrile. The whole ODS process also showed a greatest effect on human health. For two common oxidants hydrogen peroxide and oxygen used in ODS, hydrogen peroxide showed a greater impact than oxygen. On the other hand, for three common solvents employed in ODS, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone had a more serious impact on human health followed by acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide. As such, LCA results demonstrated the detailed environmental impacts originated from the catalytic ODS, hence elucidating systematic guidance for its future development toward practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Lin
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Faye Ng
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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