Synthesis of Methylene-Bridged Trifluoromethyl Azoles Using 5-(1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)enones

A protocol for synthesizing triazole-containing pyrazolines and pyrazoles selectively using trifluoromethylated 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)enones as starting materials, is reported. The selectivity of the reaction was controlled by the nature of the hydrazine or derivative used: free hydrazines furnished the 1,5-regiosiomer exclusively in yields up to 98%, whereas protected hydrazines provided the 1,3-regioisomer in yields up to 77%. To demonstrate the synthetic versatility of the triazole-based enone, reactions with other unsymmetrical dinucleophiles (hydroxylamine hydrochloride and S-methyl isothiourea sulfates) allowed the selective preparation of triazole-containing isoxazoline and pyrimidine rings.

4,5-Dicyano-1,2,3-Triazole-A Promising Precursor for a New Family of Energetic Compounds and Its Nitrogen-Rich Derivatives: Synthesis and Crystal Structures

The nitrogen-rich compounds and intermediates with structure of monocyclic, bicyclic, and fused rings based on 1,2,3-triazole were synthesized and prepared by using a promising precursor named 4,5-dicyano-1,2,3-triazole, which was obtained by the cyclization reaction of diaminomaleonitrile. Their structure and configurational integrity were assessed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometry (MS), and elemental analysis (EA). Additionally, fourteen compounds were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Meanwhile, the physical properties of four selected compounds (3·H₂O, 6·H₂O, 10·H₂O, and 16) including thermal stability, detonation parameters, and sensitivity were also estimated. All these compounds could be considered to construct more abundant 1,2,3-triazole-based neutral energetic molecules, salts, and complex compounds, which need to continue study in the future in the field of energetic materials.

Introduction of the acylamino group to bridged bis(nitroamino-1,2,4-triazole): a strategy for tuning the sensitivity of energetic materials

Introduction of the acylamino group into energetic material compounds will contribute to balancing the sensitivity and the energy.