1
|
Cai Q, Yu T, Li J, Zhao Y, Hou J, Xue L, Yu S, Yao C, Li YM. Cu(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Aza-Friedel-Crafts Reaction of 1-Naphthols and Electron-Rich Phenols with Isatin-Derived Ketimines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304118. [PMID: 38433408 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
New chiral ligands could be obtained by introducing proline moieties and imidazoline moieties to binaphthyl skeletons. The chiral ligands exhibited balanced rigidity and flexibility which could allow the change of the conformations during the reactions on one hand, and could provide sufficient asymmetric induction on the other. The proline moiety could act as a linker connecting the binaphthyl skeletons and the imidazoline moieties as well as a coordinating group for the central metal, and the electronic and steric properties of the imidazoline groups could be carefully fine-tuned by the use of different substituents. In the presence of Cu(II) catalyst bearing such chiral ligands, aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of 1-naphthols and electron-rich phenols with isatin-derived ketimines provided the desired products with good to excellent yields and up to 99 % ee. The reactions showed good scalability, and excellent ee could still be obtained when the reaction was carried out in gram-scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Tianxu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jiaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Leipeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brufani G, Di Erasmo B, Li CJ, Vaccaro L. Csp 2-H functionalization of phenols: an effective access route to valuable materials via Csp 2-C bond formation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3831-3871. [PMID: 38487228 PMCID: PMC10935747 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the vast majority of top-selling pharmaceutical and industrial products, phenolic structural motifs are highly prevalent. Non-functionalized simple phenols serve as building blocks in the synthesis of value-added chemicals. It is worth mentioning that lignin, being the largest renewable biomass source of aromatic building blocks in nature, mainly consists of phenolic units, which enable the production of structurally diverse phenols. Given their remarkable applicability in the chemical value chain, many efforts have been devoted to increasing the molecular complexity of the phenolic scaffold. Among the key techniques, direct functionalization of Csp2-H is a powerful tool, enabling the construction of new Csp2-C bonds in an economical and atomic manner. Herein we present and summarize the large plethora of direct Csp2-H functionalization methods that enables scaffold diversification of simple, unprotected phenols, leading to the formation of new Csp2-C bonds. In this review article, we intend to summarize the contributions that appeared in the literature mainly in the last 5 years dealing with the functionalization of unprotected phenols, both catalytic and non-catalytic. Our goal is to highlight the key findings and the ongoing challenges in the stimulating and growing research dedicated to the development of new protocols for the valorization of phenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brufani
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C., Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy https://greensoc.chm.unipg.it
| | - Benedetta Di Erasmo
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C., Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy https://greensoc.chm.unipg.it
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A0B8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A0B8 Canada
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C., Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy https://greensoc.chm.unipg.it
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biswas A. Aromatic C-H bond functionalization through organocatalyzed asymmetric intermolecular aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction: a recent update. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:956-981. [PMID: 37404800 PMCID: PMC10315893 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction allows an efficient coupling of electron-rich aromatic systems with imines for the facile incorporation of aminoalkyl groups into the aromatic ring. This reaction has a great scope of forming aza-stereocenters which can be tuned by different asymmetric catalysts. This review assembles recent advances in asymmetric aza-Friedel-Crafts reactions mediated by organocatalysts. The mechanistic interpretation with the origin of stereoselectivity is also explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Hooghly Women’s College, Vivekananda Road, Pipulpati, Hooghly - 712103, WB, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Li WS, Lu S, Tian F, Wang LX. Enantioselective Benzylation and Allylation of a Crucial Synthon of 3-Amino Oxindole Schiff Base Promoted by a Cinchonidinium Phase Transfer Catalyst to Enable the Effective Preparation of Chiral Quaternary 3-Amino Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5801-5812. [PMID: 37053546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
3-Amino oxindole Schiff base has been used as an efficient and crucial synthon for highly enantioselective benzylation and allylation with benzyl bromides and allyl bromides in the presence of a 1,3-bis[O(9)-allylcinchonidinium-N-methyl]-2-fluorobenzene dibromide phase transfer catalyst under mild reaction conditions. A broad series of chiral quaternary 3-amino oxindoles were smoothly obtained in good to excellent yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) with broad substrate generality. A typical scale-up preparation and subsequent Ullman coupling reaction were also smoothly performed, and a special and important chiral spirooxindole benzofuzed pyrrol scaffold with potential pharmaceutical and organocatalytic activities was successfully obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duan M, Chen J, Wang T, Luo S, Wang M, Fan B. Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Enantioselective Aza-Friedel-Crafts Addition of Naphthols with Isatin-Derived Ketimines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15152-15158. [PMID: 36269152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective Friedel-Crafts addition of naphthols with isatin-derived ketimines was developed with H8-BINOL-derived chiral biaryl phosphoric acid. A wide range of isatin-derived ketimines and naphthols were successfully applied and gave a series of chiral 3-amino-2-oxindoles in excellent yields with high optical purities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaojian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Meifen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Baomin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources (Yunnan Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming650504, Yunnan, China.,Department School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming650504, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael Reaction of Aminomaleimides with Nitroolefins Catalyzed by Takemoto's Catalyst. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227787. [PMID: 36431888 PMCID: PMC9696348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Known as electrophiles, maleimides are often used as acceptors in Michael additions to produce succinimides. However, reactions with maleimides as nucleophiles for enantioselective functionalization are only rarely performed. In this paper, a series of bifunctional Takemoto's catalysts were used to organocatalyze the enantioselective Michael reaction of aminomaleimides with nitroolefins. The resulting products were obtained in good yields (76-86%) with up to 94% enantiomer excess (ee). The catalyst type and the substrate scope were broadened using this methodology.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang L, Chen Z, Jiang H, Zhang J, Jin Y. Urea derivative organocatalyzed enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of α-naphthols with isatins. Chirality 2022; 34:977-988. [PMID: 35413136 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of α-naphthols with isatin derivatives was catalyzed by Takemoto-type urea catalyst to give optical active 3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in 75%-92% yields with up to 95% enantiomeric excess (ee) value. The catalyst type and the substrate scope were broadened in this methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Huiting Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Glavač D, Gredičak M. Construction of chiral Betti base precursors containing a congested quaternary stereogenic center via chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed arylation of isoindolinone-derived ketimines. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of enantioenriched Betti base precursors containing a congested quaternary stereocenter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danijel Glavač
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Gredičak
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beriša A, Glavač D, Zheng C, You SL, Gredičak M. Enantioselective construction of a congested quaternary stereogenic center in isoindolinones bearing three aryl groups via an organocatalytic formal Betti reaction. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient enantioselective formal Betti reaction between phenols and diaryl ketimines generated in situ from isoindolinone alcohols is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arben Beriša
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijel Glavač
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Matija Gredičak
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Organocatalysts are abundantly used for various transformations, particularly to obtain highly enantio- and diastereomeric pure products by controlling the stereochemistry. These applications of organocatalysts have been the topic of several reviews. Organocatalysts have emerged as one of the very essential areas of research due to their mild reaction conditions, cost-effective nature, non-toxicity, and environmentally benign approach that obviates the need for transition metal catalysts and other toxic reagents. Various types of organocatalysts including amine catalysts, Brønsted acids, and Lewis bases such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts, cinchona alkaloids, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and hydrogen bond-donating catalysts, have gained renewed interest because of their regioselectivity. In this review, we present recent advances in regiodivergent reactions that are governed by organocatalysts. Additionally, we briefly discuss the reaction pathways of achieving regiodivergent products by changes in conditions such as solvents, additives, or the temperature.
Collapse
|