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Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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Joseph E, Smith I, Tunge JA. Cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative difluoroalkylation of nitrophenylacetic acid salts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13902-13907. [PMID: 38075641 PMCID: PMC10699560 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective installation of fluorine-containing groups into biologically relevant molecules has been used as a common strategy for the development of pharmaceutically active molecules. However, the selective incorporation of gem-difluoromethylene groups next to sterically demanding secondary and tertiary alkyl groups remains a challenge. Herein, we report the first cobalt-catalyzed regioselective difluoroalkylation of carboxylic acid salts. The reaction allows for the facile construction of various difluoroalkylated products in good yields tolerating a wide range of functionalities on either reaction partner. The potential of the method is illustrated by the late-stage functionalization of molecules of biological relevance. Mechanistic studies support the in situ formation of a cobalt(i) species and the intermediacy of difluoroalkyl radicals, thus suggesting a Co(i)/Co(ii)/Co(iii) catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebbin Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas 1567 Irving Rd, Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Ian Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas 1567 Irving Rd, Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Jon A Tunge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas 1567 Irving Rd, Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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Ren J, Xu J, Kong X, Li J, Li K. Coordinating activation strategy enables 1,2-alkylamidation of alkynes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11466-11473. [PMID: 37886104 PMCID: PMC10599465 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The radical 1,2-difunctionalization reaction of alkynes has been evolved into a versatile approach for expeditiously increasing the complexity of the common feedstock alkyne. However, intermolecular 1,2-carboamidation with general alkyl groups is an unsolved problem. Herein, we show that a coordinating activation strategy could act as an efficient tool for enabling radical 1,2-alkylamidation of alkynes. With the employment of diacyl peroxides as both alkylating reagents and internal oxidants, a large library of β-alkylated enamides is constructed in a three-component manner from readily accessible amides and alkynes. This protocol exhibits broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility and is amenable for late-stage functionalization of natural molecules and biologically compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University 37 Guoxue Alley Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Junhua Xu
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University 37 Guoxue Alley Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Kong
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University 37 Guoxue Alley Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University 37 Guoxue Alley Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Kaizhi Li
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University 37 Guoxue Alley Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Zhang X, Yang TM, Hu LM, Hu XH. Stereoselective Iron-Catalyzed Alkylation of Enamides with Cyclopropanols via Oxidative C(sp 2)–H Functionalization. Org Lett 2022; 24:8677-8682. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tian-Ming Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lu-Min Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xu-Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Chen F, Zheng Y, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu L, Zhou N. Iron‐Catalyzed Silylation and Spirocyclization of Biaryl‐Ynones: A Radical Cascade Process toward Silylated Spiro[5.5]trienones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs Anyang Key Laboratory of New Functional Complex Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs Anyang Key Laboratory of New Functional Complex Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs Anyang Key Laboratory of New Functional Complex Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Yun Yang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs Anyang Key Laboratory of New Functional Complex Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu‐Yan Wu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs Anyang Key Laboratory of New Functional Complex Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 People's Republic of China
| | - Nengneng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241000 People's Republic of China
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