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Qin S, Wang X, Jiang Y. Dual-state emission, mechanofluorochromism, and lipid droplet imaging of asymmetric D-π-A-D'-type triads. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 311:124014. [PMID: 38354679 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Dual-state emission (DSE) is an emerging phenomenon wherein organic luminescent molecules display bright emissions in both molecularly isolated and packed states, addressing the challenge associated with the traditional paradigm of dyes with mono-state emission. This study presents the design and synthesis of two unsymmetrical triads, TPCA and TPCT, featuring a D-π-A-D' electronic structure by integrating phenothiazines, triphenylamines, and cyanostilbene. Photophysical assessments reveal that both molecules serve as robust DSEgens, exhibiting strong emissions in both solution and solid phases. TPCA displays ΦTHF 53.2% and Φsolids 43.2%, while TPCT exhibits ΦTHF 49.6% and Φsolids 37.5%. However, due to differences in molecular conformation and packing, they diverge in solid-state emission wavelengths and mechanofluorochromic behavior. In the solid state, TPCA emits strong red fluorescence, contrasting with TPCT, which emits orange fluorescence. Furthermore, TPCA demonstrates significant mechanofluorochromism (MFC), shifting from yellow to yellow-red upon mechanical grinding, while TPCT exhibits negligible MFC owing to conformational distinctions. As robust and low-toxic bioimaging agents, both TPCA and TPCT prove highly effective for lipid-droplet imaging studies. This research contributes valuable insights to the evolving field of DSE materials, elucidating the promising applications and mechanisms governing their versatile emission behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xueyao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Brotherton AR, Shibu A, Meadows JC, Sayresmith NA, Brown CE, Ledezma AM, Schmedake TA, Walter MG. Leveraging Coupled Solvatofluorochromism and Fluorescence Quenching in Nitrophenyl-Containing Thiazolothiazoles for Efficient Organic Vapor Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2205729. [PMID: 37186373 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Solvatofluorochromic molecules provide strikingly high fluorescent outputs to monitor a wide range of biological, environmental, or materials-related sensing processes. Here, thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz) fluorophores equipped with simple alkylamino and nitrophenyl substituents for solid-state, high-performance chemo-responsive sensing applications are reported. Nitroaromatic substituents are known to strongly quench dye fluorescence, however, the TTz core subtly modulates intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) enabling strong, locally excited-state fluorescence in non-polar conditions. In polar media, a planar ICT excited-state shows near complete quenching, enabling a twisted excited-state emission to be observed. These unique fluorescent properties (spectral shifts of 0.13 - 0.87 eV and large transition dipole moments Δµ = 20.4 - 21.3 D) are leveraged to develop highly sought-after chemo-responsive, organic vapor optical sensors. The sensors are developed by embedding the TTz fluorophores within a poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) block copolymer to form fluorescent dye/polymer composites (ΦF = 70 - 97%). The composites respond reversibly to a comprehensive list of organic solvents and show low vapor concentration sensing (e.g., 0.04% solvent saturation vapor pressure of THF - 66 ppm). The composite films can distinguish between solvent vapors with near complete fluorescent quenching observed when exposed to their saturated solvent vapor pressures, making this an extremely promising material for optical chemo-responsive sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Brotherton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Abhishek Shibu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Jared C Meadows
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Nickolas A Sayresmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Chloe E Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Ana Montoya Ledezma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Thomas A Schmedake
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Michael G Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
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Xue J, Tang F, Wang C, Yang J, Ding A. Tuning electronic structures of carbazole‐cyanostyrene molecules to achieve dual‐state emission for trace water analysis, picric acid sensing, and reversible mechanofluorochromism. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- Anhui University Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | | | - Chengyuan Wang
- Anhui University Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiaxiang Yang
- Anhui University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering jiulong road 230601 hefei CHINA
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