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Zhang Z, Sun H, Zhang M, Song S, Peng M, Dai W, Wang Y, Yu F. Switchable Skeletal Rearrangement of Hexahydro-4 H-indol-4-ones: Divergent Synthesis of Dihydroxy-4 H-cyclopenta[ b]pyridin-4-ones and 8-Alkenyl Oxepane-2,6-diones. Org Lett 2024; 26:4205-4211. [PMID: 38743606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented base-controlled selective skeletal rearrangement reaction of hexahydro-4H-indol-4-ones has been developed. In this protocol, highly functionalized dihydroxy-4H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-4-ones and 8-alkenyl oxepane-2,6-diones were prepared with a broad substrate scope and high chemoselectivity in moderate to excellent yields selectively by modulating LiOH and Et3N. In addition, the newly formed 8-alkenyl oxepane-2,6-dione scaffolds could be easily further derivatized to 5-(pyrrol-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones through a rare intramolecular rearrangement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. of China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. of China
| | - Mingshuai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. of China
| | - Siyu Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. of China
| | - Menglin Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. of China
| | - Weifeng Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. of China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. of China
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2
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Su XZ, Zhang LF, Hu K, An Y, Zhang QP, Tang JW, Yan BC, Li XR, Cai J, Li XN, Sun HD, Jiang SY, Puno PT. Discovery of Natural Potent HMG-CoA Reductase Degraders for Lowering Cholesterol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313859. [PMID: 38055195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of key protected wild plant resources makes great sense, but their limited populations become the major barrier. A particular strategy for breaking this barrier was inspired by the exploration of a resource-saving fungal endophyte Penicillium sp. DG23, which inhabits the key protected wild plant Schisandra macrocarpa. Chemical studies on the cultures of this strain afforded eight novel indole diterpenoids, schipenindolenes A-H (1-8), belonging to six diverse skeleton types. Importantly, semisyntheses suggested some key nonenzymatic reactions constructing these molecules and provided targeted compounds, in particular schipenindolene A (Spid A, 1) with low natural abundance. Remarkably, Spid A was the most potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) degrader among the indole diterpenoid family. It degraded statin-induced accumulation of HMGCR protein, decreased cholesterol levels and acted synergistically with statin to further lower cholesterol. Mechanistically, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling suggested that Spid A potentially activated the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway to enhance the degradation of HMGCR, while simultaneously inhibiting the statin-activated expression of many key enzymes in the cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis pathways, thereby strengthening the efficacy of statins and potentially reducing the side effects of statins. Collectively, this study suggests the potential of Spid A for treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lin-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yang An
- Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 (China)
| | - Qiao-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jian-Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Bing-Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xing-Ren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jie Cai
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shi-You Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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Li J, Lai Z, Zhang W, Zeng L, Cui S. Modular assembly of indole alkaloids enabled by multicomponent reaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4806. [PMID: 37558669 PMCID: PMC10412628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole alkaloids are one of the largest alkaloid classes, proving valuable structural moiety in pharmaceuticals. Although methods for the synthesis of indole alkaloids are constantly explored, the direct single-step synthesis of these chemical entities with broad structural diversity remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a modular assembly of tetrahydrocarboline type of indole alkaloids from simple building blocks in a single step while showing broad compatibility with medicinally relevant functionality. In this protocol, the 2-alkylated or 3-alkylated indoles, formaldehyde, and amine hydrochlorides could undergo a one-pot reaction to deliver γ-tetrahydrocarbolines or β-tetrahydrocarbolines directly. A wide scope of these readily available starting materials is applicable in this process, and numerous structural divergent tetrahydrocarbolines could be achieved rapidly. The control reaction and deuterium-labelling reaction are conducted to probe the mechanism. And mechanistically, this multicomponent reaction relies on a multiple alkylamination cascade wherein an unusual C(sp3)-C(sp3) connection was involved in this process. This method could render rapid access to pharmaceutically interesting compounds, greatly enlarge the indole alkaloid library and accelerate the lead compound optimization thus facilitating drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhencheng Lai
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linwei Zeng
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Kim DE, Zhu Y, Harada S, Aguilar I, Cuomo AE, Wang M, Newhouse TR. Total Synthesis of (+)-Shearilicine. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4394-4399. [PMID: 36790949 PMCID: PMC11000525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the first total synthesis of the indole diterpenoid natural product shearilicine by an 11-step sequence via a generalizable precursor to the highly oxidized subclass of indole diterpenoids. A native chiral auxiliary strategy was employed to access the target molecule in an enantiospecific fashion. The formation of the key carbazole substructure was achieved through a mild intramolecular Heck cyclization, wherein a computational study revealed noncovalent substrate-ligand and ligand-ligand interactions that promoted migratory insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria E Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Yingchuan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Shingo Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Isaiah Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Abbigayle E Cuomo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Minghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Timothy R Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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5
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Ozaki T, Minami A, Oikawa H. Biosynthesis of indole diterpenes: a reconstitution approach in a heterologous host. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:202-213. [PMID: 36321441 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00031h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 to 2022In this review, we provide an overview elucidating the biosynthetic pathway and heterologous production of fungal indole diterpenes (IDTs). Based on the studies of six IDT biosynthesis, we extracted nature's strategy: (1) two-stage synthesis for the core scaffold and platform intermediates, and (2) late-stage modifications for installing an additional cyclic system on the indole ring. Herein, we describe reconstitution studies applying this strategy to the synthesis of highly elaborated IDTs. We also discuss its potential for future biosynthetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. .,Innovation Center of Marine Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Niu J, Qi J, Wang P, Liu C, Gao JM. The chemical structures and biological activities of indole diterpenoids. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 36595079 PMCID: PMC9810782 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Indole diterpenoids (IDTs) are an essential class of structurally diverse fungal secondary metabolites, that generally appear to be restricted to a limited number of fungi, such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, Claviceps, and Epichloe species, etc. These compounds share a typical core structure consisting of a cyclic diterpene skeleton of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and an indole ring moiety derived from indole-3-glycerol phosphate (IGP). 3-geranylgeranylindole (3-GGI) is the common precursor of all IDTs. On this basis, it is modified by cyclization, oxidation, and prenylation to generate a large class of compounds with complex structures. These compounds exhibit antibacterial, anti-insect, and ion channel inhibitory activities. We summarized 204 compounds of IDTs discovered from various fungi over the past 50 years, these compounds were reclassified, and their biological activities were summarized. This review will help to understand the structural diversity of IDTs and provide help for their physiological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Niu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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7
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Kankanamge S, Khalil ZG, Bernhardt PV, Capon RJ. Noonindoles A-F: Rare Indole Diterpene Amino Acid Conjugates from a Marine-Derived Fungus, Aspergillus noonimiae CMB-M0339. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:698. [PMID: 36355021 PMCID: PMC9694122 DOI: 10.3390/md20110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Analytical scale chemical/cultivation profiling prioritized the Australian marine-derived fungus Aspergillus noonimiae CMB-M0339. Subsequent investigation permitted isolation of noonindoles A-F (5-10) and detection of eight minor analogues (i-viii) as new examples of a rare class of indole diterpene (IDT) amino acid conjugate, indicative of an acyl amino acid transferase capable of incorporating a diverse range of amino acid residues. Structures for 5-10 were assigned by detailed spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The metabolites 5-14 exhibited no antibacterial properties against G-ve and G+ve bacteria or the fungus Candida albicans, with the exception of 5 which exhibited moderate antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarani Kankanamge
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zeinab G. Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Lu HH, Gan KJ, Ni FQ, Zhang Z, Zhu Y. Concise Total Synthesis of Salimabromide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18778-18783. [PMID: 36194507 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We achieved a concise total synthesis of salimabromide by using a novel intramolecular radical cyclization to simultaneously construct the unique benzo-fused [4.3.1] carbon skeleton and the vicinal quaternary stereocenters. Other notable transformations include a tandem Michael/Mukaiyama aldol reaction to introduce most of the molecule's structural elements, along with hidden information for late-stage transformations, an intriguing tandem oxidative cyclization of a diene to form the bridged butyrolactone and enone moieties spontaneously, and a highly enantioselective hydrogenation of a cycloheptenone derivative (97% ee) that paved the way for the asymmetric synthesis of salimabromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kang-Ji Gan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
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