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Li H, Kang X, Zhu M. Superlattice Assembly for Empowering Metal Nanoclusters. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 39374418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAtomically precise metal nanoclusters, serving as an aggregation state of metal atoms, display unique physicochemical properties owing to their ultrasmall sizes with discrete electronic energy levels and strong quantum size effects. Such intriguing properties endow nanoclusters with potential utilization as efficient nanomaterials in catalysis, electron transfer, drug delivery, photothermal conversion, optical control, etc. With the assistance of atomically precise operations and theoretical calculations on metal nanoclusters, significant progress has been accomplished in illustrating their structure-performance correlations at the single-molecule level. Such research achievements, in turn, have contributed to the rational design and customization of functional nanoclusters and cluster-based nanomaterials.Most previous studies have focused on investigating structure-property correlations of nanocluster monomers, while the exploration of electronic structures and physicochemical properties of hierarchical cluster-based assembled structures was far from enough. Indeed, from the application aspect, the nanoclusters with controllably assembly states (e.g., crystalline assembled materials, host-guest hybrid materials, amorphous powders, and so on) were more suitable for performance expression relative to those in the monomeric state and more directed to downstream solid-state applications. In this context, more attention should be paid to the state-correlated property variations of metal nanoclusters occurring in their aggregating and assembling processes for better applications in accordance with their aptitude.Crystalline aggregates are crucial in the structural determination of metal nanoclusters, also acting as a cornerstone to analyze the structure-property correlations by affording atomic-level information. The regular arrangement, uniform composition, and close intermolecular distance of the cluster molecules in their supercrystal lattices are beneficial for property retention and amplification from the molecule itself as a monomeric state. Besides, for these nanoparticles with strong quantum size effects, the intercluster distances in the supercrystal lattices are still located at the nanoscale level, wherein the quantum size effect is highly likely to take effect with additional intermolecular synergistic effects. Accordingly, it is expected that novel performances might occur in the crystalline aggregates of nanoclusters that are completely different from those in the monomolecular state.In this Account, we emphasize our efforts in exploring the performance enhancement of atomically precise metal nanoclusters in their crystalline aggregate states, such as thermal stability, photoluminescence, optical activity, and an optical waveguide. Such performance enhancements further supported the practical uses of metal nanoclusters in structure determination, a polarization switch, an optical waveguide device, and so on. We also demonstrated that the differences in physicochemical properties between crystalline aggregates and monomers of metal nanoclusters might be attributed to the change in electronic structures during the crystalline aggregation processes in the superlattice. The "superlattice assembly" is intended to customize the function of cluster-based aggregates for downstream solid-state applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
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2
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Silalahi RPB, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Liu CW. Structural Transformation of Metastable Two-Electron Superatom Au-Doped Cu-Rich Alloy Nanocluster. Molecules 2024; 29:4427. [PMID: 39339425 PMCID: PMC11433815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to fabricate bimetallic clusters with atomic precision offers promising prospects for elucidating the correlations between their structures and properties. Nevertheless, achieving precise control at the atomic level in the production of clusters, including the quantity of dopant, characteristic of ligands, charge state of precursors, and structural transformation, have remained a challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis, purification, and characterization of a new bimetallic hydride cluster, [AuCu11(H){S2P(OiPr)2}6(C≡CPh)3] (AuCu11H). The hydride position in AuCu11H was determined using DFT calculations. AuCu11H comprises a ligand-stabilized defective fcc Au@Cu11 cuboctahedron. AuCu11H is metastable and undergoes a spontaneous transformation through ligand exchange into the isostructural [AuCu11(Cl){S2P(OiPr)2}6(C≡CPh)3] (AuCu11Cl) and into the complete cuboctahedral [AuCu12{S2P(OiPr)2}6(C≡CPh)4]+ (AuCu12) through an increase in nuclearity. These structural transformations were tracked by NMR and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - C. W. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan;
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3
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Feng Y, Lv Y, Wei X, Yu H, Kang X, Zhu M. Relationship between Structural Defects and Free Electrons in Icosahedral Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8910-8916. [PMID: 39172035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
According to the classic superatom model, metal nanoclusters with a "magic number" of free valence electrons display high stability, manifesting as the closed-shell-dependent electronic robustness. The icosahedral nanobuilding blocks containing eight free electrons were the most common in constructing metal nanoclusters; however, the structure defect-dependent variations of the free electron count in icosahedral configurations are still far from thorough research. Here, we reported a hydride-containing [Pt2Ag15(SAdm)4(DPPOE)4H]2+ nanocluster with two largely defective Pt1Ag8 icosahedral cores. Together with previously reported complete or slightly defective icosahedra in metal nanoclusters, the largely defective Pt1Ag8 core provided important clues to reveal the evolutionary mode of structural defects and free electrons in icosahedral nanoclusters; the free electron count of icosahedron was reduced two-by-two (i.e., from 8e to 6e and then to 4e) accompanied by the structure defection. Overall, the work presented a novel Pt2Ag15 nanocluster with a largely defective core structure that enables an atomic-level understanding of the relationship between structural defects and free electrons in icosahedral nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
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4
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Li S, Li NN, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Chemical Flexibility of Atomically Precise Metal Clusters. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7262-7378. [PMID: 38696258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal clusters possess hybrid properties that seamlessly combine an inorganic core with an organic ligand shell, imparting them exceptional chemical flexibility and unlocking remarkable application potential in diverse fields. Leveraging chemical flexibility to expand the library of available materials and stimulate the development of new functionalities is becoming an increasingly pressing requirement. This Review focuses on the origin of chemical flexibility from the structural analysis, including intra-cluster bonding, inter-cluster interactions, cluster-environments interactions, metal-to-ligand ratios, and thermodynamic effects. In the introduction, we briefly outline the development of metal clusters and explain the differences and commonalities of M(I)/M(I/0) coinage metal clusters. Additionally, we distinguish the bonding characteristics of metal atoms in the inorganic core, which give rise to their distinct chemical flexibility. Section 2 delves into the structural analysis, bonding categories, and thermodynamic theories related to metal clusters. In the following sections 3 to 7, we primarily elucidate the mechanisms that trigger chemical flexibility, the dynamic processes in transformation, the resultant alterations in structure, and the ensuing modifications in physical-chemical properties. Section 8 presents the notable applications that have emerged from utilizing metal clusters and their assemblies. Finally, in section 9, we discuss future challenges and opportunities within this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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5
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Li H, Wei X, Kang X, Zhu M. Effects of bromine-containing counterion salts in directing the structures of medium-sized silver nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1254-1259. [PMID: 38117189 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05464k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The preparation and structural determination of silver nanoclusters (especially the medium-sized Ag clusters) remain more challenging relative to those of their gold counterparts because of the comparative instability of the former. In this work, three medium-sized Ag clusters were controllably synthesized and structurally determined, namely, [Ag52(S-Adm)30Br4H20]2- (Ag52 for short), Ag54(S-Adm)30Br4H20 (Ag54 for short), and [Ag58(S-Adm)30Br4(NO3)2H22]2+ (Ag58 for short) nanoclusters. Specifically, the introduction of PPh4Br gave rise to the generation of Ag52 and Ag54 nanoclusters with homologous compositions and configurations, while the TOABr salt selected Ag58 as the sole cluster product, whose geometric structure was completely different from those of Ag52 and Ag54 nanoclusters. In addition, the optical absorptions and emissions of the three medium-sized silver nanoclusters were compared. The findings in this work not only provide three uniquely medium-sized nanoclusters to enrich the silver cluster family but also point out a new approach (i.e., changing the counterion salt) for the preparation of new nanoclusters with novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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6
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Liu Y, Li H, Zou X, Kang X, Zhu M. Parasitism in Metal Nanoclusters: A Case Study of (AuAg) 25·(AuAg) 27. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1555-1562. [PMID: 38166168 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Studying the interactions of atomically precise metal nanoclusters in their assembly systems is of great significance in the nanomaterial research field, which has attracted increasing interest in the last few decades. Herein, we report the cocrystallization of two oppositely charged atomically precise metal nanoclusters in one unit cell: [Au1Ag24(SR)18]- ((AuAg)25 for short) and [AuxAg27-x(Dppf)4(SR)9]2+ (x = 10-12; (AuAg)27 for short) with a 1:1 ratio. (AuAg)27 could maintain its structure in the presence of (AuAg)25, whether in the crystalline and the solution state, while the metastable (AuAg)27 component underwent a spontaneous transformation to (AuAg)16(Dppf)2(SR)8 after dissociating the (AuAg)25 component from this cocrystal, demonstrating the "parasitism" relationship of the (AuAg)27 component over (AuAg)25 in this dual-cluster system. This work enriches the family of cluster-based assemblies and elucidates the delicate relationship between nanoparticles of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejuan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zou X, Kang X, Zhu M. Recent developments in the investigation of driving forces for transforming coinage metal nanoclusters. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5892-5967. [PMID: 37577838 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters serve as an emerging class of modular nanomaterials. The transformation of metal nanoclusters has been fully reflected in their studies from every aspect, including the structural evolution analysis, physicochemical property regulation, and practical application promotion. In this review, we highlight the driving forces for transforming atomically precise metal nanoclusters and summarize the related transforming principles and fundamentals. Several driving forces for transforming nanoclusters are meticulously reviewed herein: ligand-exchange-induced transformations, metal-exchange-induced transformations, intercluster reactions, photochemical transformations, oxidation/reduction-induced transformations, and other factors (intrinsic instability, pH, temperature, and metal salts) triggering transformations. The exploitation of transforming principles to customize the preparations, structures, physicochemical properties, and practical applications of metal nanoclusters is also disclosed. At the end of this review, we provide our perspectives and highlight the challenges remaining for future research on the transformation of metal nanoclusters. Our intended audience is the broader scientific community interested in metal nanoclusters, and we believe that this review will provide researchers with a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and insights on the research fundamentals needed to realize more cluster-based nanomaterials with customized compositions, structures, and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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8
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Huang JH, Liu LY, Wang ZY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Modular Cocrystallization of Customized Carboranylthiolate-Protected Copper Nanoclusters via Host-Guest Interactions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18789-18794. [PMID: 36286585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystals containing distinct atom-precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) provide an opportunity to elucidate the crystallization process, architectural complexity, and newly emerging properties of condensed-state metal NC-assembled materials. However, the controllable preparation of such cocrystals is still challenging. Herein, we present a modular strategy to cocrystallize two customized carboranylthiolate-protected copper NCs, Cu14(C2B10H10S2)6(CH3CN)6 (Cu14) and Cu16(C2B10H10S2)8 (Cu16), which adopt matched surface patterns by host-guest chemistry. The Cu14·Cu16 cocrystals show integrated UV-vis adsorption and dual emission stemming from the Cu14 and Cu16 NCs. Moreover, the component NCs are selectively doped by gold atoms, which is a promising way to incorporate diverse properties of metal cluster-based cocrystals. This work not only provides a copper NC-based cocrystal for a profound study on a condensed-state copper nanomaterial but also develops a modular strategy for the cocrystallization of metal NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li-Ying Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Tang L, Yin Z, Wang R, Wang B, Jiang K, Ding M, Wang S. Understanding a ligand's effects on intra-cluster and inter-cluster assembly. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8842-8848. [PMID: 35695330 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ligands play an essential role in cluster assembly; however, understanding this behavior at the atomic level is far off. In this work, Cd12Ag32(S-PhOMe)36(PPh)4@Cd6Ag2(S-PhOMe)6Cl6(PPh3)8@Ag6(S-PhOMe)6Cl2 (Abbrev. Cd12Ag32-1) and Cd12Ag32(S-c-C6H11)36 (Abbrev. Cd12Ag32-2) were synthesized and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. An important finding is the selective adsorption of phosphine ligands that is caused by the different types of thiol ligands. In addition, Cd12Ag32-1 follows a unique stacking pattern in a superlattice with multiple inter-cluster channels. Overall, this study is helpful for an in-depth understanding of the effect of mixed ligands on nanocluster formation and the correlation between structure and properties in the nanocluster range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengmao Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Ru Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Kefan Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Mei Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Shuxin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
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10
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Adnan RH, Madridejos JML, Alotabi AS, Metha GF, Andersson GG. A Review of State of the Art in Phosphine Ligated Gold Clusters and Application in Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105692. [PMID: 35332703 PMCID: PMC9130904 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold clusters are highly desirable due to their well-defined structure which allows the study of structure-property relationships. In addition, they have potential in technological applications such as nanoscale catalysis. The structural, chemical, electronic, and optical properties of ligated gold clusters are strongly defined by the metal-ligand interaction and type of ligands. This critical feature renders gold-phosphine clusters unique and distinct from other ligand-protected gold clusters. The use of multidentate phosphines enables preparation of varying core sizes and exotic structures beyond regular polyhedrons. Weak gold-phosphorous (Au-P) bonding is advantageous for ligand exchange and removal for specific applications, such as catalysis, without agglomeration. The aim of this review is to provide a unified view of gold-phosphine clusters and to present an in-depth discussion on recent advances and key developments for these clusters. This review features the unique chemistry, structural, electronic, and optical properties of gold-phosphine clusters. Advanced characterization techniques, including synchrotron-based spectroscopy, have unraveled substantial effects of Au-P interaction on the composition-, structure-, and size-dependent properties. State-of-the-art theoretical calculations that reveal insights into experimental findings are also discussed. Finally, a discussion of the application of gold-phosphine clusters in catalysis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohul H. Adnan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCenter for Hydrogen EnergyUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)Johor Bahru81310Malaysia
| | | | - Abdulrahman S. Alotabi
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia5042Australia
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science and Arts in BaljurashiAlbaha UniversityBaljurashi65655Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory F. Metha
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
| | - Gunther G. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia5042Australia
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11
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Ma XH, Si Y, Luo LL, Wang ZY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Directional Doping and Cocrystallizing an Open-Shell Ag 39 Superatom via Precursor Engineering. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5507-5514. [PMID: 35353504 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal precursors employed in the bottom-up synthesis of metal nanoclusters (NCs) are of great importance in directing their composition and geometrical structure. In this work, a silver nanocluster co-protected by phosphine and thiolate, namely, [Ag39(PFBT)24(TPP)8]2- (Ag39, PFBT = pentafluorobenzenethiol, TPP = triphenylphosphine), was isolated and structurally characterized. It adopts a three-layered Ag13@Ag18@Ag8S24P8 core-shell structure. The Ag13@Ag18 kernel is unusual in multilayer noble metal NCs. By introducing a copper precursor in the synthesis, a bimetallic nanocluster [Ag37Cu2(PFBT)24(TPP)8]2- (Ag37Cu2) with an identical structure to Ag39 apart from two outer Ag atoms being substituted by Cu atoms was obtained. Astoundingly, the Cu precursor used in the synthesis was found to be critical in determining the final structure. The alteration of the Cu precursor led to the cocrystallization of the above alloy nanocluster with a Ag14 nanocluster, namely, [Ag37Cu2(PFBT)24(TPP)8]2-·[Ag14(PFBT)6(TPP)8] (Ag37Cu2·Ag14). The electronic structure analyzed by theoretical calculation reveals that Ag39 is a 17-electron open-shell superatom. The optical absorption of Ag39, Ag37Cu2, and Ag37Cu2·Ag14 was compared and studied in detail. This work not only enriches the family of alloy metallic nanoclusters but also provides a metal NC-based cocrystal platform for in-depth study of its crystal growth and photophysical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Ma
- Green Catalysis Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yubing Si
- Green Catalysis Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lan-Lan Luo
- Green Catalysis Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- Green Catalysis Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Zhu C, Duan T, Li H, Wei X, Kang X, Pei Y, Zhu M. Structural determination of a metastable Ag 27 nanocluster and its transformations into Ag 8 and Ag 29 nanoclusters. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The atomically precise structure of a metastable nanocluster, Ag27H11(SPhMe2)12(DPPM)6, was determined, and its transformations into size-reduction Ag8 and size-growth Ag29 nanoclusters have been mapped out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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