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Zhang Y, Doan BT, Gasser G. Metal-Based Photosensitizers as Inducers of Regulated Cell Death Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10135-10155. [PMID: 37534710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, various forms of regulated cell death (RCD) have been discovered and were found to improve cancer treatment. Although there are several reviews on RCD induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT), a comprehensive summary covering metal-based photosensitizers (PSs) as RCD inducers has not yet been presented. In this review, we systematically summarize the works on metal-based PSs that induce different types of RCD, including ferroptosis, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and pyroptosis. The characteristics and mechanisms of each RCD are explained. At the end of each section, a summary of the reported commonalities between different metal-based PSs inducing the same RCD is emphasized, and future perspectives on metal-based PSs inducing novel forms of RCD are discussed at the end of the review. Considering the essential roles of metal-based PSs and RCD in cancer therapy, we hope that this review will provide the stage for future advances in metal-based PSs as RCD inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bich-Thuy Doan
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Imaging and Analytical Systems for Diagnosis, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, 75005 Paris, France
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2
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Wei F, Chen Z, Shen XC, Ji L, Chao H. Recent progress in metal complexes functionalized nanomaterials for photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37184685 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes have shown promise as photosensitizers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. However, the vast majority of metal photosensitizers are not ideal and associated with several limitations including pharmacokinetic limitations, off-target toxicity, fast systemic clearance, poor membrane permeability, and hypoxic tumour microenvironments. Metal complex functionalized nanomaterials have the potential to construct multifunctional systems, which not only overcome the above defects of metal complexes but are also conducive to modulating the tumour microenvironment (TME) and employing combination therapies to boost photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. In this review, we first introduce the current challenges of photodynamic therapy and summarize the recent research strategies (such as metal coordination bonds, self-assembly, π-π stacking, physisorption, and so on) used for preparing metal complexes functionalized nanomaterials in the application of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, MOE Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuoli Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, MOE Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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3
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Wang SY, Chen G, Chen JF, Wang J, Deng SH, Cheng D. Glutathione-depleting polymer delivering chlorin e6 for enhancing photodynamic therapy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21609-21620. [PMID: 35975058 PMCID: PMC9346557 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01877b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is highly dependent on the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the ROS generated by photosensitizers can be consumed by the highly concentrated glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, severely impairing the therapeutic effect of PDT. Herein, we synthesized a GSH-scavenging copolymer to deliver photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6). The pyridyl disulfide groups, which have faster reactivity with the thiol groups of GSH than other disulfide groups, were grafted onto a hydrophobic block to encapsulate the Ce6. Under NIR irradiation, the Ce6 generated ROS to kill tumor cells, and the pyridyl disulfide groups depleted the GSH to prevent ROS consumption, which synergistically enhanced the therapeutic effect of PDT. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the combinatory antitumor effect of Ce6-induced ROS generation and the pyridyl disulfide group-induced GSH depletion. Therefore, the pyridyl disulfide group-grafted amphiphilic copolymer provides a more efficient strategy for enhancing PDT and has promising potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yin Wang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Guo Chen
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Feng Chen
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510630 P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Deng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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Ke L, Wei F, Xie L, Karges J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Biodegradable Iridium(III) Coordination Polymer for Enhanced Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy Using an Apoptosis-Ferroptosis Hybrid Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205429. [PMID: 35532958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of photodynamic therapy is hindered by the high glutathione concentration, poor cancer-targeting properties, poor drug loading into delivery systems, and an inefficient activation of the cell death machinery in cancer cells. To overcome these limitations, herein, the formulation of a promising IrIII complex into a biodegradable coordination polymer (IrS NPs) is presented. The nanoparticles were found to remain stable under physiological conditions but deplete glutathione and disintegrate into the monomeric metal complexes in the tumor microenvironment, causing an enhanced therapeutic effect. The nanoparticles were found to selectively accumulate in the mitochondria where these trigger cell death by hybrid apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways through the photoinduced production of singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals. This study presents the first example of a coordination polymer that can efficiently cause cancer cell death by apoptosis and ferroptosis upon irradiation, providing an innovative approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lina Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 400201, P. R. China
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5
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Nano-bio interactions: A major principle in the dynamic biological processes of nano-assemblies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114318. [PMID: 35533787 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Controllable nano-assembly with stimuli-responsive groups is emerging as a powerful strategy to generate theranostic nanosystems that meet unique requirements in modern medicine. However, this prospective field is still in a proof-of-concept stage due to the gaps in our understanding of complex-(nano-assemblies)-complex-(biosystems) interactions. Indeed, stimuli-responsive assembly-disassembly is, in and of itself, a process of nano-bio interactions, the key steps for biological fate and functional activity of nano-assemblies. To provide a comprehensive understanding of these interactions in this review, we first propose a 4W1H principle (Where, When, What, Which and How) to delineate the relevant dynamic biological processes, behaviour and fate of nano-assemblies. We further summarize several key parameters that govern effective nano-bio interactions. The effects of these kinetic parameters on ADMET processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and transformation) are then discussed. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the challenges facing the evaluation of nano-bio interactions of assembled nanodrugs. We finally conclude with future perspectives on safe-by-design and application-driven-design of nano-assemblies. This review will highlight the dynamic biological and physicochemical parameters of nano-bio interactions and bridge discrete concepts to build a full spectrum understanding of the biological outcomes of nano-assemblies. These principles are expected to pave the way for future development and clinical translation of precise, safe and effective nanomedicines with intelligent theranostic features.
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Li ZL, Wu H, Zhu JQ, Sun LY, Tong XM, Huang DS, Yang T. Novel Strategy for Optimized Nanocatalytic Tumor Therapy: From an Updated View. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Li Li
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College) Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- School of Public Health Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University) Shanghai 200438 China
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College) Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- School of Public Health Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University) Shanghai 200438 China
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Li-Yang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College) Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- School of Public Health Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Xiang-Min Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College) Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- School of Public Health Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College) Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- School of Public Health Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College) Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- School of Public Health Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University) Shanghai 200438 China
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai 200438 China
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7
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Ke L, Wei F, Xie L, Karges J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Biodegradable Iridium(III) Coordination Polymer for Enhanced Two‐Photon Photodynamic Therapy Using an Apoptosis–Ferroptosis Hybrid Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libing Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Lina Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 400201 P. R. China
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8
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Yang J, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wei X, Wang H, Si N, Yang J, Zhao Q, Bian B, Zhao H. Advanced nanomedicines for the regulation of cancer metabolism. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Shao L, Hu T, Fan X, Wu X, Zhou F, Chen B, Tan S, Xu H, Pan A, Liang S, He Y. Intelligent Nanoplatform with Multi Therapeutic Modalities for Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13122-13135. [PMID: 35286061 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has attracted increasing attention in tumor treatment but is limited by insufficient endogenous H2O2. Moreover, it is challenging for monotherapy to achieve a satisfactory outcome due to tumor complexity. Herein, we developed an intelligent nanoplatform that could respond to a tumor microenvironment to induce efficient CDT without complete dependence on H2O2 and concomitantly generate chemotherapy and oncosis therapy (OT). The nanoplatform was constructed by a calcium- and iron-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticle (CFMSN) loaded with dihydroartemisinin (DHA). After entering into cancer cells, the nanoplatform could directly convert the intracellular H2O2 into toxic •OH due to the Fenton-like activity of CFMSN. Meanwhile, the acidic microenvironment and endogenous chelating molecules triggered Ca2+ and Fe3+ release from the nanoplatform, causing particle collapse with accompanying DHA release for chemotherapy. Simultaneously, the released Ca2+ induced intracellular Ca2+-overloading for OT, which was further enhanced by DHA, while the released Fe3+ was reduced to reactive Fe2+ by intracellular glutathione, guaranteeing efficient Fenton reaction-mediated CDT. Moreover, Fe2+ cleaved the peroxy bonds of DHA to generate C-centered radicals to further amplify CDT. Both in vitro and in vivo results confirmed that the nanoplatform exhibited excellent anticancer efficacy via the synergistic effect of multi therapeutic modalities, which is extremely promising for high-efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Shao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Taishun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xingyu Fan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xiaozan Wu
- Science Park, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Botao Chen
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Anqiang Pan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Shuquan Liang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yongju He
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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Hu Z, Wei Q, Zhang H, Tang W, Kou Y, Sun Y, Dai Z, Zheng X. Advances in FePt-involved nano-system design and application for bioeffect and biosafety. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:339-357. [PMID: 34951441 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development and wide application of nanomaterial-involved theranostic agents have drawn surging attention for improving the living standard of humankind and healthcare conditions. In this review, recent developments in the design, synthesis, biocompatibility evaluation and potential nanomedicine applications of FePt-involved nano-systems are summarized, especially for cancer theranostic and biological molecule detection. The in vivo multi-model imaging capability is discussed in detail, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Furthermore, we highlight the significant achievements of various FePt-involved nanotherapeutics for cancer treatment, such as drug delivery, chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In addition, a series of FePt-involved nanocomposites are also applied for biological molecule detection, such as H2O2, glucose and naked-eye detection of cancer cells. Ultimately, we also summarize the challenges and prospects of FePt-involved nano-systems in nanocatalytic medicine. This review is expected to give a general pattern for the development of FePt-involved nano-systems in the field of nanocatalytic medicine and analytical determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunfu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Qiulian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China. .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Weina Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Yunkai Kou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Yunqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Zhichao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
| | - Xiuwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
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