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Felsted RG, Graham TR, Zhao Y, Bazak JD, Nienhuis ET, Pauzauskie PJ, Joly AG, Pearce CI, Wang Z, Rosso KM. Anionic Effects on Concentrated Aqueous Lithium Ion Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:5076-5087. [PMID: 38708887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics, orientational anisotropy, diffusivity, viscosity, and density were measured for concentrated lithium salt solutions, including lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium nitrite (LiNO2), and lithium nitrate (LiNO3), with methyl thiocyanate as an infrared vibrational probe molecule, using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and viscometry. The 2D IR, NMR, and viscosity results show that LiNO2 exhibits longer correlation times, lower diffusivity, and nearly 4 times greater viscosity compared to those of the other lithium salt solutions of the same concentration, suggesting that nitrite anions may strongly facilitate structure formation via strengthening water-ion network interactions, directly impacting bulk solution properties at sufficiently high concentrations. Additionally, the LiNO2 and LiNO3 solutions show significantly weakened chemical interactions between the lithium cations and the methyl thiocyanate when compared with those of the lithium halide salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Felsted
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yatong Zhao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - J David Bazak
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Emily T Nienhuis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Peter J Pauzauskie
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alan G Joly
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Zheming Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Ding W, Cheng J, Zhao L, Wang Z, Yang H, Liu Z, Xu Q, Wang J, Geng F, Chen M. Determination of intrinsic defects of functional KDP crystals with flawed surfaces and their effect on the optical properties. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10041-10050. [PMID: 35815691 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01862d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A practically nonlinear optical material, the functional KH2PO4 (KDP) crystal, has an extremely low laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) due to manufacturing-induced surface defects. The low LIDT induced by these surface defects of KDP crystals hinders their application in laser fusion facilities. Herein, the effect of intrinsic point defects introduced by manufacturing-induced lateral cracks on laser damage was particularly investigated by a combination of spectral detection (i.e., photoluminescence, Raman and Fourier transformed infrared spectra) and first-principles calculation. It was determined that the manufacturing-induced lateral cracks would introduce more hydrogen vacancy and oxygen vacancy intrinsic defects than the ideal surface. These intrinsic defects would form cluster-type defects, lowering the LIDT to 6.600 J cm-2 by introducing two defect levels of 2.83 eV and 4.89 eV within the band gap of the KDP crystal. To further investigate the effect of intrinsic defects introduced by lateral cracks on laser-induced damage growth, the transformation of charge states of intrinsic defects under laser irradiation was calculated. Combined with the spectral information of the lateral crack-induced laser damage site and the laser damage growth experiments, it was found that the intrinsic defects of lateral cracks have a large amount of evolution, making the crystal prone to severe damage growth. Overall, the avoidance of such lateral cracks with a large number of intrinsic defects is very beneficial for improving the laser damage resistance of KDP crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Linjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Feng Geng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Graham TR, Hu JZ, Jaegers NR, Zhang X, Pearce CI, Rosso KM. An amorphous sodium aluminate hydrate phase mediates aluminum coordination changes in highly alkaline sodium hydroxide solutions. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01642g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A newly identified intermediate phase containing tetrahedral Al is formed incipient to the crystallization of sodium aluminate hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent R. Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Carolyn I. Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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