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Tsang CY, Zhang Y. Nanomaterials for light-mediated therapeutics in deep tissue. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2898-2931. [PMID: 38265834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Light-mediated therapeutics, including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy and light-triggered drug delivery, have been widely studied due to their high specificity and effective therapy. However, conventional light-mediated therapies usually depend on the activation of light-sensitive molecules with UV or visible light, which have poor penetration in biological tissues. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to engineer nanosystems that can generate luminescence through excitation with near-infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound or X-ray. Certain nanosystems can even carry out light-mediated therapy through chemiluminescence, eliminating the need for external activation. Compared to UV or visible light, these 4 excitation modes penetrate more deeply into biological tissues, triggering light-mediated therapy in deeper tissues. In this review, we systematically report the design and mechanisms of different luminescent nanosystems excited by the 4 excitation sources, methods to enhance the generated luminescence, and recent applications of such nanosystems in deep tissue light-mediated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Yin Tsang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Song D, Xu W, Luo M, You K, Tang J, Wen H, Cheng X, Luo X, Wang Z. Turning single bubble sonoluminescence from blue in pure water to green by adding trace amount of carbon nanodots. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105727. [PMID: 34509955 PMCID: PMC8441195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sonoluminescence (SL) is an interesting physical effect which can convert acoustic energy into light pulses. Up to now, the microscopic mechanism of the SL has not yet been fully clear. It is known that hydroxyl radicals play the important role for SL from water. In this work, we take advantage of carbon nano-dots (CNDs) as free radical captors to modulate the hydroxyl radicals (OH) in SL effect. Through studying the single bubble SL (SBSL) from CND aqueous solution (CNDAS) with trace amount of CNDs, we find that the color of SBSL is tuned dramatically from blue in water to green in CNDAS. Two different SL mechanisms can be identified from emission spectrum. One comes from blackbody-like radiation and another is attributed from the characteristic emission with identified peaks. The decrease in the yield of H2O2 in the presence of CNDs suggests the modulation effect on SL via OH interacting with CNDs. By comparison of the CNDs before and after sonication, it is found that hydroxyl radicals generated during SL can take part in the chain-like oxidation of the chemical groups attached to the CNDs to form larger amount of carboxyl groups. The blackbody temperature of blackbody-like radiation decreases from 15,600 K in water to 11,300 K in CNDAS. Moreover, the emission from hydroxyl radicals and two new luminescent centers related to carboxyl groups are introduced in SL from CNDAS. These important and interesting findings indicate that by adding trace amount of CNDs in water, the effect of SBSL can be significantly modulated, which can provide a macroscopic phenomenon for gaining an insight into the microscopic mechanism of the SL effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China; Micro Optical Instruments Inc., 518118 Shenzhen, China.
| | - Man Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Kaijun You
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ju Tang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xingjia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaobing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhibiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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