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Kumara BN, Shambhu R, Shim YB, Nirmal J, Prasad KS. Development of mucoadhesive Timolol loaded chitosan-nanocomposite to treat glaucoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126917. [PMID: 37716661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Timolol Maleate is an aqueous soluble β-blocker antiglaucoma drug used to suppress intraocular pressure. Several commercially available ocular formulations are not effective in delivering to the target site due to their water-soluble property and low mucoadhesiveness. Hence, there is a requirement for a highly mucoadhesive drug-loaded nanocomposite to suppress intraocular pressure with enhanced bioavailability. Herein, we have prepared a mucoadhesive Timolol-loaded graphene quantum dot-chitosan-nanocomposite to treat glaucoma in response to lysozyme, secreted in the tear fluid. The as-prepared nanocomposite has been characterized through high resolution-transmission electron microscopic, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectral studies. The nanocomposite showed 93.74 % encapsulation efficiency with a loading capacity of 7.73 %. Further, 89.26 %, 95.62 %, and 99.29 % of drug release were observed from the nanocomposite in the presence of 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/mL of lysozyme. The mucoadhesion property has been confirmed by the increment in the particle size, fluorescence spectral variations, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies in the presence of mucin nanoparticles of size 291 nm. Interestingly, mucoadhesion has been demonstrated by pointing to the quenching in the luminescence of mucin. Further, in vitro biocompatibility assay on human corneal epithelial cells showed ≥80 % cell viability. Hence, this study offers the utilization of naturally secreting enzymes for drug delivery applications instead of uncontrolled pH and temperature-triggered releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Kumara
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory [NMRL], Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - R Shambhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jayabalan Nirmal
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory (TPRL), Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - K Sudhakara Prasad
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory [NMRL], Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India; Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India.
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Watt MM, Moitra P, Sheffield Z, Ostadhossein F, Maxwell EA, Pan D. A narrative review on the role of carbon nanoparticles in oncology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1845. [PMID: 35975704 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is the first site of metastasis for most tumors and is a common reason for the failure of cancer therapy. The lymphatic system's anatomical properties make it difficult to deliver chemotherapy agents at therapeutic concentrations while avoiding systemic toxicity. Carbon nanoparticles offer a promising alternative for identifying and transporting therapeutic molecules. The larger diameter of lymphatic vessels compared to the diameter of blood vessels, allows carbon nanoparticles to selectively enter the lymphatic system once administered subcutaneously. Carbon nanoparticles stain tumor-draining lymph nodes black following intratumoral injection, making them useful in sentinel lymph node mapping. Drug-loaded carbon nanoparticles allow higher concentrations of chemotherapeutics to accumulate in regional lymph nodes while decreasing plasma drug accumulation. The use of carbon nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery has been associated with lower mortality, fewer histopathology changes in vital organs, and lower serum concentrations of hepatocellular enzymes. This review will focus on the ability of carbon nanoparticles to target the lymphatics as well as their current and potential applications in sentinel lymph node mapping and oncology treatment regimens. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Watt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Facility III, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zach Sheffield
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Maxwell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Facility III, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Health Sciences Facility III, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sar D, Ostadhossein F, Moitra P, Alafeef M, Pan D. Small Molecule NIR-II Dyes for Switchable Photoluminescence via Host -Guest Complexation and Supramolecular Assembly with Carbon Dots. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202414. [PMID: 35657032 PMCID: PMC9353451 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Small molecular NIR-II dyes are highly desirable for various biomedical applications. However, NIR-II probes are still limited due to the complex synthetic processes and inadequate availability of fluorescent core. Herein, the design and synthesis of three small molecular NIR-II dyes are reported. These dyes can be excited at 850-915 nm and emitted at 1280-1290 nm with a large stokes shift (≈375 nm). Experimental and computational results indicate a 2:1 preferable host-guest assembly between the cucurbit[8]uril (CB) and dye molecules. Interestingly, the dyes when self-assembled in presence of CB leads to the formation of nanocubes (≈200 nm) and exhibits marked enhancement in fluorescence emission intensity (Switch-On). However, the addition of red carbon dots (rCDots, ≈10 nm) quenches the fluorescence of these host-guest complexes (Switch-Off) providing flexibility in the user-defined tuning of photoluminescence. The turn-ON complex found to have comparable quantum yield to the commercially available near-infrared fluorophore, IR-26. The aqueous dispersibility, cellular and blood compatibility, and NIR-II bioimaging capability of the inclusion complexes is also explored. Thus, a switchable fluorescence behavior, driven by host-guest complexation and supramolecular self-assembly, is demonstrated here for three new NIR-II dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinabandhu Sar
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of PediatricsCenter for Blood Oxygen Transport and HemostasisUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineHealth Sciences Research Facility III670 W Baltimore St.BaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of PediatricsCenter for Blood Oxygen Transport and HemostasisUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineHealth Sciences Research Facility III670 W Baltimore St.BaltimoreMD21201USA
- Department of ChemicalBiochemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyInterdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility1000 Hilltop CircleBaltimoreMD21250USA
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid22110Jordan
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of PediatricsCenter for Blood Oxygen Transport and HemostasisUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineHealth Sciences Research Facility III670 W Baltimore St.BaltimoreMD21201USA
- Department of ChemicalBiochemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyInterdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility1000 Hilltop CircleBaltimoreMD21250USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineHealth Sciences Research Facility III670 W Baltimore St.BaltimoreMD21201USA
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Chatterjee N, Kumar P, Kumar K, Misra SK. What makes carbon nanoparticle a potent material for biological application? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1782. [PMID: 35194963 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon materials are generally utilized in the form of carbon allotropes and their characteristics are exploited as such or for improving the thermal, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of other biomaterials. This has now found a broader share in conventional biomaterial space with the generation of nanodiamond, carbon dot, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), and so forth. With properties of better biocompatibility, intrinsic optical emission, aqueous suspendability, and easier surface conjugation possibilities made CNPs as one of the fore most choice for biological applications especially for use in intracellular spaces. There are various reports available presenting methods of preparing, characterizing, and using CNPs for various biological applications but a collection of information on what makes CNP a suitable biomaterial to achieve those biological activities is yet to be provided in a significant way. Herein, a series of correlations among synthesis, characterization, and mode of utilization of CNP have been incorporated along with the variations in its use as agent for sensing, imaging, and therapy of different diseases or conditions. It is ensembled that how simplified and optimized methods of synthesis is correlated with specific characteristics of CNPs which were found to be suitable in the specific biological applications. These comparisons and correlations among various CNPs, will surely provide a platform to generate new edition of this nanomaterial with improvised applications and newer methods of evaluating structural, physical, and functional properties. This may ensure the eventual use of CNPs for human being for specific need in near future. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering and The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering and The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering and The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering and The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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