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Edwards IA, De Carlo F, Sitta J, Varner W, Howard CM, Claudio PP. Enhancing Targeted Therapy in Breast Cancer by Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065474. [PMID: 36982548 PMCID: PMC10053544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the response to cancer treatments is highly variable, and severe side effects and toxicity are experienced by patients receiving high doses of chemotherapy, such as those diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer. The main goal of researchers and clinicians is to develop new effective treatments that will be able to specifically target and kill tumor cells by employing the minimum doses of drugs exerting a therapeutic effect. Despite the development of new formulations that overall can increase the drugs’ pharmacokinetics, and that are specifically designed to bind overexpressed molecules on cancer cells and achieve active targeting of the tumor, the desired clinical outcome has not been reached yet. In this review, we will discuss the current classification and standard of care for breast cancer, the application of nanomedicine, and ultrasound-responsive biocompatible carriers (micro/nanobubbles, liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanodroplets/nanoemulsions) employed in preclinical studies to target and enhance the delivery of drugs and genes to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah A. Edwards
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Flavia De Carlo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Juliana Sitta
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - William Varner
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Candace M. Howard
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wang Y, Wei Y, Wu Y, Zong Y, Song Y, Pu S, Wu W, Zhou Y, Xie J, Yin H. Multifunctional Nano-Realgar Hydrogel for Enhanced Glioblastoma Synergistic Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy: A New Paradigm of an Old Drug. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:743-763. [PMID: 36820060 PMCID: PMC9938708 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s394377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Realgar, as a kind of traditional mineral Chinese medicine, can inhibit multiple solid tumor growth and serve as an adjuvant drug in cancer therapy. However, the extremely low solubility and poor body absorptive capacity limit its application in clinical medicine. To overcome this therapeutic hurdle, realgar can here be fabricated into a nano-realgar hydrogel with enhanced chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) ability. Our objective is to evaluate the superior biocompatibility and anti-tumor activity of nano-realgar hydrogel. Methods We have successfully synthesized nano-realgar quantum dots (QDs) coupling with 6-AN molecules (NRA QDs) and further encapsulated with a pH-sensitive dextran hydrogel carrier with hyaluronic acid coating (DEX-HA gel) to promote bioavailability, eventually forming a multifunctional nano-realgar hydrogel (NRA@DH Gel). To better investigate the tumor therapy efficiency of the NRA@DH Gel, we have established the mice in situ bearing GL261 brain glioblastoma as animal models assigned to receive intratumor injection of NRA@DH Gel. Results The designed NRA@DH Gel as an antitumor drug can not only exert the prominent chemotherapy effect but also as a "sustainable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator" can inhibit in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolism and reduce the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), thereby inhibiting the conversion of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH), reducing GSH concentrations in tumor cells, triggering the accumulation of ROS, and finally enhancing the effectiveness of RT. Conclusion Through the synergistic effect of chemotherapy and RT, NRA@DH Gel effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of tumor cells, suppressed tumor growth, improved motor coordination, and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice. Our work aims to improve the NRA@DH Gel-mediated synergistic chemotherapy and RT will endow a "promising future" for the old drug in clinically comprehensive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Central Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Wei
- Department of Radiotherapy Central Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichun Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy Central Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zong
- Department of Radiotherapy Central Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Song
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengyan Pu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy Central Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yin
- Department of Radiotherapy Central Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221009, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Haitao Yin; Jun Xie, Email ;
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