1
|
Zhang M, Zhang Z, Li Y. Mechanisms and Origins of Regio- and Stereoselectivities in NHC-Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulation of α-Bromoenals and 5-Aminoisoxazoles: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10748-10759. [PMID: 38996054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to explore the mechanisms and origins of regio- and stereoselectivities underlying the [3 + 3] annulation reaction between α-bromoenals and 5-aminoisoxazoles with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as the catalyst. The reaction occurs in nine steps: (1) nucleophilic addition of NHC to α-bromoenal, (2) Breslow intermediate formation through 1,2-proton transfer, (3) debromination, (4) α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediate formation via 1,3-proton transfer, (5) addition of α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediate to 5-aminoisoxazole, (6) deprotonation, (7) protonation, (8) ring closure, and (9) elimination of NHC. For the fifth step, 1,2-addition suggested in the experiment was not supported by our results. Instead, we found that Michael addition is energetically the most feasible pathway and the stereo-controlling step that preferentially provides the S-configuration product. DFT-computed results and experimental findings agree well. Analysis of distortion/interaction reveals that lower distortion energy leads to stability of the transition state corresponding to the S-configuration product. Global reactivity index analysis indicates that the behavior of the NHC catalyst differs significantly before and after the Breslow intermediate debromination. Before debromination, the nucleophilicity of α-bromoenal is enhanced by addition to NHC. However, after debromination, the α,β-unsaturated acyl azole generates and acts as an electrophilic reagent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biswas A. Aromatic C-H bond functionalization through organocatalyzed asymmetric intermolecular aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction: a recent update. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:956-981. [PMID: 37404800 PMCID: PMC10315893 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction allows an efficient coupling of electron-rich aromatic systems with imines for the facile incorporation of aminoalkyl groups into the aromatic ring. This reaction has a great scope of forming aza-stereocenters which can be tuned by different asymmetric catalysts. This review assembles recent advances in asymmetric aza-Friedel-Crafts reactions mediated by organocatalysts. The mechanistic interpretation with the origin of stereoselectivity is also explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Hooghly Women’s College, Vivekananda Road, Pipulpati, Hooghly - 712103, WB, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li K, Gao S, Zha Z, Wang Z. Construction of chiral N, O-hemiaminals via a copper-catalyzed enantioselective Michael/ N-hemiacetalization cascade reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4404-4408. [PMID: 37191101 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Michael/N-hemiacetalization cascade reaction of 5-aminoisoxazoles with β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters was developed under the catalysis of a chiral copper complex. A series of optically pure six-membered ring N,O-hemiaminals were obtained with excellent yields (up to 96% yield) and high enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). The possible transition state was supported by DFT calculations and thereby the corresponding mechanism was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiliang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Li WS, Lu S, Tian F, Wang LX. Enantioselective Benzylation and Allylation of a Crucial Synthon of 3-Amino Oxindole Schiff Base Promoted by a Cinchonidinium Phase Transfer Catalyst to Enable the Effective Preparation of Chiral Quaternary 3-Amino Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5801-5812. [PMID: 37053546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
3-Amino oxindole Schiff base has been used as an efficient and crucial synthon for highly enantioselective benzylation and allylation with benzyl bromides and allyl bromides in the presence of a 1,3-bis[O(9)-allylcinchonidinium-N-methyl]-2-fluorobenzene dibromide phase transfer catalyst under mild reaction conditions. A broad series of chiral quaternary 3-amino oxindoles were smoothly obtained in good to excellent yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) with broad substrate generality. A typical scale-up preparation and subsequent Ullman coupling reaction were also smoothly performed, and a special and important chiral spirooxindole benzofuzed pyrrol scaffold with potential pharmaceutical and organocatalytic activities was successfully obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan Y, Li M, Shi Q, Huang M, Li W, Cao L, Zhang X. Atropoenantioselective Arylation of 5‐Amino‐Isothiazoles with Methyl
p
‐Quinone Carboxylate. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingkun Yan
- Department of Chemistry Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Chemistry Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Chemistry Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Lianyi Cao
- Department of Chemistry Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan Y, Li M, Liu M, Huang M, Cao L, Li W, Zhang X. Sc(OTf)
3
‐Catalyzed Dearomative [3+2] Annulation of 5‐Aminoisoxazoles with Quinone Imine Ketals or Quinone Monoacetals. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingkun Yan
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Min Li
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Min Liu
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Min Huang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lianyi Cao
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Y, Lin Z, Fang R, Guo Y, Tu L, Yan Y, Zhang W, Sun H, Gao Z. Titanocene Lewis Acid Complexes with Diversified N,O-Ligands: Selectivity toward Three-Component Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Indoles. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Rongmiao Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Li Tu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yikun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
del Corte X, Martínez de Marigorta E, Palacios F, Vicario J, Maestro A. An overview of the applications of chiral phosphoric acid organocatalysts in enantioselective additions to CO and CN bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01209j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since 2004, chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) have emerged as highyl efficient organocatalysts, providing excellent results in a wide reaction scope. In this review, the applications of CPA for enantioselective additions to CO and CN bonds are covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xabier del Corte
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edorta Martínez de Marigorta
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Vicario
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Aitor Maestro
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li M, Chen Y, Yan Y, Liu M, Huang M, Li W, Cao L, Zhang X. Organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of quaternary α-isoxazole–α-alkynyl amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8849-8854. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed enantioselective addition of 5-amino-isoxazoles with β,γ-alkynyl-α-ketimino esters provided good yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
| | - Yingkun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Organocatalysts are abundantly used for various transformations, particularly to obtain highly enantio- and diastereomeric pure products by controlling the stereochemistry. These applications of organocatalysts have been the topic of several reviews. Organocatalysts have emerged as one of the very essential areas of research due to their mild reaction conditions, cost-effective nature, non-toxicity, and environmentally benign approach that obviates the need for transition metal catalysts and other toxic reagents. Various types of organocatalysts including amine catalysts, Brønsted acids, and Lewis bases such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts, cinchona alkaloids, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and hydrogen bond-donating catalysts, have gained renewed interest because of their regioselectivity. In this review, we present recent advances in regiodivergent reactions that are governed by organocatalysts. Additionally, we briefly discuss the reaction pathways of achieving regiodivergent products by changes in conditions such as solvents, additives, or the temperature.
Collapse
|