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Weed RA, Campbell G, Brown L, May K, Sargent D, Sutton E, Burdette K, Rider W, Baker ES, Enders JR. Non-Targeted PFAS Suspect Screening and Quantification of Drinking Water Samples Collected through Community Engaged Research in North Carolina's Cape Fear River Basin. TOXICS 2024; 12:403. [PMID: 38922083 PMCID: PMC11209479 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A community engaged research (CER) approach was used to provide an exposure assessment of poly- and perfluorinated (PFAS) compounds in North Carolina residential drinking water. Working in concert with community partners, who acted as liaisons to local residents, samples were collected by North Carolina residents from three different locations along the Cape Fear River basin: upper, middle, and lower areas of the river. Residents collected either drinking water samples from their homes or recreational water samples from near their residence that were then submitted by the community partners for PFAS analysis. All samples were processed using weak anion exchange (WAX) solid phase extraction and analyzed using a non-targeted suspect screening approach as well as a quantitative approach that included a panel of 45 PFAS analytes, several of which are specific to chemical industries near the collection site locations. The non-targeted approach, which utilized a suspect screening list (obtained from EPA CompTox database) identified several PFAS compounds at a level two confidence rating (Schymanski scale); compounds identified included a fluorinated insecticide, a fluorinated herbicide, a PFAS used in polymer chemistry, and another that is used in battery production. Notably, at several locations, PFOA (39.8 ng/L) and PFOS (205.3 ng/L) were at levels that exceeded the mandatory EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 4 ng/L. Additionally, several sites had detectable levels of PFAS that are unique to a local chemical manufacturer. These findings were communicated back to the community partners who then disseminated this information to the local residents to help empower and aid in making decisions for reducing their PFAS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Weed
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Grace Campbell
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (L.B.)
| | - Lacey Brown
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (L.B.)
| | - Katlyn May
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (L.B.)
| | - Dana Sargent
- Cape Fear River Watch, Wilmington, NC 28401, USA; (D.S.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Kemp Burdette
- Cape Fear River Watch, Wilmington, NC 28401, USA; (D.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Wayne Rider
- Sustainable Sandhills, Fayetteville, NC 28303, USA;
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Enders
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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2
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Zhu XL, Wang H, Zhai CK, He W. Photo-induced C(sp 2)-H difluoroalkylation of anilines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:720-724. [PMID: 38165818 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01757e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
A photoinduced protocol for the direct difluoroalkylation of C(sp2)-H bonds in anilines under catalyst-free reaction conditions is presented. This transformation is characterized by a wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and operational simplicity, and could serve as an alternative tool to established methods for the synthesis of difluoroalkylated anilines. Mechanistic studies suggest the formation of an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between anilines and difluoroalkyl bromides in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Li Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R.China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R.China.
| | - Chen-Kai Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R.China.
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R.China.
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3
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Purushotam, Bera A, Banerjee D. Recent advances on non-precious metal-catalysed fluorination, difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation of N-heteroarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9298-9315. [PMID: 37855147 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances, from 2015 to 2023, on the introduction of organo-fluorine derivatives at the N-heteroarene core. Notable features considering new technologies based on organofluorine compounds such as: (i) approaches based on non-precious metal catalysis (Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, etc.), (ii) the development of new strategies using non-precious metal-catalysts for the introduction of organo-fluorinine derivatives using N-heterocycles with one or more heteroatoms, (iii) newer reagents for fluorination, difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, or perfluoroalkylation of N-heteroarenes using different approaches, (iv) mechanistic studies on various catalytic transformations, as and when required, and (v) the synthetic applications of various bio-active organo-fluorine compounds, including post-synthetic drug derivatization, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushotam
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Atanu Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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4
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Fujioka S, Hirano K, Hoshiya N, Yamauchi A, Kishikawa Y, Uchiyama M. Perfluoroalkoxylation reaction via dual concurrent catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37318512 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic amount of CsI enables dual concurrent activation of poorly reactive perfluoroalkoxide and alkyl halides, especially alkyl chlorides, leading to the formation of diverse perfluoroalkoxylated organic compounds. Installation of perfluoroalkoxy groups by this methodology is cost-effective, circumventing the need for over-stoichiometric cesium or silver salts. This methodology also provides high functional group compatibility and tolerance of sterically hindered substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Fujioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Hirano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Hoshiya
- Technology Innovation Center, DAIKIN Industries, Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamauchi
- Technology Innovation Center, DAIKIN Industries, Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kishikawa
- Technology Innovation Center, DAIKIN Industries, Ltd., 1-1 Nishi-Hitotsuya, Settsu, Osaka 566-8585, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 566-8585, Japan
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5
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Castillo-Pazos DJ, Lasso JD, Hamzehpoor E, Ramos-Sánchez J, Salgado JM, Cosa G, Perepichka DF, Li CJ. Triarylamines as catalytic donors in light-mediated electron donor–acceptor complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:3470-3481. [PMID: 37006691 PMCID: PMC10055340 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc07078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
EDA complexes with catalytic triarylamines allow C–H perfluoroalkylation of arenes and heteroarenes under visible light irradiation in pH- and redox-neutral conditions. A detailed photophysical characterization of the EDA complex is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durbis J. Castillo-Pazos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Juan D. Lasso
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jorge Ramos-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jan Michael Salgado
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmytro F. Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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Hisa T, Kanno Y, Shirai T, Oshiki T, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Fukumoto H, Agou T. Synthesis and characterization of a polystyrene-type polymer bearing a cyclic perfluoroalkylene group. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Baguia H, Beaudelot J, Moucheron C, Evano G. Photoinduced, copper-catalysed direct perfluoroalkylation of heteroarenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9080-9083. [PMID: 35894168 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and general process is reported for the photoinduced, copper-catalysed direct perfluoroalkylation of C-H bonds in a broad range of heteroarenes with commercially available perfluoroalkyl iodides. This redox neutral process is simply based on the use of [Cu(bcp)DPEPhos]PF6 as the photoredox catalyst in the presence of potassium acetate and smoothly operates at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Baguia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme Beaudelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. .,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/07, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/07, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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8
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Baguia H, Evano G. Direct Perfluoroalkylation of C−H Bonds in (Hetero)arenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200975. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Baguia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
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9
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Castillo-Pazos DJ, Lasso JD, Li CJ. Synthesis of α-(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)propiophenones: a new set of reagents for the light-mediated perfluoroalkylation of aromatics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:788-795. [PMID: 35875711 PMCID: PMC9273985 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the demand for late-stage perfluoroalkylation in synthetic chemistry, we report the synthesis of a series of bench-stable α-(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)propiophenones. Their application as photocleavable reagents was tested with electron-rich aromatics under metal-free, redox- and pH-neutral conditions to enable late-stage perfluorooctylation, perfluorohexylation, and perfluorobutylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durbis J Castillo-Pazos
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Juan D Lasso
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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10
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Ge D, Chu XQ. Multiple-fold C–F bond functionalization for the synthesis of (hetero)cyclic compounds: fluorine as a detachable chemical handle. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01749g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We highlighted the recent advances in the field of multiple-fold C–F bond functionalization for the synthesis of (hetero)cyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Ge
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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11
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Baishya G, Dutta NB. Recent Advances in Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of N‐Heterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gakul Baishya
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Nibedita B. Dutta
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Rain Forest Research Institute Jorhat 785001 India
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12
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Baguia H, Evano G. Copper-Catalyzed Direct Perfluoroalkylation of Heteroarenes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103599. [PMID: 34842313 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and broadly applicable process is reported for the copper-catalyzed direct perfluoroalkylation of C-H bonds in heteroarenes with commercially available perfluoroalkyl iodides. This reaction is based on a simple combination of copper(I) iodide and 1,10-phenanthroline enabling the easy reduction of perfluoroalkyl iodides to the corresponding radical species that add to a wide range of heteroarenes including benzofurans, benzothiophenes, (aza)indoles, furans and pyrroles. High levels of regioselectivity were obtained in all cases and the efficiency and robustness of this process was highlighted by the direct perfluoroalkylation of furan-containing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Baguia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et Physic Chimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et Physic Chimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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