1
|
Han D, Yang L, Liang Q, Sun H, Sun Y, Yan G, Zhang X, Han Y, Wang X, Wang X. Natural resourced polysaccharides: Preparation, purification, structural elucidation, structure-activity relationships and regulating intestinal flora, a system review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135956. [PMID: 39317289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Natural resourced polysaccharides (NRPs), as metabolites synthesized during activity of organisms, widely present in animal cell membranes or plant and microbial cell walls. NRPs have garnered extensive attention in the fields of medicine, foods, and farming owing to their distinct bioactivities and structural diversity. Despite the burgeoning growth in NRPs research, the available literature focuses primarily on a review of specific polysaccharides, necessitating an urgent need for a comprehensive summary of NRPs to offer readers a whole landscape of current advancements in NRPs research. Based on this, this article comprehensively reviews the latest research progress regarding preparation, purification, structure elucidation, structure-activity relationships and regulation of intestinal flora of NRPs in electronic databases, such as PubMed, Wiley, ScienceDirect and Web of Science from last 5 years. This review analyzes the effects of various extraction techniques on NRPs and also delves into the intrinsic correlation between the biological activity and structure of NRPs, highlighting that chemical modification can enhance their structural diversity and confer novel or improved biological functions. Moreover, this article extensively explores the application of NRP in promoting intestinal microecology balance, underscoring its significant potential as a probiotic initiator. This review lays a solid theoretical foundation for the future research and development of NRPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Han
- State key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Liang
- State key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangli Yan
- State key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiwu Zhang
- State key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- State key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Technology Innovation Center of Wusulijiang Ciwujia, Revolution Street, Hulin 154300, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- State key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Konieczna J, Wrońska K, Kalińska M, Liberek B, Nowacki A. Conformational preferences of guanine-containing threose nucleic acid building blocks in B3LYP studies. Carbohydr Res 2024; 537:109055. [PMID: 38373388 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, detailed and systematic gas-phase B3LYP conformational studies of four monomers of threose nucleic acid (TNA) with guanine attached at the C1' atom and bearing different substituents (OH, OP(=O)OH2 and OCH3) in the C2' and C3' positions of the α-l-threofuranose moiety are presented. All exocyclic single-bond (χ, ε and γ) rotations, as well as the ν0-ν4 endocyclic torsion angles, were taken into consideration. Three (threoguanosines TG1-TG3) or two (TG4) energy minima were found for the rotation about the χ torsion angle. The syn orientation (the A rotamer family) is strongly privileged in geometries TG1 and TG2, whereas the anti orientation (the C rotamer family) and the syn orientation are observed to be in equilibrium (with populations of 56% and 44%, respectively) for TG3. In the case of TG4, the high-anti orientation (the B rotamer family) turned out to be by far the most favourable, with the contribution exceeding 90% in equilibrium. Such a preference can be attributed to the inability of H-bonding between sugar and nucleobase and possibly because of the steric strains. The low-energy conformers of TG1-TG4 occupy the northeastern (P ∼ 40°) and/or southern (P ∼ 210°) parts of the pseudorotational wheel, which fits the A- and B-type DNA helices quite well. Additionally, in the case of TG4, some relatively stable geometries have the furanoid ring in conformation lying on the northwestern part of the pseudorotational wheel (P ∼ 288°).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Konieczna
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Wrońska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Kalińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Widmalm G. Glycan Shape, Motions, and Interactions Explored by NMR Spectroscopy. JACS AU 2024; 4:20-39. [PMID: 38274261 PMCID: PMC10807006 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Glycans in the form of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates are ubiquitous in nature, and their structures range from linear assemblies to highly branched and decorated constructs. Solution state NMR spectroscopy facilitates elucidation of preferred conformations and shapes of the saccharides, motions, and dynamic aspects related to processes over time as well as the study of transient interactions with proteins. Identification of intermolecular networks at the atomic level of detail in recognition events by carbohydrate-binding proteins known as lectins, unraveling interactions with antibodies, and revealing substrate scope and action of glycosyl transferases employed for synthesis of oligo- and polysaccharides may efficiently be analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. By utilizing NMR active nuclei present in glycans and derivatives thereof, including isotopically enriched compounds, highly detailed information can be obtained by the experiments. Subsequent analysis may be aided by quantum chemical calculations of NMR parameters, machine learning-based methodologies and artificial intelligence. Interpretation of the results from NMR experiments can be complemented by extensive molecular dynamics simulations to obtain three-dimensional dynamic models, thereby clarifying molecular recognition processes involving the glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lutsyk V, Plazinski W. Exploring Ring Conformation in Uronate Monosaccharides: Insights from Ab Initio Calculations and Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:472-491. [PMID: 38170925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The study focuses on the conformational properties of biologically relevant monosaccharides belonging to the group of uronates: α-l-iduronate, O2-sulfated-α-l-iduronate, and O2-sulfated-α-l-guluronate, either unfunctionalized or O1-methylated. We applied the previously proposed two-step methodology, combining classical MD simulations and subsequent ab initio (QM) calculations, performed on a rationally subsampled set of molecular configurations. We found that, regardless of the number of molecular configurations considered, the level of theory, and the weighting scheme applied, none of the QM approaches is capable of predicting the correct conformational equilibrium of sulfated iduronates as long as the tight counterion binding is not considered. Multicenter, ring-shape-specific binding of either Na+ or Ca2+ ions drastically shifts the conformational equilibrium of the pyranose ring in sulfated iduronates toward 1C4 but does not significantly affect the conformation of non-sulfated compounds. A similar shift is observed upon the protonation of carboxyl groups in all iduronates. In addition, we report a set of average J-coupling constant values related to vicinal protons bound to the pyranose ring of iduronates and corresponding to each of the three main groups of ring conformers, i.e., 4C1, B/S (boat/skew boat), and 1C4. In combination with the conformational energies or with the experimental data, these values allowed the relative proportions of the ring conformers to be estimated and the Karplus-type equations linking the 3JHH-coupling constants to the torsion angles within the pyranose ring to be refined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery Lutsyk
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Plazinski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Poškaitė G, Wheatley DE, Wells N, Linclau B, Sinnaeve D. Obtaining Pure 1H NMR Spectra of Individual Pyranose and Furanose Anomers of Reducing Deoxyfluorinated Sugars. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13908-13925. [PMID: 37754916 PMCID: PMC10563139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to tautomeric equilibria, NMR spectra of reducing sugars can be complex with many overlapping resonances. This hampers coupling constant determination, which is required for conformational analysis and configurational assignment of substituents. Given that mixtures of interconverting species are physically inseparable, easy-to-use techniques that enable facile full 1H NMR characterization of sugars are of interest. Here, we show that individual spectra of both pyranoside and furanoside forms of reducing fluorosugars can be obtained using 1D FESTA. We discuss the unique opportunities offered by FESTA over standard sel-TOCSY and show how it allows a more complete characterization. We illustrate the power of FESTA by presenting the first full NMR characterization of many fluorosugars, including of the important fluorosugar 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucose. We discuss in detail all practical considerations for setting up FESTA experiments for fluorosugars, which can be extended to any mixture of fluorine-containing species interconverting slowly on the NMR frequency-time scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabija Poškaitė
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Wheatley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Wells
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus
Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Plazinski W, Angles d'Ortoli T, Widmalm G. Conformational flexibility of the disaccharide β-L-Fuc p-(1→4)-α-D-Glc p-OMe as deduced from NMR spectroscopy experiments and computer simulations. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6979-6994. [PMID: 37584331 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates in biological systems are referred to as glycans and modification of their structures is a hallmark indicator of disease. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure forms the basis for further insight into how they function and comparison of crystal structure with solution-state conformation(s) is particularly relevant, which has been performed for the disaccharide β-L-Fucp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-OMe. In water solution the conformational space at the glycosidic linkage between the two sugar residues is identified from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as having a low-energy exo-syn conformation, deviating somewhat from the solid-state conformation, and two anti-conformational states, i.e., anti-ϕ and anti-ψ, indicating flexibility at the glycosidic linkage. NMR data were obtained from 1D 1H,1H-NOESY and STEP-NOESY experiments, measurement of transglycosidic 3JCH coupling constants and NMR spin-simulation. The free energy profile of the ω torsion angle computed from MD simulation was in excellent agreement with the rotamer distribution from NMR experiment being for gt:gg:tg 38 : 53 : 9, respectively, with a proposed inter-residue O5'⋯HO6 hydrogen bond being predominant in the gg rotamer. Quantum mechanics methodology was used to calculate transglycosidic NMR 3JCH coupling constants, averaged over a conformational ensemble of structures representing various rotamers of exocyclic groups, in good to excellent agreement with Karplus-type relationships previously developed. Furthermore, 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were calculated using the same methodology and were found to be in excellent agreement with experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Plazinski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Thibault Angles d'Ortoli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrate molecules in the realm of biology, are present as biomedically important glycoconjugates and a characteristic aspect is that their structures in many instances are branched. In determining the primary structure of a glycan, the sugar components including the absolute configuration and ring form, anomeric configuration, linkage(s), sequence, and substituents should be elucidated. Solution state NMR spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to resolve all these aspects at atomic resolution. During the last two decades, advancement of both NMR experiments and spectrometer hardware have made it possible to unravel carbohydrate structure more efficiently. These developments applicable to glycans include, inter alia, NMR experiments that reduce spectral overlap, use selective excitations, record tilted projections of multidimensional spectra, acquire spectra by multiple receivers, utilize polarization by fast-pulsing techniques, concatenate pulse-sequence modules to acquire several spectra in a single measurement, acquire pure shift correlated spectra devoid of scalar couplings, employ stable isotope labeling to efficiently obtain homo- and/or heteronuclear correlations, as well as those that rely on dipolar cross-correlated interactions for sequential information. Refined computer programs for NMR spin simulation and chemical shift prediction aid the structural elucidation of glycans, which are notorious for their limited spectral dispersion. Hardware developments include cryogenically cold probes and dynamic nuclear polarization techniques, both resulting in enhanced sensitivity as well as ultrahigh field NMR spectrometers with a 1H NMR resonance frequency higher than 1 GHz, thus improving resolution of resonances. Taken together, the developments have made and will in the future make it possible to elucidate carbohydrate structure in great detail, thereby forming the basis for understanding of how glycans interact with other molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fontana
- Departamento
de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruda A, Aytenfisu AH, Angles d’Ortoli T, MacKerell AD, Widmalm G. Glycosidic α-linked mannopyranose disaccharides: an NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation study employing additive and Drude polarizable force fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3042-3060. [PMID: 36607620 PMCID: PMC9890503 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
D-Mannose is a structural component in N-linked glycoproteins from viruses and mammals as well as in polysaccharides from fungi and bacteria. Structural components often consist of D-Manp residues joined via α-(1→2)-, α-(1→3)-, α-(1→4)- or α-(1→6)-linkages. As models for these oligo- and polysaccharides, a series of mannose-containing disaccharides have been investigated with respect to conformation and dynamics. Translational diffusion NMR experiments were performed to deduce rotational correlation times for the molecules, 1D 1H,1H-NOESY and 1D 1H,1H-T-ROESY NMR experiments were carried out to obtain inter-residue proton-proton distances and one-dimensional long-range and 2D J-HMBC experiments were acquired to gain information about conformationally dependent heteronuclear coupling constants across glycosidic linkages. To attain further spectroscopic data, the doubly 13C-isotope labeled α-D-[1,2-13C2]Manp-(1→4)-α-D-Manp-OMe was synthesized thereby facilitating conformational analysis based on 13C,13C coupling constants as interpreted by Karplus-type relationships. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for the disaccharides with explicit water as solvent using the additive CHARMM36 and Drude polarizable force fields for carbohydrates, where the latter showed broader population distributions. Both simulations sampled conformational space in such a way that inter-glycosidic proton-proton distances were very well described whereas in some cases deviations were observed between calculated conformationally dependent NMR scalar coupling constants and those determined from experiment, with closely similar root-mean-square differences for the two force fields. However, analyses of dipole moments and radial distribution functions with water of the hydroxyl groups indicate differences in the underlying physical forces dictating the wider conformational sampling with the Drude polarizable versus additive C36 force field and indicate the improved utility of the Drude polarizable model in investigating complex carbohydrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ruda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden
| | - Asaminew H. Aytenfisu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland 21201USA
| | - Thibault Angles d’Ortoli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland 21201USA
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Walczak D, Sikorski A, Grzywacz D, Nowacki A, Liberek B. Characteristic 1H NMR spectra of β-d-ribofuranosides and ribonucleosides: factors driving furanose ring conformations. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29223-29239. [PMID: 36320749 PMCID: PMC9557318 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04274f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of β-d-ribofuranosides and ribonucleosides fused with 2,3-O-isopropylidene ring was synthesized and studied in terms of their conformational preferences. Based on the 1H NMR spectra, DFT calculations, and X-ray analysis the E 0-like and E 4-like conformations adopted by these furanosides are identified. The 3 E-like and 2 E-like conformations are assigned to ribonucleosides without the 2,3-O-isopropylidene group. The studies are supported by analysis of the structural data of β-d-ribofuranosides and ribonucleosides deposited in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC) database. Finally, the factors influencing the conformational preferences of the furanose ring with the β-d-ribo configuration are indicated. These are the unfavorable ecliptic orientation of the 2-OH and 3-OH groups, the 1,3-pseudodiaxial interaction of the aglycone and terminal hydroxymethyl group and the endo-anomeric effect. It is also proved that the exo-anomeric effect acts in β-d-ribofuranosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Artur Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Daria Grzywacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdańsk Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Furevi A, Ruda A, Angles d’Ortoli T, Mobarak H, Ståhle J, Hamark C, Fontana C, Engström O, Apostolica P, Widmalm G. Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of mono-to tetrasaccharides as basis for NMR chemical shift predictions of oligo- and polysaccharides using the computer program CASPER. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
11
|
Xue R, Liang C, Li Y, Chen X, Li F, Ren S, Chen F. Solid-state separation of hypoxanthine tautomers through a doping strategy. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state separation of hypoxanthine tautomers was realized by a doping strategy. The doping forms of hypoxanthine in HAmG, AG β and AG α are N7-hypoxanthine, and in GM and dehydrated-GM are N9-hypoxanthine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xue
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Chengfeng Liang
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuzhi Chen
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Fuying Li
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Shizhao Ren
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|