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Tali JA, Kumar G, Sharma BK, Rasool Y, Sharma Y, Shankar R. Synthesis and site selective C-H functionalization of imidazo-[1,2- a]pyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7267-7289. [PMID: 37655687 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00849e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine has attracted much interest in drug development because of its potent medicinal properties, therefore the discovery of novel methods for its synthesis and functionalization continues to be an exciting area of research. Although transition metal catalysis has fuelled the most significant developments, extremely beneficial metal-free approaches have also been identified. Even though pertinent reviews focused on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine synthesis, properties (physicochemical and medicinal), and functionalization at the C3 position have been published, none of these reviews has focused on the outcomes obtained in the field of global ring functionalization. We wish here to describe a brief synthesis and an overview of all the functionalization reactions at each carbon atom, viz, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7 and C8 of this scaffold, divided into sections based on site-selectivity and the type of functionalization methods used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad Tali
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Bhupesh Kumar Sharma
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Younis Rasool
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Yashika Sharma
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Firuz ME, Rajai-Daryasarei S, Rominger F, Biglari A, Balalaie S. Mn-Mediated Direct Regioselective C-H Trifluoromethylation of Imidazopyridines and Quinoxalines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37471701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple and highly efficient strategy has been developed for direct C-H trifluoromethylation at C-3 of imidazopyridines and C-8 of quinoxalines with readily available Langlois reagent through KMnO4/AcOH system. This protocol showed broad substrate scope and afforded moderate-to-excellent yields of both products. It is the first report that the functionalization of quinoxalines occurred regioselectively at the C-8 position of quinoxalines. Mechanistic studies revealed that reaction proceeded via radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Esi Firuz
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697-64499, Iran
| | - Saideh Rajai-Daryasarei
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697-64499, Iran
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 271, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Abbas Biglari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697-64499, Iran
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Yu M, Niu K, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang Q. Visible-Light-Induced Metal-Free Decarboxylative Perfluoroalkylation of Aryl Acrylic Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:7622-7626. [PMID: 36219166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkylation is important for late-stage modification of biologically active molecules. Herein, we report a protocol for visible-light-induced perfluoroalkylation reactions of aryl acrylic acids. These reactions, which use perfluoroalkyl iodides as radical precursors and inexpensive eosin Y as a photocatalyst, proceed in a decarboxylative manner. The easy accessibility of perfluoroalkyl iodides and the broad substrate scope, mild conditions, and metal-free catalyst make this protocol applicable for the transformation of inexpensive raw materials to high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Baguia H, Evano G. Direct Perfluoroalkylation of C−H Bonds in (Hetero)arenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200975. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Baguia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
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Tran C, Hamze A. Recent Developments in the Photochemical Synthesis of Functionalized Imidazopyridines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113461. [PMID: 35684399 PMCID: PMC9182178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazopyridines constitute one of the most important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, as their skeleton could be found in a myriad of biologically active molecules. Although numerous strategies were elaborated for imidazopyridine preparation in the 2010s, novel eco-compatible synthetic approaches have emerged, conscious of climate change concerns. In this framework, photochemical methods have been promoted to conceive this heterocyclic motif over the last decade. This review covers the recently published works on synthesizing highly functionalized imidazopyridines by light induction.
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Shen GB, Yu HY, Xu Z, Cao W, Liu J, Xie L, Yan M. Theoretical study for evaluating and discovering organic hydride compounds as novel trifluoromethylation reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2831-2842. [PMID: 35294516 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00056c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylation reaction is one of the significant and practical organic chemical reactions, and the design and discovery of novel trifluoromethylation reagents have been attracting more and more attention. Trifluoromethyl-substituted organic hydride compounds (XH) have the potential to be novel trifluoromethylation reagents in organic synthesis due to the favorable tendency of XH˙+ releasing ˙CF3 to form stable aromatic structures in terms of thermodynamics. The key elementary step of the trifluoromethylation is the radical cation (XH˙+) generation by catalysis or single-electron activation releasing ˙CF3 to form a stable aromatic structure, which also provides the thermodynamic driving force of the chemical process. In this work, 47 new trifluoromethylation reagent candidates of XHs were designed and calculated for the Gibbs free energy and activation free energy [ΔG‡RD(XH˙+)] of XH˙+ releasing ˙CF3 using the density functional theory (DFT) method, in order to quantitatively measure the reactivity of XHs as trifluoromethylation reagents, and to establish the molecular library as well as reactivity database of novel trifluoromethylation reagents for synthetic chemists. According to the and ΔG‡RD(XH˙+) values, all the XHs can be reasonably divided into 3 classes, including class 1 (excellent trifluoromethylation reagents), class 2 (potential trifluoromethylation reagents) and class 3 (not trifluoromethylation reagents). To our delight, 15 XHs with a 1,4-dihydropyridine structure and 3 XHs with a 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one structure are identified to be novel excellent and potential trifluoromethylation reagents, respectively, according to their reactivity data. The relationship between the structural features, including methylation, heteroatom, substituents, conjugated structure and so on, and the reactivity of XHs as trifluoromethylation reagents are also discussed in this work. The computation results indicate that trifluoromethyl-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one analogues could be possible trifluoromethylation reagents in organic synthesis. This work may provide the theoretical basis and references for discovering organic hydride compounds as novel reagents for trifluoromethylation or other alkylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Shen
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yun Yu
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, P. R. China.
| | - Weilong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Li Xie
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Maocai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, P. R. China.
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