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Maikhuri VK, Mathur D, Chaudhary A, Kumar R, Parmar VS, Singh BK. Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines: Recent Advances, Mechanism, Scope and Future Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:4. [PMID: 38296918 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Pyrimidine is a pharmacologically important moiety that exhibits diverse biological activities. This review reflects the growing significance of transition metal-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of pyrimidines (with no discussion being made on the transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrimidines). The effect of different catalysts on the selectivity/yields of pyrimidines and catalyst recyclability (wherever applicable) are described, together with attempts to illustrate the role of the catalyst through mechanisms. Although several methods have been researched for synthesizing this privileged scaffold, there has been a considerable push to expand transition metal-catalyzed, sustainable, efficient and selective synthetic strategies leading to pyrimidines. The aim of the authors with this update (2017-2023) is to drive the designing of new transition metal-mediated protocols for pyrimidine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Mathur
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Nanoscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center and Department of Chemistry, City College & Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Cao S, Li H, Teng X, Si H, Chen R, Zhu Y. Access to Fully Substituted Dihydropyrimidines via Dual Copper/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Domino Annulation of Oxime Esters and Imines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cao S, Yuan W, Li Y, Teng X, Si H, Chen R, Zhu Y. Photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters with TMSCN: access to antifungal active tetrasubstituted pyrazines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7200-7203. [PMID: 35671164 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters with TMSCN has been developed. A range of structurally novel tetrasubstituted pyrazines have been obtained. This method features high bond-forming efficiency, high step economy, broad substrate scope, and gram-scale synthesis. Moreover, preliminary bioactivity evaluation of pyrazine products shows their promising antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Weidong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Xinjie Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Huaxing Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Rongshun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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Cao S, Ma C, Teng X, Chen R, Li Y, Yuan W, Zhu Y. Facile synthesis of fully substituted 1 H-imidazoles from oxime esters via dual photoredox/copper catalyzed multicomponent reactions. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters, aldehydes, and amines has been achieved, affording a broad range of fully substituted 1H-imidazoles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chongchong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinjie Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongshun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weidong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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