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Stanisavljević A, Aleksić J, Stojanović M, Baranac-Stojanović M. Solid-state synthesis of polyfunctionalized 2-pyridones and conjugated dienes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7218-7230. [PMID: 39163014 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Functionalized 2-pyridones are important biologically active compounds, DNA base analogues and synthetic intermediates. Herein, we report a simple, green, solid-state synthesis of differently substituted 2-pyridones. It starts from commercially available amines and activated alkynes, uses silica gel (15%Cs2CO3/SiO2) as the solid phase and a reaction vial as the only equipment. If necessary, heating is performed in a laboratory oven. Since most reactions are completed within a few hours, no additional energy consumption is required. The syntheses do not require solvents and other reagents and are easily monitored by standard analytical techniques. The atom economy is high, since all atoms of reactants are present in the products and EtOH is the only by-product. The syntheses produce polyfunctionalized conjugated dienes as the only intermediates, which are also important building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Stanisavljević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - Center for Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - Center for Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Fogos WF, Lessa MD, de Carvalho da Silva F, de Carneiro JWM. Mechanistic insights into C(sp 2)-H activation in 1-Phenyl-4-vinyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives: a theoretical study with palladium acetate catalyst. J Mol Model 2024; 30:183. [PMID: 38782773 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The activation of C-H bonds is a fundamental process in synthetic organic chemistry, which enables their replacement by highly reactive functional groups. Coordination compounds serve as effective catalysts for this purpose, as they facilitate chemical transformations by interacting with C-H bonds. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of activation of this type of bond lays the foundation for the development of efficient protocols for cross-coupling reactions. We explored the activation of C(sp2)-H bonds in 1-Phenyl-4-vinyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives with CH3, OCH3, and NO2 substituents in the para position of the phenyl ring, using palladium acetate as catalyst. The studied reaction is the first step for subsequent conjugation of the triazoles with naphthoquinones in a Heck-type reaction to create a C-C bond. The basic nitrogen atoms of the 1,2,3-triazole coordinate preferentially with the cationic palladium center to form an activated species. A concerted proton transfer from the terminal vinyl carbon to one of the acetate ligands with low activation energy is the main step for the C(sp2)-H activation. This study offers significant mechanistic insights for enhancing the effectiveness of C(sp2)-H activation protocols in organic synthesis. METHODS All calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 software package and density functional theory (DFT). The structures of all reaction path components were fully optimized using the CAM-B3LYP functional with the Def2-SVP basis set. The optimized geometries were analyzed by computing the second-order Hessian matrix to confirm that the corresponding minimum or transition state was located. To account for solvent effects, the Polarizable Continuum Model of the Integral Equation Formalism (IEFPCM) with water as the solvent was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner F Fogos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Milena D Lessa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro de São João Batista-, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Zheng L, Shi L, Che X, Zhang Z, Xiang J. Modular Approach to Highly Substituted 3-Methylpyridones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7076-7083. [PMID: 38701135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A method has been developed for the rapid synthesis of highly substituted 3-methylpyridones via the condensation of Baylis-Hillman amines and ketones under benzoic acid catalysis. The process features readily available starting materials, broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, excellent regioselectivity, and gram-scale synthesis. We envision that this on-demand construction of 3-methylpyridones will provide exciting opportunities in biological research, therapeutics, and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Lianyou Zheng
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Shi
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xin Che
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Xiang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
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Zhu C, Zhou J, Li T, Yang J, Jin H, Zhang L. Access to 2-pyridinones comprising enaminonitriles via AgOAc promoted cascade reactions of thioesters with aminomethylene malononitriles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6881-6885. [PMID: 37486037 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of 2-pyridinones containing enaminonitriles from thioesters with aminomethylene malononitriles is achieved through an AgOAc-promoted acylation/cyclization/tautomerization cascade reaction. Control experiments reveal that AgOAc acts as a versatile promoter, activating both thioester and cyano groups while also serving as a Brønsted base in the cascade sequence. Moreover, 2-pyridinones were transformed into biologically significant 2-pyridinone-fused 2-pyrimidones with intriguing fluorescence emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, People's Republic of China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jubao Zhou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianxing Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Jin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, People's Republic of China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China.
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Liu J, Jia X, Huang L. Sulfilimines as Transformable and Retainable Directing Groups in Rhodium-Catalyzed ortho-C-H Bond Functionalization. Org Lett 2022; 24:6772-6776. [PMID: 36098745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shown herein is the first time that the sulfilimine is utilized as a directing group for Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation with intermolecular and intramolecular alkyne compounds. Sulfilimine serves as a transformable directing group, an internal oxidant, in the annulation with an alkyne moiety via N-S bond cleavage. Notably, the retention of sulfilimine as a directing group is also achieved in the Rh(III)-catalyzed ortho-alkynylation with alkyne bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Liangbin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Saiegh T, Meyer C, Cossy J. Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Heteroannulations of 3‐Sulfolene Derivatives via C(sp2)–H Activation. Access to Pyridine ortho‑Quinodimethane Precursors. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Saiegh
- ESPCI Paris Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials FRANCE
| | - Christophe Meyer
- ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University Laboratory of Organic Chemsitry 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 PARIS FRANCE
| | - Janine Cossy
- ESPCI: ESPCI Paris Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials PARIS FRANCE
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Suzuki H, Ito Y, Matsuda T. Rhodium-Catalyzed C6-Selective Alkoxycarbonylation of Pyridones. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601
| | - Takanori Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601
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