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Cho J, Weck M, Hwang S, Jang SS. Multiscale Modeling Approach for the Aldol Addition Reaction in Multicompartment Micelle-Based Nanoreactor. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10067-10076. [PMID: 37956390 PMCID: PMC10683011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Water has emerged as a versatile solvent for organic chemistry in recent years due to its abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, one of the most important reactions, the aldol reaction, in the presence of excess water exhibits low yields and poor enantioselectivities. In this regard, we have employed a multiscale modeling approach to investigate the aldol addition reaction catalyzed by l-proline in the hydrophobic compartment of multicompartment micelle (MCM) nanoreactor consisting of amphiphilic bottlebrush copolymer, which minimizes the water content at the reactive site. Through performing dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation, it is found that the "clover-like" morphology of the MCM is formed from multiblock copolymer with a sequence of ethylene oxide-based hydrophilic blocks, styrene lipophilic blocks, l-proline catalyst blocks, and a pentafluorostyrene fluorophilic block in aqueous media. We find that the vicinity of the catalyst in the clover-like MCM has a low dielectric environment, which could facilitate the aldol addition reaction. Our DFT calculations demonstrate that the asymmetric aldol addition of l-proline-catalyzed acetone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde is energetically more favorable under the low dielectric environment in MCM compared with other commonly used solvents such as DMSO, water, and vacuum condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Cho
- Computational
NanoBio Technology Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Sungu Hwang
- Department
of Nanomechatronics Engineering, Pusan National
University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Seung Soon Jang
- Computational
NanoBio Technology Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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2
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Ahmed E, Cho J, Jang SS, Weck M. Nonorthogonal Cascade Catalysis in Multicompartment Micelles. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301231. [PMID: 37183699 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Multicompartment micelles (MCMs) containing acid and base sites in discrete domains are prepared from poly(norbornene)-based amphiphilic bottlebrush copolymers in aqueous media. The acid and base sites are localized in different compartments of the micelle, enabling the nonorthogonal reaction sequence: deacetalization - Knoevenagel condensation - Michael addition of acetals to 2-amino chromene derivatives. Computational simulations using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) elucidated the bottlebrush composition required to effectively site-isolate the nonorthogonal catalysts. This contribution presents MCMs as a new class of nanostructures for one-pot multistep nonorthogonal cascade catalysis, laying the groundwork for the isolation of three or more incompatible catalysts to synthesize value-added compounds in a single reaction vessel, in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ahmed
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Jinwon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Seung Soon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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3
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Adzhieva OA, Gringolts ML, Denisova YI, Shandryuk GA, Litmanovich EA, Nikiforov RY, Belov NA, Kudryavtsev YV. Effect of Chain Structure on the Various Properties of the Copolymers of Fluorinated Norbornenes with Cyclooctene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092157. [PMID: 37177303 PMCID: PMC10180767 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated polymers are attractive due to their special thermal, surface, gas separation, and other properties. In this study, new diblock, multiblock, and random copolymers of cyclooctene with two fluorinated norbornenes, 5-perfluorobutyl-2-norbornene and N-pentafluorophenyl-exo-endo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide, are synthesized by ring-opening metathesis copolymerization and macromolecular cross-metathesis in the presence of the first- to third-generation Grubbs' Ru-catalysts. Their thermal, surface, bulk, and solution characteristics are investigated and compared using differential scanning calorimetry, water contact angle measurements, gas permeation, and light scattering, respectively. It is demonstrated that they are correlated with the chain structure of the copolymers. The properties of multiblock copolymers are generally closer to those of diblock copolymers than of random ones, which can be explained by the presence of long blocks capable of self-organization. In particular, diblock and multiblock fluorine-imide-containing copolymers show a tendency to form micelles in chloroform solutions well below the overlap concentration. The results obtained may be of interest to a wide range of researchers involved in the design of functional copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Adzhieva
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria L Gringolts
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia I Denisova
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgiy A Shandryuk
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Litmanovich
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Yu Nikiforov
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Belov
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V Kudryavtsev
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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4
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Ahmed E, Cho J, Friedmann L, Jang SS, Weck M. Catalytically Active Multicompartment Micelles. JACS AU 2022; 2:2316-2326. [PMID: 36311828 PMCID: PMC9597600 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the self-assembly behavior of multicompartment micelles (MCMs) in water into morphologies with multiple segregated domains and their use as supports for aqueous catalysis. A library of poly(norbornene)-based amphiphilic bottlebrush copolymers containing covalently attached l-proline in the hydrophobic, styrene, and pentafluorostyrene domains and a poly(ethylene glycol)-containing repeat unit as the hydrophilic block have been synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Interaction parameter (χ) values between amphiphilic blocks were determined using a Flory-Huggins-based computational model. The morphologies of the MCMs are observed via cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and modeled using dissipative particle dynamic simulations. The catalytic activities of these MCM nanoreactors were systematically investigated using the aldol addition between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone in water as a model reaction. MCMs present an ideal environment for catalysis by providing control over water content and enhancing interactions between the catalytic sites and the aldehyde substrate, thereby forming the aldol product in high yields and selectivities that is otherwise not possible under aqueous conditions. Catalyst location, block ratio, and functionality have substantial influences on micelle morphology and, ultimately, catalytic efficiency. "Clover-like" and "core-shell" micelle morphologies displayed the best catalytic activity. Our MCM-based catalytic system expands the application of these nanostructures beyond selective storage of guest molecules and demonstrates the importance of micelle morphology on catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ahmed
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jinwon Cho
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Lulu Friedmann
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Seung Soon Jang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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5
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Adzhieva OA, Nikiforov RY, Gringolts ML, Belov NA, Filatova MP, Denisova YI, Kudryavtsev YV. Synthesis and Gas Separation Properties of Metathesis Poly(5-perfluorobutyl-2-norbornene). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22700262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang LX, Liu YC, Cho CH, Chen YR, Yang CS, Lu YL, Zhang Z, Tsai YT, Chin YC, Yu J, Pan HM, Jiang WR, Chia ZC, Huang WS, Chiu YL, Sun CK, Huang YT, Chen LM, Wong KT, Huang HM, Chen CH, Chang YJ, Huang CC, Liu TM. A universal strategy for the fabrication of single-photon and multiphoton NIR nanoparticles by loading organic dyes into water-soluble polymer nanosponges. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:311. [PMID: 35794602 PMCID: PMC9258130 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of optical organic nanoparticles (NPs) is desirable and widely studied. However, most organic dyes are water-insoluble such that the derivatization and modification of these dyes are difficult. Herein, we demonstrated a simple platform for the fabrication of organic NPs designed with emissive properties by loading ten different organic dyes (molar masses of 479.1-1081.7 g/mol) into water-soluble polymer nanosponges composed of poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSMA). The result showed a substantial improvement over the loading of commercial dyes (3.7-50% loading) while preventing their spontaneous aggregation in aqueous solutions. This packaging strategy includes our newly synthesized organic dyes (> 85% loading) designed for OPVs (242), DSSCs (YI-1, YI-3, YI-8), and OLEDs (ADF-1-3, and DTDPTID) applications. These low-cytotoxicity organic NPs exhibited tunable fluorescence from visible to near-infrared (NIR) emission for cellular imaging and biological tracking in vivo. Moreover, PSMA NPs loaded with designed NIR-dyes were fabricated, and photodynamic therapy with these dye-loaded PSMA NPs for the photolysis of cancer cells was achieved when coupled with 808 nm laser excitation. Indeed, our work demonstrates a facile approach for increasing the biocompatibility and stability of organic dyes by loading them into water-soluble polymer-based carriers, providing a new perspective of organic optoelectronic materials in biomedical theranostic applications.
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Grants
- MOST 108-2113-M-006-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 109-2113-M-029-009 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 109-2113-M-032-002 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2112-M-003-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 108-2113-M-006-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 108-2113-M-006-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2221-E-002-013 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 109-2113-M-032-002 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 108-2113-M-006-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 108-2113-M-006-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 108-2113-M-006-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 109-2113-M-029-009 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2221-E-002-013 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 107-2113-M-002-019-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 107-2113-M-002-019-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 107-2113-M-002-019-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2112-M-003-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 109-2113-M-032-002 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 109-2113-M-029-009 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 108-2113-M-006-012-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MYRG2018-00070-FHS Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, the internal funding of the University of Macau
- MYRG2018-00070-FHS Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, the internal funding of the University of Macau
- MYRG2018-00070-FHS Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, the internal funding of the University of Macau
- MYRG2018-00070-FHS Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, the internal funding of the University of Macau
- 122/2016/A3 The Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR
- 122/2016/A3 The Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR
- 122/2016/A3 The Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR
- 122/2016/A3 The Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xing Yang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Chang-Hui Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Rou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 25137, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Shan Yang
- Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lin Lu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yi-Tseng Tsai
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chin
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Min Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 25137, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Rou Jiang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Chun Chia
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiang Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Min Huang
- Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 25137, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan Jay Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chia Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
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