1
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Zhang S, Yi J, Chen J, Li Y, Liu B, Lu Z. Weldable, Reprocessable, and Water-resistant Polybenzoxazine Vitrimer Crosslinked by Dynamic Imine Bonds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301708. [PMID: 38436577 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Traditional polybenzoxazine thermosets cannot be reprocessed or recycled due to the permanent crosslinked networks. The dynamic exchangeable characteristics of imine bonds can impart the networks with reprocessabilities and recyclabilities. This study reported a weldable, reprocessable, and water-resistant polybenzoxazine vitrimer (C-ABZ) crosslinked by dynamic imine bonds. It was synthesized through a condensation reaction between an aldehyde-containing benzoxazine oligomer (O-ABZ) and 1,12-dodecanediamine. The resulting C-ABZ was able to be welded and reprocessed due to the dynamic exchange of imine bonds. The tensile strengths of the welded C-ABZ and the reprocessed C-ABZ after three cycles of hot-pressing were 76.7, 81.3, 70.8, and 58.1 Mpa, with corresponding tensile strength recovery ratios of 74.1 %, 78.6 %, 68.4 %, and 56.1 %, respectively. Furthermore, the polybenzoxazine backbone significantly improved the water resistance of the imine bonds. After immersing in water for 30 days at room temperature, the weight gain of C-ABZ was less than 1 % with corresponding tensile strength and tensile strength retention ratio of 59.5 Mpa and 57.5 %, respectively. Although the heat resistance of C-ABZ decreased slightly with increased hot-pressing cycles, a glass transition temperature (Tg, tanδ) of 150 °C was retained after the third hot-pressing. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the C-ABZ possesses excellent comprehensive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Yi
- Institute of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company PetroChina, Lanzhou, 730060, P. R. China
| | - Jiming Chen
- Institute of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company PetroChina, Lanzhou, 730060, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company PetroChina, Lanzhou, 730060, P. R. China
| | - Baoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zaijun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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2
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Adjaoud A, Marcolini B, Dieden R, Puchot L, Verge P. Deciphering the Self-Catalytic Mechanisms of Polymerization and Transesterification in Polybenzoxazine Vitrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13367-13376. [PMID: 38696347 PMCID: PMC11100009 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of internal catalysts has emerged as a pivotal design principle to facilitate dynamic exchanges within covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Polybenzoxazines, specifically, have shown considerable potential in generating vitrimers through thermally induced transesterification reactions catalyzed internally by tertiary amines. This study aims to investigate the chemical complexities of transesterification reactions within benzoxazine vitrimers. To achieve this, model molecules using various phenolic acids and amino-alcohol derivatives were synthesized as precursors. The structure of these model molecules was fully elucidated by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology experiments evidenced the accelerated network formation of the precursors due to the presence of aliphatic -OH groups. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with microcomputed gas chromatography (TGA-μGC) was used to provide evidence of transesterification reactions. The results showed that the spatial proximity between tertiary amine and hydroxyl groups significantly enhances the rate exchange, attributed to a neighboring group participation (NGP) effect. Interestingly, kinetic experiments using complementary NMR techniques revealed the thermal latency of the tertiary amine of benzoxazine toward transesterification reactions as its opening is needed to trigger the dynamic exchange. The study highlights the crucial role of steric hindrance and tertiary amine basicity in promoting the dynamic exchange in an internally catalyzed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Adjaoud
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
- University
of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue
de Université, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4365, Luxembourg
| | - Benoit Marcolini
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Reiner Dieden
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Laura Puchot
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Verge
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
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3
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Catalyst-free reprocessable, degradable and intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy vitrimer for carbon fiber reinforced composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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4
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Recent advances in the development of green furan ring-containing polymeric materials based on renewable plant biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:836-862. [PMID: 36562482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fossil resources are rapidly depleting, forcing researchers in various fields of chemistry and materials science to switch to the use of renewable sources and the development of corresponding technologies. In this regard, the field of sustainable materials science is experiencing an extraordinary surge of interest in recent times due to the significant advances made in the development of new polymers with desired and controllable properties. This review summarizes important scientific reports in recent times dedicated to the synthesis, construction and computational studies of novel sustainable polymeric materials containing unchanged (pseudo)aromatic furan cores in their structure. Linear polymers for thermoplastics, branched polymers for thermosets and other crosslinked materials are emerging materials to highlight. Various polymer blends and composites based on sustainable polyfurans are also considered as pathways to achieve high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, Tula, 300012, Russia.,Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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5
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Lee G, Song HY, Choi S, Kim CB, Hyun K, Ahn SK. Harnessing β-Hydroxyl Groups in Poly(β-Amino Esters) toward Robust and Fast Reprocessing Covalent Adaptable Networks. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyuri Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Yong Song
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Subi Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Bin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-kyun Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
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6
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Mahaninia MH, Yan N. Catalyst-free pH-responsive chitosan-based dynamic covalent framework materials. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Liu Y, Yu Z, Xu X, Wang B, Feng H, Li P, Zhu J, Ma S. Crystallizable Aliphatic Chains Enhanced Covalent Adaptable Networks: Fast Reprocessing and Improved Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200379. [PMID: 35730398 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) exhibit recyclability such as reprocessing, but it's a challenge to address the contradiction between reprocessing rate and performance. Here we innovatively introduce pendent aliphatic chain anhydride monoesters into epoxy CANs based on transesterification, which efficiently accelerates the reprocessing without sacrificing thermal and mechanical properties. The transesterification rate is raised on account of the flexible aliphatic chain-promoted segment movement and dynamic transfer auto-catalysis. When the carbon number reflecting the length of the pendent chain is 12, the epoxy CAN exhibits the fastest stress relaxation or reprocessing. Computation via molecular dynamics simulation demonstrates that the increased segmental mobility from the pendent aliphatic chains contributes to the enhanced reprocessability. Interestingly, the crystallization of the pendent aliphatic chains maintains or even improves the thermal and mechanical properties. Thus, introducing flexible and crystallizable aliphatic side chain is an innovative and efficient approach to accelerate dynamic reactions and network arrangement while improving performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Binbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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8
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Abdur Rashid M, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review of reversible dynamic bonds containing intrinsically flame retardant biomass thermosets. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Reprocessable Polybenzoxazine Thermosets with High T gs and Mechanical Strength Retentions Using Boronic Ester Bonds as Crosslinkages. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112234. [PMID: 35683905 PMCID: PMC9182748 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain reprocessable polybenzoxazine thermosets with high heat resistance and mechanical strength retentions, network structures without irreversible parts were constructed via crosslinking benzoxazine oligomers using boronic ester cross-linkers. Firstly, the benzoxazine monomer containing carbon–carbon double bonds was synthesized via the Mannich reaction. After thermal ring-opening polymerization, the benzoxazine oligomer containing carbon–carbon double bonds (OBZ) was yielded. Through the thiol-ene click reaction of the OBZ and dithiol cross-linker bearing boronic ester bonds, the polybenzoxazine thermosets using boronic ester bonds as crosslinkages (OBZ-BDB) were successfully synthesized. The structures of OBZ and OBZ-BDB were characterized by SEC, 1H NMR, and FT-IR measurements. Reprocessing experiments showed that OBZ-BDB has remarkable reprocessability. The retention rates of the tensile strengths through three generations of reprocessing were 98%, 95%, and 84%, respectively. Meanwhile, OBZ-BDB cross-linked by boronic ester bonds had brilliant thermal properties. The Tg of the original OBZ-BDB was 224 °C. With the increase of the reprocessing generations, the Tgs basically remained unchanged.
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10
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Rashid MA, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review on intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets enabled through covalent bonds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdur Rashid
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology Gazipur‐1707 Bangladesh
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
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11
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Mohamed MG, Li CJ, Khan MAR, Liaw CC, Zhang K, Kuo SW. Formaldehyde-Free Synthesis of Fully Bio-Based Multifunctional Bisbenzoxazine Resins from Natural Renewable Starting Materials. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Mo Aqib Raza Khan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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12
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Wen Z, Bonnaud L, Dubois P, Raquez J. Catalyst‐free reprocessable crosslinked biobased
polybenzoxazine‐polyurethane
based on dynamic carbamate chemistry. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Leïla Bonnaud
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Jean‐Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons Mons Belgium
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13
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Cuminet F, Berne D, Lemouzy S, Dantras E, Joly-Duhamel C, Caillol S, Leclerc E, Ladmiral V. Catalyst-free transesterification vitrimers: activation via α -difluoroesters. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transesterification vitrimers often require high catalyst loadings to achieve 3D networks reprocessable at moderately high temperature. The addition of an activating group close to the ester bonds allows to synthesize...
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14
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Tavernier R, Granado L, Tillard M, Van Renterghem L, Métro TX, Lamaty F, Bonnaud L, Raquez JM, David G, Caillol S. Solvent-free synthesis of a formaldehyde-free benzoxazine monomer: study of its curing acceleration effect for commercial benzoxazine. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00462c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 2-substituted benzoxazine bearing a phenol was blended with commercial benzoxazine for improving curing and thermomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Tavernier
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials, Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Lérys Granado
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Louis Van Renterghem
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials, Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | - Leïla Bonnaud
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials, Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials, Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ghislain David
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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15
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Gulyuz S, Yagci Y, Kiskan B. Exploiting the Reversible Covalent Bonding of Boronic Acids for Self-Healing/Recycling of Main-Chain Polybenzoxazines. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00068g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new strategy for the synthesis of self-healable/recyable polybenzoxazine networks under mild conditions, by exploiting dynamic B–O bond exchanges is presented. The process is based on mixing...
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16
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Haubold TS, Puchot L, Adjaoud A, Verge P, Koschek K. Bio-Based Bisbenzoxazines with Flame Retardant Linker. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4330. [PMID: 34960884 PMCID: PMC8707438 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the strategy of incorporating a highly substituted reactive flame retardant into a benzoxazine moiety. For this purpose, a DOPO-based flame retardant received a chain extension via reaction with ethylene carbonate. It was then reacted with phloretic acid to obtain a diphenol end-capped molecule, and further reacted with furfurylamine and paraformaldehyde to obtain a benzoxazine monomer via a Mannich-like ring closure reaction. This four-step synthesis yielded a partly bio-based halogen-free flame retardant benzoxazine monomer (DOPO-PA-fa). The successful synthesis was proven via NMR, IR and MS analysis. The polymerization behavior was monitored by DSC and rheological analysis both showing the polymerization starts at 200 °C to yield pDOPO-PA-fa. pDOPO-PA-fa has a significant thermal stability with a residual mass of 30% at 800 °C under ambient atmosphere. Furthermore, it reached a V-0 rating against small flames and an OI of 35%. Blended with other benzoxazines, it significantly improves their thermal stability and fire resistance. It emphasizes its potential as flame retardant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Sören Haubold
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
- Department 2 Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura Puchot
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (L.P.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Antoine Adjaoud
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (L.P.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 2, Avenue de l’Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Verge
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (L.P.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Katharina Koschek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
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17
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Forchetti Casarino A, Moreno A, Galià M, Estenoz DA, Lligadas G, Spontón ME. Tetramethyl guanidine‐assisted synthesis and thermal crosslinking of multifunctional benzoxazine monomers based on natural phloretic acid. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Forchetti Casarino
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) CONICET Ruta Nacional 168 (Km. 0) Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Adrián Moreno
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades Marcel.lí Domingo 1 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Marina Galià
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades Marcel.lí Domingo 1 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Diana A. Estenoz
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) CONICET Ruta Nacional 168 (Km. 0) Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santiago del Estero 2829 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades Marcel.lí Domingo 1 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Marisa E. Spontón
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) CONICET Ruta Nacional 168 (Km. 0) Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santiago del Estero 2829 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
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18
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Monisha M, Sahu S, Lochab B. Self-Polymerization Promoting Monomers: In Situ Transformation of Disulfide-Linked Benzoxazines into the Thiazolidine Structure. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4408-4421. [PMID: 34582169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polybenzoxazines obtained especially from green synthons are facing challenges of the requirement of high ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature of the monomer, thus affecting their exploration at the industrial front. This demands effective structural changes in the monomer itself, to mediate catalyst-free polymerization at a low energy via one-step synthesis protocol. In this regard, monomers based on disulfide-linked bisbenzoxazine were successfully synthesized using cystamine (biobased) and cardanol (agro-waste)/phenol. Reduction of the disulfide bridge in the monomer using dithiothreitol under mild conditions in situ transformed the oxazine ring in the monomer, via neighboring group participation of the -SH group in a transient intermediate monomer, into a thiazolidine structure, which is otherwise difficult to synthesize. Structural transformation of ring-opening followed by the ring-closing intramolecular reaction led to an interconversion of O-CH2-N containing a six-membered oxazine ring to S-CH2-N containing a five-membered thiazolidine ring and a phenolic-OH. The structure of the monomer with the oxazine ring and its congener with the thiazolidine ring was characterized by spectroscopic methods and X-ray analysis. Kinetics of structural transformation at a molecular level is studied in detail, and it was found that the reaction proceeded via a transient 2-aminoethanethiol-linked benzoxazine intermediate, as supported by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and density functional theory studies. The thiazolidine-ring-containing monomer promotes ROP at a substantially low temperature than the reported mono-/bisoxazine monomers due to the dual mode of facilitation of the ROP reaction, both by phenolic-OH and by ring strain. Surprisingly, both the monomer structures led to the formation of a similar polymer structure, as supported by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared study. The current work highlights the benefits of inherent functionalities in naturally sourced feedstocks as biosynthons for the new latest generation of benzoxazine monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Monisha
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sangeeta Sahu
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Bimlesh Lochab
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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Liu Y, Sheng W, Yin R, Zhang K. Propargylamine: an attractive amine source for designing high-performance benzoxazine resins with low polymerization temperatures. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzoxazine resins using propargylamine as the amine source were synthesized to achieve highly thermally stable thermosets with low polymerization temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weichen Sheng
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ren Yin
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Abstract
Photo-induced cationic ring opening reactions were performed on main chain polybenzoxazine precursors using iodonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Deliballi
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Xu X, Ma S, Feng H, Qiu J, Wang S, Yu Z, Zhu J. Dissociate transfer exchange of tandem dynamic bonds endows covalent adaptable networks with fast reprocessability and high performance. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01045j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A covalent adaptable network combining continuous reprocessability and high performance was achieved via dissociate transfer exchange (DTE) of tandem dynamic bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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