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Mandal H, Giri SK, Jovanovski S, Varnavski O, Zagorska M, Ganczarczyk R, Chiang TM, Schatz GC, Goodson T. Impact of Classical and Quantum Light on Donor-Acceptor-Donor Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:9493-9501. [PMID: 39255459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Investigations of entangled and classical two-photon absorption have been carried out for six donor (D)-acceptor (A)-donor (D) compounds containing the dithieno pyrrole (DTP) unit as donor and acceptors with systematically varied electronic properties. Comparing ETPA (quantum) and TPA (classical) results reveals that the ETPA cross section decreases with increasing TPA cross section for molecules with highly off-resonant excited states for single-photon excitation. Theory (TDDFT) results are in semiquantitative agreement with this anticorrelated behavior due to the dependence of the ETPA cross section but not TPA on the two-photon excited state lifetime. The largest cross section is found for a DTP derivative that has a single photon excitation energy closest to resonance with half the two-photon excitation energy. These results are important for the possible use of quantum light for low-intensity energy-conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haraprasad Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sajal Kumar Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sara Jovanovski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Oleg Varnavski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Malgorzata Zagorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Ganczarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tse-Min Chiang
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Vogt A, Stümpges F, Bajrami J, Baumgarten D, Millan J, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. Tunable Regioselectivity in C-H-Activated Direct Arylation Reactions of Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrroles. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301867. [PMID: 37667450 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, regioselectively controlled direct arylation of dithieno[3,2-b:2,3'-d]pyrroles (DTPs) is reported. By carefully selecting the catalytic system, Pd source, ligand, and additives, we achieved either selective N-arylation or unprecedented β-arylation and β,β'-diarylation of the DTP core through C-H activation when reacting unsubstituted H-DTP with 9-anthracenyl halides. For N-substituted DTPs, we obtained regioselective carboxylate-assisted arylation of the α-position(s). Consequently, depending on the catalytic system and substitution at the DTP nitrogen, we successfully synthesized novel regioselectively substituted DTPs, including N-aryl, rarely reported β-aryl, β,β'-diaryl, α-aryl, and α,α'-diaryl scaffolds. These compounds can be straightforwardly prepared and further functionalized for applications as organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Vogt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Stümpges
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessi Bajrami
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumgarten
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Judith Millan
- Dpto. de Química - Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño-La Rioja, España
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Rybakiewicz-Sekita R, Toman P, Ganczarczyk R, Drapala J, Ledwon P, Banasiewicz M, Skorka L, Matyjasiak A, Zagorska M, Pron A. D-A-D Compounds Combining Dithienopyrrole Donors and Acceptors of Increasing Electron-Withdrawing Capability: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Electropolymerization, and Electrochromism. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4089-4105. [PMID: 35616402 PMCID: PMC9189846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Five D-π-A-π-D compounds consisting of the same donor unit (dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole, DTP), the same π-linker (2,5-thienylene), and different acceptors of increasing electron-withdrawing ability (1,3,4-thiadiazole (TD), benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTD), 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP), 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (TZ), and benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (NDI)) were synthesized. DTP-TD, DTP-BTD, and DTP-DPP turned out to be interesting luminophores emitting either yellow (DTP-TD) or near-infrared (DTP-BTD and DTP-DPP) radiation in dichloromethane solutions. The emission bands were increasingly bathochromically shifted with increasing solvent polarity. Electrochemically determined electron affinities (|EA|s) were found to be strongly dependent on the nature of the acceptor changing from 2.86 to 3.84 eV for DTP-TD and DTP-NDI, respectively, while the ionization potential (IP) values varied only weakly. Experimental findings were strongly supported by theoretical calculations, which correctly predicted the observed solvent dependence of the emission spectra. Similarly, the calculated IP and EA values were in excellent agreement with the experiment. DTP-TD, DTP-BTD, DTP-TZ, and DTP-NDI could be electropolymerized to yield polymers of very narrow electrochemical band gap and characterized by redox states differing in color coordinates and lightness. Poly(DTP-NDI) and poly(DTP-TD) showed promising electrochromic behavior, not only providing a rich color palette in the visible but also exhibiting near-infrared (NIR) electrochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rybakiewicz-Sekita
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski
University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Petr Toman
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of
Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Ganczarczyk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Drapala
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/44, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skorka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Matyjasiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zagorska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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