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Wang Y, Lai J, Gao R, Gou Q, Li B, Zheng G, Zhang R, Yue Q, Song Z, Guo Z. Recent Advances in Nickel Catalysts with Industrial Exploitability for Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1676. [PMID: 38932025 PMCID: PMC11207433 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers to produce functional polyolefins continues to be highly appealing due to its simple operation process and controllable product microstructure. Low-cost nickel catalysts have been extensively utilized in academia for the synthesis of polar polyethylenes. However, the development of high-temperature copolymerization catalysts suitable for industrial production conditions remains a significant challenge. Classified by the resultant copolymers, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress in nickel complex catalyzed ethylene-polar monomer copolymerization at elevated temperatures in the past five years. The polymerization results of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-tert-butyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-other fundamental polar monomer copolymers, and ethylene-special polar monomer copolymers are thoroughly summarized. The involved nickel catalysts include the phosphine-phenolate type, bisphosphine-monoxide type, phosphine-carbonyl type, phosphine-benzenamine type, and the phosphine-enolate type. The effective modulation of catalytic activity, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, melting point, and polar monomer incorporation ratio by these catalysts is concluded and discussed. It reveals that the optimization of the catalyst system is mainly achieved through the methods of catalyst structure rational design, extra additive introduction, and single-site catalyst heterogenization. As a result, some outstanding catalysts are capable of producing polar polyethylenes that closely resemble commercial products. To achieve industrialization, it is essential to further emphasize the fundamental science of high-temperature copolymerization systems and the application performance of resultant polar polyethylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (J.L.); (R.G.); (Q.G.); (B.L.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zifang Guo
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (J.L.); (R.G.); (Q.G.); (B.L.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Z.S.)
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2
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Peng D, Xu M, Tan C, Chen C. Emulsion Polymerization Strategy for Heterogenization of Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Menghe Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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3
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Zong Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Jian Z. Polar-Functionalized Polyethylenes Enabled by Palladium-Catalyzed Copolymerization of Ethylene and Butadiene/Bio-Based Alcohol-Derived Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041044. [PMID: 36850326 PMCID: PMC9967981 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar-functionalized polyolefins are high-value materials with improved properties. However, their feedstocks generally come from non-renewable fossil products; thus, it requires the development of renewable bio-based monomers to produce functionalized polyolefins. In this contribution, via the Pd-catalyzed telomerization of 1,3-butadiene and three types of bio-based alcohols (furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and solketal), 2,7-octadienyl ether monomers including OC8-FUR, OC8-THF, and OC8-SOL were synthesized and characterized, respectively. The copolymerization of these monomers with ethylene catalyzed by phosphine-sulfonate palladium catalysts was further investigated. Microstructures of the resultant copolymers were analyzed by NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopy, revealing linear structures with incorporations of difunctionalized side chains bearing both allyl ether units and polar cyclic groups. Mechanical property studies exhibited better strain-at-break of these copolymers compared to the non-polar polyethylene, among which the copolymer E-FUR with the incorporation of 0.3 mol% displayed the highest strain-at-break and stress-at-break values of 940% and 35.9 MPa, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.J.)
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Xu M, Chen A, Li W, Li Y, Zou C, Chen C. Efficient Synthesis of Polar Functionalized Polyolefins with High Biomass Content. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Menghe Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yougui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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5
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Li K, Cui L, Zhang Y, Jian Z. Amide-Functionalized Polyolefins and Facile Post-Transformations. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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6
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Rational Design of Aldimine Imidazolidin-2-imine/Guanidine Nickel Catalysts for Norbornene (Co)Polymerizations with Enhanced Catalytic Performance. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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7
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‘Catalyst + X’ strategies for transition metal-catalyzed olefin-polar monomer copolymerization. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hu X, Wang C, Jian Z. Advances on Controlled Chain Walking and Suppression of Chain Transfer in Catalytic Olefin Polymerization. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yuxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Zhang R, Gao R, Gou Q, Lai J, Li X. Recent Advances in the Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Comonomers by Nickel Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183809. [PMID: 36145954 PMCID: PMC9500745 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The less-expensive and earth-abundant nickel catalyst is highly promising in the copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers and has thus attracted increasing attention in both industry and academia. Herein, we have summarized the recent advancements made in the state-of-the-art nickel catalysts with different types of ligands for ethylene copolymerization and how these modifications influence the catalyst performance, as well as new polymerization modulation strategies. With regard to α-diimine, salicylaldimine/ketoiminato, phosphino-phenolate, phosphine-sulfonate, bisphospnine monoxide, N-heterocyclic carbene and other unclassified chelates, the properties of each catalyst and fine modulation of key copolymerization parameters (activity, molecular weight, comonomer incorporation rate, etc.) are revealed in detail. Despite significant achievements, many opportunities and possibilities are yet to be fully addressed, and a brief outlook on the future development and long-standing challenges is provided.
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Late Transition Metal Catalysts with Chelating Amines for Olefin Polymerization. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12090936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyolefins are the most consumed polymeric materials extensively used in our daily life and are usually generated by coordination polymerization in the polyolefin industry. Olefin polymerization catalysts containing transition metal–organic compound combinations are undoubtedly crucial for the development of the polyolefin industry. The nitrogen donor atom has attracted considerable interest and is widely used in combination with the transition metal for the fine-tuning of the chemical environment around the metal center. In addition to widely reported olefin polymerization catalysts with imine and amide donors (sp2 hybrid N), late transition metal catalysts with chelating amine donors (sp3 hybrid N) for olefin polymerization have never been reviewed. In this review paper, we focus on late transition metal (Ni, Pd, Fe, and Co) catalysts with chelating amines for olefin polymerization. A variety of late transition metal catalysts bearing different neutral amine donors are surveyed for olefin polymerization, including amine–imine, amine–pyridine, α-diamine, and [N, N, N] tridentate ligands with amine donors. The relationship between catalyst structure and catalytic performance is also encompassed. This review aims to promote the design of late transition metal catalysts with unique chelating amine donors for the development of high-performance polyolefin materials.
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11
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Wang Y, Pang W, Zhang S, Tan C. Lewis Acids Modulation in Phosphine‐Sulfonate Palladium Catalyzed Ethylene Polymerization. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wenmin Pang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei Anhui China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei Anhui China
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12
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Karimi M, Arabi H, Sadjadi S. New advances in olefin homo and copolymerization using neutral, single component palladium/nickel complexes ligated by a phosphine-sulfonate. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Chu YK, Hu XQ, Zhang Y, Liu DJ, Zhang YX, Jian ZB. Influence of Backbone and Axial Substituent of Catalyst on α-Imino-ketone Nickel Mediated Ethylene (Co)Polymerization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Tan C, Zou C, Chen C. Material Properties of Functional Polyethylenes from Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Ethylene–Polar Monomer Copolymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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15
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Synthesis of functional polyethylene via scandium catalysted copolymerization of ethylene with triphenylamine- or carbazole-substituted styrene derivatives. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Xia J, Kou S, Zhang Y, Jian Z. Strategies cooperation on designing nickel catalysts to access ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Bai J, You W. Repurposing Mitsunobu Reactions as a Generic Approach toward Polyethylene Derivatives. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:33-38. [PMID: 35574803 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Broad scope of functionality and controllable degree of functionalization are intriguing goals for the development of polar-group-functionalized polyethylene materials. Herein, we propose a generic strategy of using widely available starting materials (i.e., poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), EVA) and mild Mitsunobu functionalization conditions to prepare over 30 polyethylene derivatives. No noble transition metal catalysts (e.g., Ru, Mo, Pd, etc.) or corrosive/explosive reagents (e.g., HBr, NaN3, C2H4, H2, etc.) are used in the synthesis, while functional groups such as azide, aldehyde, norbornene, and thiol can be easily installed, with tunable content as high as 18 mol %. Using this practical method, we successfully prepared polyethylene-derivatized membranes with excellent antimicrobial and fluorescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei You
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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Cui L, Chu YK, Liu DJ, Han YF, Mu HL, Jian ZB. Enhancement on Hemilabile Phosphine-Amide Palladium and Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene (Co)Polymerization with Polar Monomers Using a Cyclizing Strategy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Xia J, Kou S, Mu H, Jian Z. Slow-chain-walking polymerization of ethylene and highly chain-straightening polymerization of 1-hexene to access semicrystalline polyolefins. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Zhang Y, Jian Z. Polar additive triggered chain walking copolymerization of ethylene and fundamental polar monomers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of a polar additive efficiently triggers chain walking copolymerization of ethylene with a broad scope of fundamental polar monomers, which is long-sought in an α-diimine Pd(ii) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Palucci B, Zanchin G, Ricci G, Vendier L, Lorber C, Leone G. Vanadium-Catalyzed Terpolymerization of α,ω-Dienes with Ethylene and Cyclic Olefins: Ready Access to Polar-Functionalized Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Palucci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Giorgia Zanchin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, Toulouse 31077, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Christian Lorber
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, Toulouse 31077, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Giuseppe Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
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22
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Exploring steric effect of electron-donating group in palladium and nickel mediated ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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