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Arputharaj E, Singh S, Huang YH, Wu YR, Perumal K, Periyasami G, Chao YY, Dahms HU, Huang YL. Switchable metal extractant integrated miniaturized 3D-printed device: A semi-online multi-metal separation system for matrix-free ICP-MS analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1310:342672. [PMID: 38811131 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tackles the critical challenges in metal analysis by presenting an innovative miniaturized metal extraction device prototype. This device features a functional nanocomposite (FNC) enhanced 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) metal extractant (FNC@3D PLA). The research is motivated by the constraints of traditional solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods, specifically their limitations in handling competitive metal ion environments and matrix interference during inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. The designed prototype aims to overcome these challenges and enhance the extraction efficiency of diverse metals. RESULTS The FNC, designed to incorporate various functional groups critical for metal ion extraction efficiency, was meticulously engineered through the reaction of acid-treated and delaminated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (Thiol-gCN NSs) with 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The competitive metal ion extraction efficiency of FNC@3D PLA was demonstrated, showcasing notable limit of detection values of 3.2 ± 0.7 ng mL-1 and 8.57 ± 3.05 ng mL-1 for Cu and Ag, respectively. Furthermore, the miniaturized 3D-printed metal-preconcentration setup incorporating FNC@3D PLA exhibited favorable intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) percentage (%) values ranging from 1.23 to 8.6 for both Cu and Ag. Interday RSD % between 1.41 and 8.14 were observed under spiked real urine sample conditions. The sustainability and robustness of the proposed approach were underscored by substantial recovery % values exhibited by FNC@3D PLA, even after eight consecutive regeneration processes. SIGNIFICANCE This study significantly contributes to the advancement of analytical methodologies by providing a reliable and efficient platform for metal extraction and preconcentration in practical metal analysis applications. Developed FNC@3D PLA system demonstrates its potential to address the challenges associated with SPE in metal analysis, especially in complex sample matrices. We believe implications of this research can be extended to various fields, from environmental monitoring to clinical diagnostics, where accurate and reliable metal analysis is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuvel Arputharaj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shivangi Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Rong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 170A CBEC, 151 Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Govindasami Periyasami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Ying Chao
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yeou-Lih Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lu XJ, Yuan CZ, Chen S, Li JH, Ullah I, Qi M, Xu AW. Interlayer Potassium Single-Atom-Coordinated g-C 3N 4 for Significantly Boosted Visible Light Photocatalytic H 2 Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11067-11077. [PMID: 38739539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted considerable attention because it includes earth-abundant carbon and nitrogen elements and exhibits good chemical and thermal stability owing to the strong covalent interaction in its conjugated layer structure. However, bulk g-C3N4 has some disadvantages of low specific surface area, poor light absorption, rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, and insufficient active sites, which hinder its practical applications. In this study, we design and synthesize potassium single-atom (K SAs)-doped g-C3N4 porous nanosheets (CM-KX, where X represents the mass of KHP added) via supramolecular self-assembling and chemical cross-linking copolymerization strategies. The results show that the utilization of supramolecules as precursors can produce g-C3N4 nanosheets with reduced thickness, increased surface area, and abundant mesopores. In addition, the intercalation of K atoms within the g-C3N4 nitrogen pots through the formation of K-N bonds results in the reduction of the band gap and expansion of the visible-light absorption range. The optimized K-doped CM-K12 nanosheets achieve a specific surface area of 127 m2 g-1, which is 11.4 times larger than that of the pristine g-C3N4 nanosheets. Furthermore, the optimal CM-K12 sample exhibits the maximum H2 production rate of 127.78 μmol h-1 under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm), which is nearly 23 times higher than that of bare g-C3N4. This significant improvement of photocatalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic effects of the mesoporous structure and K SAs doping, which effectively increase the specific surface area, improve the visible-light absorption capacity, and facilitate the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Besides, the optimal sample shows good chemical stability for 20 h in the recycling experiments. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the introduction of K SAs significantly boosts the adsorption energy for water and decreases the activation energy barrier for the reduction of water to hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Lu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Zong Yuan
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Han Li
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ming Qi
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - An-Wu Xu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Yu W, Xiong Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y. Construction of carbon nitride/zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 heterojunctions on carbon fiber cloth as the photocatalyst for various pollutants removal and hydrogen production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 656:389-398. [PMID: 38000251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
With the macroscale and conductive carbon fiber cloth (CFC) as the substrate, the obtained self-supported photocatalysts hold great promise for enhancing the separation of generated carriers and the recyclability of catalysts, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance and practicality in various applications. Additionally, decorating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with ultrahigh surface area on the surface of effective semiconductors is a promising method to enhance the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance. Herein, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) as a typical MOFs was applied to modify carbon nitride (C3N4) on the surface of macroscale and conductive CFC. CFC/C3N4/ZIF-67 (4 × 4 cm2) was obtained by a thermal condensation-chemical bath deposition two-step route, and it shows superior adsorption and photocatalytic activity toward bisphenol A (BPA), levofloxacin (LVFX), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and good hydrogen evolution activity. Besides, the recycling test for four cycles indicates the high stability of CFC/C3N4/ZIF-67 with an easy recycling process. In this study, CFC/C3N4/ZIF-67 was prepared through the hydrothermal and chemical bath deposition two-step method, which enhances light absorption and photocatalytic performance, as well as recyclability for solving environmental and energy issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wenzhao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yanhua Xiong
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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Li Q, Zhou H, Tan M, Yang L, Hu X, Yang G, Du H, Wei Q, Wang Q. Rational design of BixFeyVO4/g-C3N4 heterojunction for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Li X, Li K, Ding D, Yan J, Wang C, Carabineiro SA, Liu Y, Lv K. Effect of oxygen vacancies on the photocatalytic activity of flower-like BiOBr microspheres towards NO oxidation and CO2 reduction. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zhang T, Jia J, Lin G, Li K, Zheng L, Li X, kong Z. Construction of Zn0.2Cd0.8S/g-C3N4 nanosheet array heterojunctions toward enhanced photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in visible light. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yang Y, Niu W, Dang L, Mao Y, Wu J, Xu K. Recent Progress in Doped g-C3N4 Photocatalyst for Solar Water Splitting: A Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:955065. [PMID: 35910723 PMCID: PMC9328273 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.955065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysis for water splitting is harvested as a fascinating way for addressing the global energy crisis. At present, numerous research subjects have been achieved to design and develop g-C3N4 photocatalysis, and the photocatalytic system still suffers from low efficiency that is far from practical applications. Here, there is an inspiring review on the latest progress of the doping strategies to modify g-C3N4 for enhancing the efficiency of photocatalytic water splitting, including non-metal doping, metal doping, and molecular doping. Finally, the review concludes a summary and highlights some perspectives on the challenges and future research of g-C3N4 photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Wantong Niu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Liyun Dang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yanli Mao
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Junshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kaidong Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
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Wang D, Zhang Z, Xu S, Guo Y, Kang S, Chang X. H 2+CO 2 Synergistic Plasma Positioning Carboxyl Defects in g-C 3N 4 with Engineered Electronic Structure and Active Sites for Efficient Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7381. [PMID: 35806384 PMCID: PMC9266665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective functional-group-endowed polymer semiconductors, which have unique photoelectric properties and rapid carrier separation properties, are an emerging type of high-performance photocatalyst for various energy and environmental applications. However, traditional oxidation etching chemical methods struggle to introduce defects or produce special functional group structures gently and controllably, which limits the implementation and application of the defective functional group modification strategy. Here, with the surface carboxyl modification of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst as an example, we show for the first time the feasibility and precise modification potential of the non-thermal plasma method. In this method, the microwave plasma technique is employed to generate highly active plasma in a combined H2+CO2 gas environment. The plasma treatment allows for scalable production of high-quality defective carboxyl group-endowed g-C3N4 nanosheets with mesopores. The rapid H2+CO2 plasma immersion treatment can precisely tune the electronic and band structures of g-C3N4 nanosheets within 10 min. This conjoint approach also promotes charge-carrier separation and accelerates the photocatalyst-catalyzed H2 evolution rate from 1.68 mmol h-1g-1 (raw g-C3N4) to 8.53 mmol h-1g-1 (H2+CO2-pCN) under Xenon lamp irradiation. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) of the H2+CO2-pCN with the presence of 5 wt.% Pt cocatalyst is 4.14% at 450 nm. Combined with density functional theory calculations, we illustrate that the synergistic N vacancy generation and carboxyl species grafting modifies raw g-C3N4 materials by introducing ideal defective carboxyl groups into the framework of heptazine ring g-C3N4, leading to significantly optimized electronic structure and active sites for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. The 5.08-times enhancement in the photocatalytic H2 evolution over the as-developed catalysts reveal the potential and maneuverability of the non-thermal plasma method in positioning carboxyl defects and mesoporous morphology. This work presents new understanding about the defect engineering mechanism in g-C3N4 semiconductors, and thus paves the way for rational design of effective polymeric photocatalysts through advanced defective functional group engineering techniques evolving CO2 as the industrial carrier gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Wang
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (D.W.); (S.X.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Z.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Shuchuan Xu
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (D.W.); (S.X.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (D.W.); (S.X.); (Y.G.)
- Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center of Ministry Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shifei Kang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Z.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Xijiang Chang
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (D.W.); (S.X.); (Y.G.)
- Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center of Ministry Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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