1
|
Chauhan ANS, Vini V, Kumar A, Erande RD. Synthesis of indol-3-yl-benzofurans and carbazoles via Cu(OTf) 2-catalyzed [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6690-6694. [PMID: 39105367 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00861h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
An efficient Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of indole-3-acrylate with p-benzoquinone has been developed to construct two distinct indole-tethered benzofuran scaffolds, offering the first-ever selective access to these scaffolds. Moreover, the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of indole-3-acrylate with vinyl ketone derivatives was used to synthesize carbazoles in a one-pot manner. The disclosed strategies provided a series of selective transformations under low-catalyst loading, with a broad substrate scope featuring diverse applicability and practical simplicity of the developed protocol with easily available substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Nath Singh Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vikrant Vini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang W, Zheng L, Liang WJ, Fu XY, Zhang YQ, Meng RF, Zhang H, Lin C, Su W, Xiao JA. Au(I)/Sc(III)-co-catalyzed tandem spiroannulation/cycloisomerization of 3-(2-ethynylaryl)- N-tosylaziridines with indoles to access 5 H-benzo[ b]carbazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5999-6003. [PMID: 38993018 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00782d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
An unusual spiroannulation/cycloisomerization cascade of 3-(2-ethynylaryl)-N-tosylaziridines with indoles enabled by cooperative gold/scandium catalysis is presented, which facilitates the synthesis of 5H-benzo[b]carbazoles in moderate to excellent yields. This protocol features a broad substrate scope and good functional-group compatibility. Additionally, the resulting 5H-benzo[b]carbazoles exhibit good fluorescence properties, demonstrating the synthetic practicality of this method. Moreover, control experiments were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Lan Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Jie Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yi Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Ru-Fang Meng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Chenxiang Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Parui N, Mandal T, Maiti S, Dash J. Efficient Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b]indoles and Cyclohepta[b]indole-Indoline Conjugates via RCM, Hydrogenation, and Acid-Catalyzed Ring Expansion: A Biomimetic Approach. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401059. [PMID: 38623002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyclohepta[b]indoles, prevalent in natural products and pharmaceuticals, are conventionally accessed via metal or Lewis acid-mediated cycloadditions with prefunctionalized substrates. Our study introduces an innovative sequential catalytic assembly for synthesizing cyclohepta[b]indoles from readily available isatin derivatives. The process involves three catalytic sequences: ring-closing metathesis, catalytic hydrogenation, and acid-catalyzed ring expansion. The RCM of 2,2-dialkene-3-oxindoles, formed by butenyl Grignard addition to 3-allyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles, yields versatile spirocyclohexene-3-oxindole derivatives. These derivatives undergo further transformations, including dibromination, dihydroxylation, epoxidation, Wacker oxidation at the double bond. Hydrogenation of spirocyclohexene-3-oxindole yields spirocyclohexane-3-oxindoles. Their subsequent acid-catalyzed ring expansion/aromatization, dependent on the acid catalyst, results in either cyclohepta[b]indoles or cyclohepta[b]indole-indoline conjugates, adding a unique synthetic dimension. The utility of this methodology is exemplified through the synthesis of an A-FABP inhibitor, showcasing its potential in pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Parui
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Tirtha Mandal
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Maiti
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muñoz-Torres MA, Suárez-Pantiga S, Sanz R. Gold-Catalyzed "Back-to-Front" Synthesis of 4-Silyloxyindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:4969-4974. [PMID: 38838267 PMCID: PMC11187626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of pyrrol-yn-glycol derivatives were easily prepared from simple pyrroles through a three-step sequence involving hydroxyalkylation-alkynylation-O-silylation. Their reaction with IPrAuNTf2 triggers a C2-pyrrole attack onto the activated alkyne and subsequent highly selective 1,2-migration of the oxyalkyl group in the intermediate spirocycle. This approach enables the efficient synthesis of a wide selection of regioselectively functionalized 4-hydroxyindoles, which represent important yet challenging indole scaffolds, in high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Muñoz-Torres
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Romero IE, Barata-Vallejo S, Bonesi SM, Postigo A. Perfluoroalkylation of Triarylamines by EDA Complexes and Ulterior Sensitized [6π]-Electrocyclization to Perfluoroalkylated Endo-Carbazoles. Mechanistic and Photophysical Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400905. [PMID: 38536766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Blue LEDs-irradiation of a mixture of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and perfluoroalkyl iodides (RF-I) - Electron Donor Acceptor (EDA)-complex - in the presence of triphenylamines (TPAs) in an aqueous solvent mixture afforded mono-perfluoroalkylated triphenylamines (RF-TPA) in good yields. These RF-TPA were further subjected to acetone-sensitized [6π]-electrocyclization at 315 nm-irradiation affording exclusively perfluoroalkylated endo-carbazole derivatives (RF-CBz) in quantitative yields. Mechanistic studies and photophysical properties of products are studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Romero
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio M Bonesi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amin PM, Wang W, Wang C, Zhou J, Wang Y. Gold-catalyzed benzannulations of 2-alkenylindoles with alkynes: a protecting-group-free regioselective approach to carbazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5326-5329. [PMID: 38666614 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
A gold(I)-catalyzed protecting-group-free benzannulation approach to functionalized NH-carbazoles was accomplished via the hydroarylation of alkynes with 2-alkenylindoles. A broad spectrum of terminal and internal alkynes and 2-alkenylindoles successfully participated in this annulation reaction. The protocol efficiently enabled the formation of substituted NH-carbazoles with moderate to specific regioselectivities. The synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by a variety of post-functionalizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pathan Mosim Amin
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Weilin Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Junrui Zhou
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Youliang Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yaragorla S, Khan T, Chakroborty S. Cu(OTf) 2/HFIP catalyzed regioselective cycloisomerization of indole-C3-functionalized alkynols to carbazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3622-3629. [PMID: 38634737 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We report here a simple and atom economic cycloisomerization reaction of indole-tethered alkynols for constructing diverse carbazoles using Cu(OTf)2/HFIP as the excellent promoter system. The reaction proceeds through a one-pot, domino process of spiro cyclization and 1,2-migration followed by aromatization to deliver carbazoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tabassum Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramkumar R, Srikriya S, Anbarasan P. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Aminobenzannulation of Dienyne with Sulfonyl Azide. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3292-3303. [PMID: 38373699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A general and efficient copper-catalyzed tandem aminobenzannulation of dienyne has been accomplished employing sulfonyl azides as a coupling partner. The reaction involves the formation of both C-C and C-N bonds via the initial generation of copper-catalyzed ketenimine from terminal alkyne and sulfonyl azide followed by electrocyclic ring closure and aromatization. The developed reaction is operationally simple and allows the synthesis of diverse substituted aminonaphthalenes and fused aminoarenes in good to excellent yields with high selectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal Ramkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Subramanian Srikriya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suresh S, Chien HS, Chen CH, Tsai HY, Chung DR, Kavala V, Yao CF. Iodine-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Diphenyl-Substituted Carbazoles via [4 + 2] Annulation of β-Formyl Ketones with Indoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38032287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The [4 + 2] annulation of β-formyl ketones with an indole has been developed for the regioselective synthesis of diphenyl-substituted carbazoles in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine. The 1,4-dicarbonyl compound containing a phenyl group at the α-position of an aldehyde group reacts more readily with indoles to form carbazole derivatives. Using this method, a variety of carbazole derivatives can be readily accessed under mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Hung-Sheng Chien
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Chao-Hua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Hao-Yu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Dai-Ru Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu GH, Jiang X. Rh(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylative Cyclization of Propargyl α-Diazoindolacetates for Construction of Carbazoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:8077-8082. [PMID: 37933919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A Rh(I)-catalyzed carbene migration/carbonylation/cyclization (MCC) strategy has been established for the construction of diverse functionalized carbazoles from propargyl α-diazoindolacetates. Rh(I)-stabilized carbene with different electrophilic properties displays specific reactivity toward alkyne and CO during the transformation, ensuring the smooth progress of the tandem cyclization. Other heteroaryl scaffolds were achieved simultaneously through this cascade protocol, thus offering a straightforward pathway toward functionalized polycyclic aromatic molecule synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Solas M, Muñoz-Torres MA, Martínez-Lara F, Renedo L, Suárez-Pantiga S, Sanz R. Catalyst- and Substrate-Controlled Regiodivergent Synthesis of Carbazoles through Gold-Catalyzed Cyclizations of Indole-Functionalized Alkynols. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300382. [PMID: 37773019 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of regioselectively substituted carbazole derivatives can be synthesized by the gold-catalyzed cyclization of alkynols bearing an indol-3-yl and an additional group at the homopropargylic positions. The regioselectivity of the process can be controlled by both the oxidation state of the gold catalyst and the electronic nature of the substituents of the alkynol moiety. The 1,2-alkyl migration in the spiroindoleninium intermediate, generated after indole attack to the activated alkyne, is favored with gold(I) complexes and for electron-rich aromatic substituents at the homopropargylic position, whereas the 1,2-alkenyl shift is preferred when using gold(III) salts and for alkyl or non-electron-rich aromatic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Solas
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz-Torres
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-Lara
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Lorena Renedo
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar MP, G M, Amaladass P, Manikandan C, Dhayalan V. Recent synthetic strategies for the construction of functionalized carbazoles and their heterocyclic motifs enabled by Lewis acids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32596-32626. [PMID: 37936643 PMCID: PMC10626344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article demonstrates recent innovative cascade annulation methods for preparing functionalized carbazoles and their related polyaromatic heterocyclic compounds enabled by Lewis acid catalysts. Highly substituted carbazole scaffolds were synthesized via Lewis acid mediated Friedel-Crafts arylation, electrocyclization, intramolecular cyclization, cycloaddition, C-N bond-formations, aromatization and cascade domino reactions, metal-catalyzed, iodine catalyzed reactions and multi-component reactions. This review article mainly focuses on Lewis acid-mediated recent synthetic methods to access a variety of electron-rich and electron-poor functional groups substituted carbazole frameworks in one-pot reactions. Polyaromatic carbazole and their related nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds were found in several synthetic applications in pharma industries, energy devices, and materials sciences. Moreover, the review paper briefly summarised new synthetic strategies of carbazole preparation approaches will assist academic and pharma industries in identifying innovative protocols for producing poly-functionalized carbazoles and related highly complex heterocyclic compounds and discovering active pharmaceutical drugs or carbazole-based alkaloids and natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marappan Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Mahantesh G
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - P Amaladass
- Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle 517325 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Chitrarasu Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Vasudevan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo T, Lin Y, Pan D, Zhang X, Zhu W, Cai XM, Huang G, Wang H, Xu D, Kühn FE, Zhang B, Zhang T. Towards bioresource-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens from lignin β-O-4 motifs as renewable resources. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6076. [PMID: 37770462 PMCID: PMC10539282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of heterocyclic aromatics with good optical properties from phenolic β-O-4 lignin segments is of high importance to meet high value added biorefinery demands. However, executing this process remains a huge challenge due to the incompatible reaction conditions of the depolymerization of lignin β-O-4 segments containing γ-OH functionalities and bioresource-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens (BioAIEgens) formation with the desired properties. In this work, benzannulation reactions starting from lignin β-O-4 moieties with 3-alkenylated indoles catalyzed by vanadium-based complexes have been successfully developed, affording a wide range of functionalized carbazoles with up to 92% yield. Experiments and density functional theory calculations suggest that the reaction pathway involves the selective cleavage of double C-O bonds/Diels-Alder cycloaddition/dehydrogenative aromatization. Photophysical investigations show that these carbazole products represent a class of BioAIEgens with twisted intramolecular charge transfer. Distinctions of emission behavior were revealed based on unique acceptor-donor-acceptor-type molecular conformations as well as molecular packings. This work features lignin β-O-4 motifs with γ-OH functionalities as renewable substrates, without the need to apply external oxidant/reductant systems. Here, we show a concise and sustainable route to functional carbazoles with AIE properties, building a bridge between lignin and BioAIE materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tenglong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuedan Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xu-Min Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dezhu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh Chauhan AN, Mali G, Dua G, Samant P, Kumar A, Erande RD. [RhCp*Cl 2] 2-Catalyzed Indole Functionalization: Synthesis of Bioinspired Indole-Fused Polycycles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27894-27919. [PMID: 37576617 PMCID: PMC10413382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic fused indoles are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceuticals due to their immense structural diversity and biological inference, making them suitable for charting broader chemical space. Indole-based polycycles continue to be fascinating as well as challenging targets for synthetic fabrication because of their characteristic structural frameworks possessing biologically intriguing compounds of both natural and synthetic origin. As a result, an assortment of new chemical processes and catalytic routes has been established to provide unified access to these skeletons in a very efficient and selective manner. Transition-metal-catalyzed processes, in particular from rhodium(III), are widely used in synthetic endeavors to increase molecular complexity efficiently. In recent years, this has resulted in significant progress in reaching molecular scaffolds with enormous biological activity based on core indole skeletons. Additionally, Rh(III)-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization and benzannulation protocols of indole moieties were one of the most alluring synthetic techniques to generate indole-fused polycyclic molecules efficiently. This review sheds light on recent developments toward synthesizing fused indoles by cascade annulation methods using Rh(III)-[RhCp*Cl2]2-catalyzed pathways, which align with the comprehensive and sophisticated developments in the field of Rh(III)-catalyzed indole functionalization. Here, we looked at a few intriguing cascade-based synthetic designs catalyzed by Rh(III) that produced elaborate frameworks inspired by indole bioactivity. The review also strongly emphasizes mechanistic insights for reaching 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4-fused indole systems, focusing on Rh(III)-catalyzed routes. With an emphasis on synthetic efficiency and product diversity, synthetic methods of chosen polycyclic carbocycles and heterocycles with at least three fused, bridged, or spiro cages are reviewed. The newly created synthesis concepts or toolkits for accessing diazepine, indol-ones, carbazoles, and benzo-indoles, as well as illustrative privileged synthetic techniques, are included in the featured collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghanshyam Mali
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Garima Dua
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Priya Samant
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Rohan D. Erande
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Singh G, Sharma S, Pandey R, Rekha, Vijaya Anand R. Construction of heterocycle-fused tetrahydrocarbazoles through a formal [3 + 3]-annulation of 2-indolylmethanols with para-quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2493-2498. [PMID: 36880335 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00124e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free approach for the synthesis of tetrahydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazoles has been developed through an acid-mediated one-pot [3 + 3]-annulation of 2-indolylmethanols and 3-indolyl-substituted para-quinone methides. This operationally simple protocol allowed us to prepare many unsymmetrical tetrahydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazoles in good to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope. This concept was also elaborated to the synthesis of tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]carbazoles and tetrahydrothieno[3,2-b]carbazoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Sonam Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Rajat Pandey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Rekha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suresh S, Kavala V, Yao CF. Iodine-Catalyzed Annulation Reaction of Ortho-Formylarylketones with Indoles: A General Strategy for the Synthesis of Indolylbenzo[ b]carbazoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3666-3677. [PMID: 36890622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The iodine-catalyzed cascade reaction of ortho-formylarylketones with indoles for the synthesis of indolylbenzo[b]carbazoles is reported. The reaction is initiated in the presence of iodine by two successive nucleophilic additions of indoles with an aldehyde group of ortho-formylarylketones, and the ketone does not undergo a nucleophilic addition and only involves in the Friedel-Crafts-type cyclization. A variety of substrates are tested, and the efficiency of this reaction is demonstrated with gram-scale reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen D, Zhou L, Liu Y, Wan JP. Three-component synthesis of N-naphthyl pyrazoles via Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade pyrazole annulation and Satoh-Miura benzannulation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4036-4039. [PMID: 36924202 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00649b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-naphthyl pyrazoles has been realized by the direct three-component reactions of enaminones, aryl hydrazine hydrochlorides and internal alkynes via Rh(III) catalysis. The synthetic reactions employing simple substrates lead to simultaneous construction of dual cyclic moieties, including a pyrazole ring and a phenyl ring, via sequential formation of two C-N and three C-C bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Liyun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Yunyun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China. .,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang M, Zhao P, Wu D, Qiu Z, Zhao C, Zhang W, Li F, Zhou J, Liu L. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines with Quinone Esters for the Construction of Carbazole and C-N Axially Chiral Carbazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36812409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated here an efficient synthetic method of carbazole derivatives from readily available N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines and quinone esters catalyzed by Brønsted acid. With this strategy, a series of carbazole derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields (76 to >99) under mild conditions. Large scale reaction illustrated the synthetic utility of this protocol. Meanwhile, a series of C-N axially chiral carbazole derivatives were also constructed in moderate to good yields (36-89% yield) with moderate to excellent atroposelectivities (44-94% ee) by using chiral phosphoric acid as a catalyst, which provides a novel strategy for the atroposelective construction of C-N axially chiral compounds and a new member of the C-N atropisomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Pin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Zhichao Qiu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Chenyue Zhao
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Feng Li
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rana G, Kar A, Kundal S, Musib D, Jana U. DDQ/Fe(NO 3) 3-Catalyzed Aerobic Synthesis of 3-Acyl Indoles and an In Silico Study for the Binding Affinity of N-Tosyl-3-acyl Indoles toward RdRp against SARS-CoV-2. J Org Chem 2023; 88:838-851. [PMID: 36622749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we herein report a DDQ-catalyzed new protocol for the synthesis of substituted 3-acylindoles. Being a potential system for virtual hydrogen storage, introduction of catalytic DDQ in combination with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and molecular oxygen as co-catalysts offers a regioselective oxo-functionalization of C-3 alkyl-/aryllidine indolines even with scale-up investigations. Intermediate isolation, their spectroscopic characterization, and the density functional theory calculations indicate that the method involves dehydrogenative allylic hydroxylation and 1,3-functional group isomerization/aromatization followed by terminal oxidation to afford 3-acylindoles quantitatively with very high regioselectivity. This method is very general for a large number of substrates with varieties of functional groups tolerance emerging high-yield outcome. Moreover, molecular docking studies were performed for some selected ligands with an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (RdRp complex) of SARS-CoV-2 to illustrate the binding potential of those ligands. The docking results revealed that few of the ligands possess the potential to inhibit the RdRp of SARS-Cov-2 with binding energies (-6.7 to -8.19 kcal/mol), which are comparably higher with respect to the reported binding energies of the conventional re-purposed drugs such as Remdesivir, Ribavirin, and so forth (-4 to -7 kcal/mol).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Kundal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Dulal Musib
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Umasish Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kundu S, Roy L, Maji MS. Development of Carbazole-Cored Organo-Photocatalyst for Visible Light-Driven Reductive Pinacol/Imino-Pinacol Coupling. Org Lett 2022; 24:9001-9006. [PMID: 36469513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Benzoperylenocarbazole (BPC), a unique carbazole-based organophotocatalyst, is reported herein as a potent organo-photoreductant. Lower excited state oxidation potential (-2.0 V vs SCE) and reasonable excited state lifetime (4.61 ns) render BPC an effective photosensitizer. Under irradiation of blue light employing low catalyst loading (0.5 mol %), a plethora of vicinal diols and diamines were synthesized in excellent yields through reductive coupling of carbonyls and imines, respectively. Insight about the electronic structure of BPC was obtained by DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Efficient synthesis of 3-aminocarbazoles from N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and 2-alkenylindole. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
22
|
Yuan S, Guerra Faura G, Areheart HE, Peulen NE, France S. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed 2,3-Dihydrofuran Acetal Ring-Opening Benzannulations toward Functionalized 1-Hydroxycarbazoles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238344. [PMID: 36500437 PMCID: PMC9737012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of a Lewis acid-catalyzed, intramolecular ring-opening benzannulation of 5-(indolyl)2,3-dihydrofuran acetals is described. The resulting 1-hydroxycarbazole-2-carboxylates are formed in up to 90% yield in 1 h. The dihydrofuran acetals are readily accessed from the reactions of enol ethers and α-diazo-β-indolyl-β-ketoesters. To highlight the method's synthetic utility, a formal total synthesis of murrayafoline A, a bioactive carbazole-containing natural product, was undertaken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoren Yuan
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Gabriel Guerra Faura
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hailey E. Areheart
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Natalie E. Peulen
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Stefan France
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gérardin B, Traboulsi I, Pal S, Lebunetelle G, Ramondenc Y, Hoarau C, Schneider C. Direct Synthesis of Benzo[ c]carbazoles by Pd-Catalyzed C–H [4 + 2] Annulation of 3-Arylindoles with External 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2022; 24:8164-8169. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Gérardin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Iman Traboulsi
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Suman Pal
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76 000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Yvan Ramondenc
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Hoarau
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Cédric Schneider
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76 000 Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alam S, Karim R, Khan A, Mallick AR, Sepay N, Ghosh S. Microwave-assisted synthesis of functionalized carbazoles via palladium-catalyzed aryl C–H activation and study of their interactions with calf-thymus DNA. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safiul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rejaul Karim
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | - Aminur Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
El Ain MA, Puiatti M, Budén ME. CONSTRUCTION OF 3,3´‐BICARBAZOLES AND INDOLOCARBAZOLES BY USING VISIBLE LIGHT. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Alexia El Ain
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Químicas: Universidad Nacional de Cordoba Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Organic Chemistry ARGENTINA
| | - Marcelo Puiatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Químicas: Universidad Nacional de Cordoba Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Organic Chemistry ARGENTINA
| | - María Eugenia Budén
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquimca de Cordoba Departamento de Química Orgánica Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende 5016 Córdoba ARGENTINA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Roy D, Tharra P, Baire B. An approach to functionalized carbazoles from Z-enoate propargylic alcohols. A unified total synthesis of N-Me-carazostatin, N-Me-carbazoquinocin C and N-Me-lipocarbazole A4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10210-10213. [PMID: 36000534 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of an acid catalyzed, intramolecular benzannulation of indoles for the synthesis of functionalized carbazoles has been reported. The indole appended Z-enoate propargylic alcohols have been employed. The N-EDG-indoles involve the 5-exo-dig cyclization followed by 1,2-migration to give the carbazole-butenoates, whereas the N-EWG-indoles undergo the Z-enoate assisted Meyer-Schuster rearrangement to give the dihydrocarbazole-4-oxo-butanoates. Utilizing one of the 2-methyl-carbazole-butyraldehyde (obtained from the corresponding carbazole-butanoate) as the key intermediate, we have developed a simple approach for an efficient synthesis of N-Me-carazostatin, N-Me-carbazoquinocin C and N-Me-lipocarbazole A4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | - Prabhakararao Tharra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | - Beeraiah Baire
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhan SC, Fang RJ, Sun J, Yan CG. Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions for the efficient synthesis of diverse spirotetrahydrocarbazoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:796-808. [PMID: 35875709 PMCID: PMC9273986 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presence of copper sulfate, three- or four-component reactions of 2-methylindole, aromatic aldehydes and various cyclic dienophiles in refluxing toluene afforded diverse spirotetrahydrocarbazoles. This reaction is an important development of the Levy reaction by using 2-methylindole to replace ethyl indole-2-acetate and successfully provides facile access to important polysubstituted spiro[carbazole-3,3'-indolines], spiro[carbazole-2,3'-indolines], spiro[carbazole-3,5'-pyrimidines] and spiro[carbazole-3,1'-cycloalkanes] in satisfactory yields and with high diastereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cong Zhan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ren-Jie Fang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Romero IE, Lantaño B, Postigo A, Bonesi SM. Photoinduced [6π]-Electrocyclic Reaction of Mono-, Di-, and Trisubstituted Triphenylamines in Acetonitrile. A Steady-State Investigation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13439-13454. [PMID: 35675160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct irradiation of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted triphenylamine derivatives in acetonitrile as solvent with light of 254 nm has been systematically investigated, revealing that the exo/endo carbazole derivatives were formed as the main photoproducts from modest to good yields for triphenylamines substituted with electron-donor and neutral substituents. The kinetic profiles of the photoreaction were also recorded, and the consumption rate constants (k) were measured. These kinetic parameters show dependence on the nature of the substituents, and linear Hammett correlations were carried out to showcase the substituent effect. On the other hand, the spectroscopic behavior of the electron-rich substituted triphenylamines has been analyzed, suggesting that the fluorescence emission spectra display a mirror image of the lower energy absorption bands, while for those amines bearing electron-acceptor groups the formation of charge-transfer complexes and their fluorescence emissions constitute the main deactivation pathway of the photoreaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Romero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Lantaño
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Sergio M Bonesi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kaur R, Banga S, Babu SA. Construction of carbazole-based unnatural amino acid scaffolds via Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp 3)-H functionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4391-4414. [PMID: 35583129 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00658h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of carbazole-based unnatural α-amino acid and non-α-amino acid derivatives via a Pd(II)-catalyzed bidentate directing group 8-aminoquinoline-aided β-C(sp3)-H activation/functionalization method. Various N-phthaloyl, DL-, L- and D-carboxamides derived from their corresponding α-amino acids, non-α-amino acids and aliphatic carboxamides were subjected to the β-C(sp3)-H functionalization with 3-iodocarbazoles in the presence of a Pd(II) catalyst to afford the corresponding carbazole moiety installed unnatural amino acid derivatives and aliphatic carboxamides. Carbazole motif-containing racemic (DL) and enantiopure (L and D) amino acid derivatives including phenylalanine, norvaline, leucine, norleucine and 2-aminooctanoic acid with anti-stereochemistry and various non-α-amino acid derivatives including GABA have been synthesized. Removal of the 8-aminoquinoline directing group, deprotection of the phthalimide moiety and the preparation of carbazole amino acid derivatives containing free amino- and carboxylate groups are shown. The carbazole motif is prevalent in alkaloids and biologically active molecules and functional materials. Thus, this work on the synthesis of carbazole-based unnatural amino acid derivatives would enrich the libraries of unnatural amino acid derivatives and carbazoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Shefali Banga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nunewar S, Kumar S, Priyanka P, Girase P, Kanchupalli V. The solvent-controlled Rh(III)-catalyzed switchable [4+2] annulation of 2-arylIndoles with iodonium ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6140-6143. [PMID: 35506915 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01386j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective and switchable [4+2] annulations of 2-arylindoles with iodonium ylides were achieved by performing solvent-controlled Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activations. When using DCM as a solvent, the C-H functionalization of 2-arylindoles with iodonium ylides selectively delivered indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives. In contrast, the same catalytic system with a polar HFIP solvent predominately provided benzo[a]carbazole moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saiprasad Nunewar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500 037, Telangana, India.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500 037, Telangana, India.
| | - Pendam Priyanka
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500 037, Telangana, India.
| | - Pradeep Girase
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500 037, Telangana, India.
| | - Vinaykumar Kanchupalli
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500 037, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sahu S, Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Maji MS. Synthesis of functionalized indoles via cascade benzannulation strategies: a decade's overview. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3029-3042. [PMID: 35332905 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoles are one of the most prominent aromatic heterocycles in the organic chemistry field. Due to their widespread presence in various natural products, alkaloids, drugs, approved medicines, etc. the synthesis and functionalization of indoles are of great interest. This review emphasizes recent developments and techniques in the domino cascade cyclization process in the last decade starting from the various building blocks. In particular, this review depicts several intriguing benzannulation methods of creating a benzene ring on a pre-existing pyrrole nucleus in an inter/intramolecular fashion under metal-catalyzed/metal-free approaches. Different subsections focus on gradual timely developments in this complementary area and a detailed analysis of the mechanisms and reactivity patterns. As a complementary method, this review gives a significant incentive to various annulation strategies and also gives an overview of the remaining challenges and upcoming possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Karan G, Sahu S, Maji MS. Synthesis of Indolyl‐1,3‐Dienes from β‐Sulphonyl Aldehydes through One‐Pot Sequential Brønsted Acid/ Base Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Karan
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurDepartment of Chemistry 721302 Kharagpur INDIA
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurDepartment of Chemistry 721302 Kharagpur INDIA
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Chemistry Paschim Midnapore 721302 Kharagpur INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen C, Jiao H, Chen D, Tang T, Xu ZF, Duan S, Li CY. Access to tetrahydrocarbazoles and pyrrolo[3,4- b]carbazoles through sequential reactions of triazoles and indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2802-2807. [PMID: 35311858 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrocarbazoles and pyrrolo[3,4-b]carbazoles could be synthesized conveniently through sequential reactions of ester-tethered 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and indoles. The reaction conditions were mild and the procedures were quite simple. Moreover, the key intermediate α,β-unsaturated imine acted as a [2C] synthon in the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, and the imino group could be used as a nucleophile to construct the fourth ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Hongjian Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Ze-Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Shengguo Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Chuan-Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Banerjee A, Saha S, Maji MS. Cascade Benzannulation Approach for the Syntheses of Lipocarbazoles, Carbazomycins, and Related Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4343-4359. [PMID: 35253429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Shuvendu Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Che Y, Qi X, Qu W, Shi B, Lin Q, Yao H, Zhang Y, Wei T. Synthetic strategies of phenazine derivatives: a review. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Xin Che
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Xiao‐Ni Qi
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Wen‐Juan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Bing‐Bing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - You‐Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Tai‐Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dai JK, Dan WJ, Wan JB. Natural and synthetic β-carboline as a privileged antifungal scaffolds. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114057. [PMID: 34954591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of antifungal agents with novel structure, broad-spectrum, low toxicity, and high efficiency has been the focus of medicinal chemists. Over the past decades, β-carboline scaffold has attracted extensive attention in the scientific community due to its potent and diverse biological activities with nine successfully marketed β-carboline-based drugs. In this review, we summarized the current states and advances in the antifungal activity of natural and synthetic β-carbolines. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships and their antifungal mechanisms targeting biofilm, cell wall, cell membrane, and fungal intracellular targets were also systematically discussed. In summary, β-carbolines have the great potential to develop new efficient scaffolds to combat fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Jia Dan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Y, Jia D, Zeng J, Liu Y, Bu X, Yang X. Benzocarbazole Synthesis via Visible-Light-Accelerated Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Annulation of Aromatic Amines with Bicyclic Alkenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:7740-7745. [PMID: 34597511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-accelerated Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H annulation of aromatic amines with bicyclic alkenes for the synthesis of benzocarbazole derivatives was developed. In this approach, with the cooperation of rhodium catalysis and visible-light irradiation, various aromatic amines reacted with oxabicyclic alkenes and azabicyclic alkenes smoothly at room temperature, delivering the corresponding bridged oxa or aza tetrahydro benzocarbazoles in good to excellent yields. Moreover, a series of benzo[b]carbazoles were synthesized conveniently through further aromatization in one pot. The potential of this method was demonstrated via directing-group removal, derivatization, a scale-up reaction, and fluorescence investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Wang
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyang Jia
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Liu
- Sichuan Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Chengdu 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubin Bu
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sang J, Feng L, Hu R, Chen J, Shang D, Bao Q, Rao W. Sc(OTf) 3-Catalyzed C2-Selective Cyanation/Defluorination Cascade of Perfluoroalkylated 3-Indolylmethanols and Application to the Synthesis of 3-Fluoro(perfluoroalkyl)-β-carbolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:7666-7671. [PMID: 34543569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed C2-selective cyanation/defluorination cascade of perfluoroalkylated 3-indolylmethanols with TMSCN is described, which provides a novel and practical strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse 3-(2-cyano)-indolyl substituted gem-difluoroalkenes and β-fluoro-β-perfluoroalkylalkenes. The reaction features excellent regio- and stereoselectivity and broad substrate scope. Notably, the obtained gem-difluoroalkenes and β-fluoro-β-perfluoroalkylalkenes could be easily transformed into 3-fluoro(perfluoroalkyl)-β-carbolines with excellent efficiency simply by treating them with Grignard reagents or DIBAL-H under mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Li Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Dandan Shang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qing Bao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pocock IA, Alotaibi AM, Jagdev K, Prior C, Burgess GR, Male L, Grainger RS. Direct formation of 4,5-disubstituted carbazoles via regioselective dilithiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7252-7255. [PMID: 34190745 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbazoles are widely exploited for their interesting photophysical and electronic properties, however bay (4,5-) functionalization is challenging, and previously inaccessible through carbazole C-H activation. We report a simple methodology which introduces a range of versatile 4,5-functionality, enabling the wider investigation of ring annulation and close proximity effects on carbazole properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Pocock
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Alavi S, Lin JB, Grover HK. Copper-Catalyzed Annulation of Indolyl α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds Leads to Structurally Rearranged Carbazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:5559-5564. [PMID: 34197126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Indolyl α-diazocarbonyl compounds have proven to be effective starting materials for the construction of various 2,3-ring fused indole frameworks. Activation of the diazo functional group under metal catalysis generates a spiro-cyclic indolenine-type intermediate which rearranges to provide two distinct carbazoles upon oxidation. The current study investigates the effects of the catalyst as well as the substituents on the migratory group involved in controlling the selectivity of the rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Alavi
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Jian-Bin Lin
- C-CART, CREAIT Network, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Huck K Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cao D, Chen G, Chen D, Xia Z, Li Z, Wang Y, Xu D, Yang J. Synthesis of 4-Hydroxycarbazole Derivatives by Benzannulation of 3-Nitroindoles with Alkylidene Azlactones. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16969-16979. [PMID: 34250355 PMCID: PMC8264937 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A general synthesis of 4-hydroxylcarbazoles by domino vinylogous conjugate addition/cyclization/elimination/aromatization of easily prepared 3-nitroindoles with alkylidene azlactones under mild and transition-metal-free conditions has been developed. This method was also applicable to other nitrosubstituted benzofused heterocycles such as 3-nitrobenzothiophene, 2-nitrobenzothiophene, and 2-nitrobenzofuran. The valuable tetracyclic carbazole derivatives, such as 6H-oxazolo[4,5-c]carbazole and 3,6-dihydro-2H-oxazolo[4,5-c]carbazol-2-one, were readily prepared from the product, demonstrating synthetic utility of this method.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhan SC, Fang RJ, Sun J, Yan CG. Multicomponent Reaction for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spiro[carbazole-3,4'-pyrazoles] and Spiro[carbazole-3,4'-thiazoles]. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8726-8741. [PMID: 34111925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of copper sulfate, the three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, ethylindole-3-acetate and 4-arylidene-5-methyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-ones, in refluxing toluene afforded spiro[carbazole-3,4'-pyrazoles] in good yields with high diastereoselectivity. More importantly, the similar CuSO4 promoted the four-component reaction of two molecular aromatic aldehydes with ethylindole-3-acetate and 5-methyl-2-phenyl-pyrazol-3-one resulted in 2,4-diarylspiro[carbazole-3,4'-pyrazoles] in satisfactory yields. Additionally, CuSO4 promoted the four-component reaction of two molecular aromatic aldehydes, ethylindole-3-acetate and 2-phenylthiazol-4-one, in refluxing toluene gave 2,4-diarylspiro[carbazole-3,4'-thiazoles] with diastereomeric ratios in the range of 3:1 to 20:1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cong Zhan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ren-Jie Fang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Karan G, Sahu S, Maji MS. A one-pot "back-to-front" approach for the synthesis of benzene ring substituted indoles using allylboronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5274-5277. [PMID: 33908966 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01512e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of only benzene ring functionalized indoles and poly-substituted carbazoles is reported via a one-pot triple cascade benzannulation protocol. Usage of differently substituted and readily accessible allylboronic acids as a 3-carbon annulating partner enables diverse aliphatic and aromatic substitution patterns, which is still a daunting task. This scalable synthetic protocol tolerates broad scope, thus enabling further downstream modifications. As an application, carbazole based natural products glycozoline and glycozolinol were synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Karan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India.
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India.
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wei B, Dong K, Zhang J, Zu L. Harnessing the chemistry of 4a H-carbazoles: a consecutive rearrangements approach to carbazoles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a mild method for the synthesis of 4aH-carbazole intermediates with significant synthetic flexibility and variability, and demonstrate the controllable rearrangements of such intermediates to carbazoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaikai Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|