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Saputra H, Safaat M, Santoso P, Wakabayashi R, Goto M, Taira T, Kamiya N. Design of Protease-Responsive Antifungal Liposomal Formulation Decorated with a Lipid-Modified Chitin-Binding Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3567. [PMID: 38612381 PMCID: PMC11011847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a prevalent fungal pathogen that displays antibiotic resistance. The polyene antifungal amphotericin B (AmB) has been the gold standard because of its broad antifungal spectra, and its liposomal formulation, AmBisome, has been used widely and clinically in treating fungal infections. Herein, we explored enhancing the antifungal activity of AmBisome by integrating a small chitin-binding domain (LysM) of chitinase A derived from Pteris ryukyuensis. LysM conjugated with a lipid (LysM-lipid) was initially prepared through microbial transglutaminase (MTG)-mediated peptide tag-specific conjugation of LysM with a lipid-peptide substrate. The AmBisome formulation modified with LysM-lipid conjugates had a size distribution that was comparable to the native liposomes but an increased zeta potential, indicating that LysM-lipid conjugates were anchored to AmBisome. LysM-lipid-modified AmBisome exhibited long-term stability at 4 °C while retaining the capacity to bind chitin. Nevertheless, the antifungal efficacy of LysM-lipid-modified AmBisome against C. albicans was modest. We then redesigned a new LysM-lipid conjugate by introducing a peptide linker containing a thrombin digestion (TD) site at the C-terminus of LysM (LysM-TD linker-lipid), thereby facilitating the liberation of the LysM domain from AmBisome upon the addition of thrombin. This new AmBisome formulation anchored with LysM-TD linker-lipid exhibited superior performance in suppressing C. albicans growth in the presence of thrombin compared with the LysM-lipid formulation. These results provide a platform to design stimuli-responsive AmBisome formulations that respond to external environments and thus advance the treatment of pathogenic fungi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendra Saputra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Muhammad Safaat
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Pugoh Santoso
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toki Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Munzen ME, Goncalves Garcia AD, Martinez LR. An update on the global treatment of invasive fungal infections. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:1095-1117. [PMID: 37750748 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a serious problem affecting many people worldwide, creating critical economic and medical consequences. Fungi are ubiquitous and can cause invasive diseases in individuals mostly living in developing countries or with weakened immune systems, and antifungal drugs currently available have important limitations in tolerability and efficacy. In an effort to counteract the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with invasive fungal infections, various approaches are being utilized to discover and develop new antifungal agents. This review discusses the challenges posed by fungal infections, outlines different methods for developing antifungal drugs and reports on the status of drugs currently in clinical trials, which offer hope for combating this serious global problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Munzen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Luis R Martinez
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amphotericin B Formulations Based on Organic Salts and Ionic Liquids against Leishmania infantum. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121841. [PMID: 36551498 PMCID: PMC9774544 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, organic salts and ionic liquids (OSILs) containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are being explored as drug delivery systems in modern therapies (OSILs-API). In that sense, this work is focused on the development of novel OSILs-API based on amphotericin B through an innovative procedure and the evaluation of the respective biological activity against Leishmania infantum. Several ammonium, methylimidazolium, pyridinium and phosphonium organic cations combined with amphotericin B as anion were synthesized in moderate to high yields and high purities by the water-reduced buffer neutralization method. All prepared compounds were characterized to confirm the desired chemical structure and the specific optical rotation ([α]D25) was also determined. The biological assays performed on L. infantum promastigotes showed increased activity against this parasitic disease when compared with the starting chloride forms and amphotericin B alone, highlighting [P6,6,6,14][AmB] as the most promising formulation. Possible synergism in the antiprotozoal activity was also evaluated for [P6,6,6,14][AmB], since it was proven to be the compound with the highest toxicity. This work reported a simple synthetic method, which can be applied to prepare other organic salts based on molecules containing fragile chemical groups, demonstrating the potential of these OSILs-AmB as possible agents against leishmaniasis.
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Torres-Rodriguez JA, Reyes-Pérez JJ, Quiñones-Aguilar EE, Hernandez-Montiel LG. Actinomycete Potential as Biocontrol Agent of Phytopathogenic Fungi: Mechanisms, Source, and Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3201. [PMID: 36501241 PMCID: PMC9736024 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic fungicides have been the main control of phytopathogenic fungi. However, they cause harm to humans, animals, and the environment, as well as generating resistance in phytopathogenic fungi. In the last few decades, the use of microorganisms as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi has been an alternative to synthetic fungicide application. Actinomycetes isolated from terrestrial, marine, wetland, saline, and endophyte environments have been used for phytopathogenic fungus biocontrol. At present, there is a need for searching new secondary compounds and metabolites of different isolation sources of actinomycetes; however, little information is available on those isolated from other environments as biocontrol agents in agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compare the antifungal activity and the main mechanisms of action in actinomycetes isolated from different environments and to describe recent achievements of their application in agriculture. Although actinomycetes have potential as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi, few studies of actinomycetes are available of those from marine, saline, and wetland environments, which have equal or greater potential as biocontrol agents than isolates of actinomycetes from terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Torres-Rodriguez
- Nanotechnology and Microbial Biocontrol Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23090, Mexico
| | - Juan J. Reyes-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Av. Quito km 1.5 vía a Santo Domingo, Quevedo 120501, Ecuador
| | - Evangelina E. Quiñones-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero, El Bajío del Arenal, Guadalajara 45019, Mexico
| | - Luis G. Hernandez-Montiel
- Nanotechnology and Microbial Biocontrol Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23090, Mexico
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