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Jones BR, Shao J, Sanghvi M, Ayala A, Luo R, Wang J. A hybrid IA-LC-MS/MS method for adrenocorticotropic hormone(1-24) to support interpretation of low-dose cosyntropin-stimulation test. Bioanalysis 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38940423 DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2360358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 1-24 (ACTH[1-24]) has a similar effect as endogenous ACTH(1-39) to generate cortisol by targeting the MC2R receptor on the adrenal gland. A new investigational ACTH receptor antagonist drug is being developed to treat diseases of ACTH excess (e.g., Cushing's disease) by binding to the MC2R receptor. Administration of ACTH(1-24) was used in a Phase I clinical study to assess the ability of this drug candidate to suppress the cortisol response to ACTH stimulation. A hybrid immunoaffinity-LCMS assay measuring ACTH(1-24) with a concentration range of 10 to 400 pg/ml was developed to support the study. Consistent and acceptable A&P results were achieved. The assay development and qualification will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry R Jones
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, 6055 Lusk Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Junlong Shao
- Pharmaron (Germantown) Lab Services, Inc., 20340 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Mitesh Sanghvi
- Pharmaron (Germantown) Lab Services, Inc., 20340 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Alejandro Ayala
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, 6055 Lusk Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rosa Luo
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, 6055 Lusk Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, 6055 Lusk Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Pizzala NJ, Bhanot JS, Carrick IJ, Dziekonski ET, McLuckey SA. Ion parking in native mass spectrometry. Analyst 2024; 149:2966-2977. [PMID: 38600834 PMCID: PMC11089522 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00242c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A forced, damped harmonic oscillator model for gas-phase ion parking using single-frequency resonance excitation is described and applied to high-mass ions of relevance to native mass spectrometry. Experimental data are provided to illustrate key findings revealed by the modelling. These include: (i) ion secular frequency spacings between adjacent charge states of a given protein are essentially constant and decrease with the mass of the protein (ii) the mechanism for ion parking of high mass ions is the separation of the ion clouds of the oppositely-charged ions with much less influence from an increase in the relative ion velocity due to resonance excitation, (iii) the size of the parked ion cloud ultimately limits ion parking at high m/z ratio, and (iv) the extent of ion parking of off-target ions is highly sensitive to the bath gas pressure in the ion trap. The model is applied to ions of 17 kDa, 467 kDa, and 2 MDa while experimental data are also provided for ions of horse skeletal muscle myoglobin (≈17 kDa) and β-galactosidase (≈467 kDa). The model predicts and data show that it is possible to effect ion parking on a 17 kDa protein to the 1+ charge state under trapping conditions that are readily accessible with commercially available ion traps. It is also possible to park β-galactosidase efficiently to a roughly equivalent m/z ratio (i.e., the 26+ charge state) under the same trapping conditions. However, as charge states decrease, analyte ion cloud sizes become too large to allow for efficient ion trapping. The model allows for a semi-quantitative prediction of ion trapping performance as a function of ion trapping, resonance excitation, and pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pizzala
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Jay S Bhanot
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Ian J Carrick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Eric T Dziekonski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Scott A McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
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3
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Lin CW, Canonica F, Wüthrich S, Fettelschoss-Gabriel A, Schlapbach R, Nanni P. m-nitrobenzyl alcohol supercharging reagent enhances the chromatographic separation and the charging of disulfide bond linked and His-tag peptides. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464828. [PMID: 38581973 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The linkages of disulfide bond (DSB) play important roles in protein stability and activity. Mass spectrometry-based (MS-based) techniques become accepted tools for DSB analysis in the recent decade. In the bottom-up approach, after enzyme digestion, the neighbouring amino acids of cysteines have great impacts on the physicochemical properties of resulting disulfide bond peptides, determining their retention behaviour on liquid chromatography (LC) and their MS ionization efficiency. In this study, the addition of supercharging reagent in LC mobile phase was used to examine the impact of supercharging reagent on the charge states of disulfide-bond peptides. The results showed that 0.1 % m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA) in LC mobile phase increased the sensitivity and charge states of DSB peptides from our model protein, equine Interleukin-5 (eIL5), as well as the resolution of reversed-phase chromatography. Notably, also the sensitivity of C-terminal peptide with His-tag significantly improved. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of employing m-NBA as a supercharging reagent when investigating disulfide-linked peptides and the C-terminal peptide with a His-tag through nano-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Lin
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Fabia Canonica
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simone Wüthrich
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ralph Schlapbach
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Zhu Y, Yun SD, Zhang T, Chang JY, Stover L, Laganowsky A. Native mass spectrometry of proteoliposomes containing integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14243-14255. [PMID: 38098719 PMCID: PMC10718073 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04938h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes are critical to the function of membrane proteins, whether they are associated (peripheral) or embedded (integral) within the bilayer. While detergents have contributed to our understanding of membrane protein structure and function, there remains challenges in characterizing protein-lipid interactions within the context of an intact membrane. Here, we developed a method to prepare proteoliposomes for native mass spectrometry (MS) studies. We first use native MS to detect the encapsulation of soluble proteins within liposomes. We then find the peripheral Gβ1γ2 complex associated with the membrane can be ejected and analyzed using native MS. Four different integral membrane proteins (AmtB, AqpZ, TRAAK, and TREK2), all of which have previously been characterized in detergent, eject from the proteoliposomes as intact complexes bound to lipids that have been shown to tightly associate in detergent, drawing a correlation between the two approaches. We also show the utility of more complex lipid environments, such as a brain polar lipid extract, and show TRAAK ejects from liposomes of this extract bound to lipids. These findings underscore the capability to eject protein complexes from membranes bound to both lipids and metal ions, and this approach will be instrumental in the identification of key protein-lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Sangho D Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Jing-Yuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Lauren Stover
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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Shao X, Huang Y, Wang G. Microfluidic devices for protein analysis using intact and top‐down mass spectrometry. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Shao
- Institute for Cell Analysis Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking University Beijing China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Institute for Cell Analysis Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking University Beijing China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Institute for Cell Analysis Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking University Beijing China
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Challen B, Cramer R. Advances in ionisation techniques for mass spectrometry-based omics research. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100394. [PMID: 35709387 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Omics analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) is a vast field, with proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics dominating recent research by exploiting biological MS ionisation techniques. Traditional MS ionisation techniques such as electrospray ionisation have limitations in analyte-specific sensitivity, modes of sampling and throughput, leading to many researchers investigating new ionisation methods for omics research. In this review, we examine the current landscape of these new ionisation techniques, divided into the three groups of (electro)spray-based, laser-based and other miscellaneous ionisation techniques. Due to the wide range of new developments, this review can only provide a starting point for further reading on each ionisation technique, as each have unique benefits, often for specialised applications, which promise beneficial results for different areas in the omics world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Challen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Rainer Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
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Abstract
Native mass spectrometry (MS) is aimed at preserving and determining the native structure, composition, and stoichiometry of biomolecules and their complexes from solution after they are transferred into the gas phase. Major improvements in native MS instrumentation and experimental methods over the past few decades have led to a concomitant increase in the complexity and heterogeneity of samples that can be analyzed, including protein-ligand complexes, protein complexes with multiple coexisting stoichiometries, and membrane protein-lipid assemblies. Heterogeneous features of these biomolecular samples can be important for understanding structure and function. However, sample heterogeneity can make assignment of ion mass, charge, composition, and structure very challenging due to the overlap of tens or even hundreds of peaks in the mass spectrum. In this review, we cover data analysis, experimental, and instrumental advances and strategies aimed at solving this problem, with an in-depth discussion of theoretical and practical aspects of the use of available deconvolution algorithms and tools. We also reflect upon current challenges and provide a view of the future of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber D Rolland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - James S Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States.,Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1252, United States
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