1
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Rani P, Chahal S, Singh R, Sindhu J. Pushing Boundaries: What's Next in Metal-Free C-H Functionalization for Sulfenylation? Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:13. [PMID: 38607428 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of thioether derivatives has been explored widely due to the potential application of these derivatives in medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical industry and material chemistry. Within this context, there has been an increasing demand for the environmentally benign construction of C-S bonds via C-H functionalization under metal-free conditions. In the present article, we highlight recent developments in metal-free sulfenylation that have occurred in the past three years. The synthesis of organosulfur compounds via a metal-free approach using a variety of sulfur sources, including thiophenols, disulfides, sulfonyl hydrazides, sulfonyl chlorides, elemental sulfur and sulfinates, is discussed. Non-conventional strategies, which refer to the development of thioether derivatives under visible light and electrochemically mediated conditions, are also discussed. The key advantages of the reviewed methodologies include broad substrate scope and high reaction yields under environmentally benign conditions. This comprehensive review will provide chemists with a synthetic tool that will facilitate further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Rani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sandhya Chahal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
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2
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Kumar P, Bhalla A. Reaction Pattern and Mechanistic Aspects of Iodine and Iodine-Based Reagents in Selenylation of Aliphatic, Aromatic, and (Hetero)Cyclic Systems. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:12. [PMID: 38589598 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Organoselenium compounds have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the biologically active compound ebselen. Ebselen has recently been found to show activity against the main protease of the virus responsible for COVID-19. Other organoselenium compounds are also well-known for their diverse biological activities, with such compounds exhibiting interesting physical properties relevant to the fields of electronics, materials, and polymer chemistry. In addition, the incorporation of selenium into various organic molecules has garnered significant attention due to the potential of selenium to enhance the biological activity of these molecules, particularly in conjunction with bioactive heterocycles. Iodine and iodine-based reagents play a prominent role in the synthesis of organoselenium compounds, being valued for their cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, and ease of handling. These reagents efficiently selenylate a broad range of organic substrates, encompassing alkenes, alkynes, and cyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic molecules. They serve as catalysts, additives, inducers, and oxidizing agents, facilitating the introduction of different functional groups at alternate positions in the molecules, thereby allowing for regioselective and stereoselective approaches. Specific iodine reagents and their combinations can be tailored to follow the desired reaction pathways. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the progress in the selenylation of organic molecules using iodine reagents over the past decade, with a focus on reaction patterns, solvent effects, heating, microwave, and ultrasonic conditions. Detailed discussions on mechanistic aspects, such as electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, electrochemical, and ring expansion reactions via selenylation, multiselenylation, and difunctionalization, are included. The review also highlights the formation of various cyclic, heterocyclic, and heteroarenes resulting from the in situ generation of selenium intermediates, encompassing cyclic ketones, cyclic ethers, cyclic lactones, selenophenes, chromones, pyrazolines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, indolines, oxazolines, isooxazolines, lactones, dihydrofurans, and isoxazolidines. To enhance the reader's interest, the review is structured into different sections covering the selenylation of aliphatic sp2/sp carbon and cyclic sp2 carbon, and then is further subdivided into various heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Aman Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India.
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3
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Biswas S, Ghosh S, Das I. Supporting Electrolyte-Free Electrochemical Oxidative C-H Sulfonylation and Thiocyanation of Fused Pyrimidin-4-Ones in an All-Green Electrolytic System. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303118. [PMID: 37934155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
An electrooxidative C-H functionalization is a widely accepted route to obtain sulfur-containing arenes and heteroarenes. However, this process often involves using non-recyclable supporting electrolytes, (co)solvents like hexafluoroisopropanol, additives like acid, or catalysts. The use of additional reagents can increase costs and waste, reducing atom efficiency. Moreover, unlike other nitrogen-containing heterocycles, there have only been sporadic reports of electrochemical C-H functionalization in fused pyrimidin-4-ones, and an electrolyte-free process has yet to be developed. This work demonstrates that such anodic coupling reactions can be performed in an all-green electrolytic system without using such additional electrolytes or HFIP, maintaining a high atom economy. This C-H functionalization strategy utilizes inexpensive sodium sulfinates and ammonium thiocyanate as sulfonylating and thiocyanating agents in an undivided cell at a constant current, using a mixture of CH3 CN/H2 O as solvent at room temperature. Thus, fused pyrimidin-4-ones can be selectively converted into C3-sulfonylated and -thiocyanated derivatives in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Biswas
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadeep Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Indrajit Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
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4
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Shi J, Wang Z, Teng X, Zhang B, Sun K, Wang X. Electro-Oxidative C3-Selenylation of Pyrido[1,2- a]pyrimidin-4-ones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052206. [PMID: 36903450 PMCID: PMC10005275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we achieved a C3-selenylation of pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones using an electrochemically driven external oxidant-free strategy. Various structurally diverse seleno-substituted N-heterocycles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Through radical trapping experiments, GC-MS analysis and cyclic voltammetry study, a plausible mechanism for this selenylation was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Zhichuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoxu Teng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (X.W.)
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5
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Chen J, Xiao Y, You X, Li S, Fu Y, Ouyang Y. Electrochemical Oxidative Selenation of 4
H
‐Pyrido‐[1,2‐
a
]‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones with Diorganyldiselenides. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Recycled Aluminum Huaihua University Huaihua Hunan 418008 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangtze Normal University, Fuling Chongqing 408100 China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangtze Normal University, Fuling Chongqing 408100 China
| | - Xianhui You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangtze Normal University, Fuling Chongqing 408100 China
| | - Shiqi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangtze Normal University, Fuling Chongqing 408100 China
| | - Yuwei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangtze Normal University, Fuling Chongqing 408100 China
| | - Yuejun Ouyang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Recycled Aluminum Huaihua University Huaihua Hunan 418008 China
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6
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Prajapati VD, Prajapati RV, Purohit VB, Avalani JR, Sapariya NH, Kamani RD, Karad SC, Raval DK. N‐Chlorosuccinimide Mediated Regioselective Sulfenylation and Halogenation of 4
H
‐Pyrido[1,2‐
a
]pyrimidin‐4‐ones at Room Temperature. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav D. Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar- 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Ronak V. Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar- 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Vishal B. Purohit
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)- International Research Agenda Lodz University of Technology Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Jemin R. Avalani
- Shri A. N. Patel P. G. Institute of Science & Research Anand 388001, Gujarat India
| | | | - Ronak D. Kamani
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar- 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Sharad C. Karad
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar- 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Dipak K. Raval
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar- 388120 Gujarat India
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7
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Liu XS, Li M, Dong K, Peng S, Liu L. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Vinyl Selenides via Rhodium-Catalyzed [1,4]-Acyl Migration of Selenoesters and Diazo Compounds. Org Lett 2022; 24:2175-2180. [PMID: 35285649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a highly stereoselective Rh(II)-catalyzed 1,4-acyl rearrangement of selenium esters and α-diazo carbonyl compounds, which provides an efficient method for synthesizing tetrasubstituted vinyl selenides. Furthermore, this reaction also offers a synthetic tool for medium and large ring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Shen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingjia Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kexin Dong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shaoting Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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8
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Chen ZW, Bai R, Annamalai P, Badsara SS, Lee CF. The journey of C–S bond formation from metal catalysis to electrocatalysis. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04662d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective describes the journey of C–S bond constructions starting from transition metal catalysis through oxidant catalysis, photocatalysis and very recently employed electrocatalysis by using various sulfur surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China
| | - Rekha Bai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India
| | - Pratheepkumar Annamalai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China
| | - Satpal Singh Badsara
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India
| | - Chin-Fa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST) National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA) National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China
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9
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Guo L, Su M, Lv J, Liu W, Wang S. N
‐Iodosuccinimide‐promoted Regioselective Selenylation of 4
H
‐Pyrido‐[1,2‐
a
]‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones with Diselenides at Room Temperature. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Meiyun Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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10
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Yuan JW, Zhang Y, Huang GC, Ma MY, Yang TY, Yang LR, Zhang SR, Mao P, Qu LB. Site-specific C–H chalcogenation of quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones enabled by Selectfluor reagent. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A site-specific C6–H chalcogenation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with various diselenides and dithiols is presented by employing Selectfluor reagent as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guang-Chao Huang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meng-Yao Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Teng-Yu Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liang-Ru Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications; Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - Pu Mao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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