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Mattinen M, Chen W, Dawley RA, Verheijen MA, Hensen EJM, Kessels WMM, Bol AA. Structural Aspects of MoS x Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2024; 14:10089-10101. [PMID: 38988655 PMCID: PMC11232007 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum sulfides (MoS x ) in both crystalline and amorphous forms are promising earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid. Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition was used to prepare thin films of both amorphous MoS x with adjustable S/Mo ratio (2.8-4.7) and crystalline MoS2 with tailored crystallinity, morphology, and electrical properties. All the amorphous MoS x films transform into highly HER-active amorphous MoS2 (overpotential 210-250 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in 0.5 M H2SO4) after electrochemical activation at approximately -0.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode. However, the initial film stoichiometry affects the structure and consequently the HER activity and stability. The material changes occurring during activation are studied using ex situ and quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Possible structures of as-deposited and activated catalysts are proposed. In contrast to amorphous MoS x , no changes in the structure of crystalline MoS2 catalysts are observed. The overpotentials of the crystalline films range from 300 to 520 mV at 10 mA/cm2, being the lowest for the most defective catalysts. This work provides a practical method for deposition of tailored MoS x HER electrocatalysts as well as new insights into their activity and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miika Mattinen
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca A. Dawley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Marcel A. Verheijen
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eurofins
Materials Science Netherlands, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - W. M. M. Kessels
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ageeth A. Bol
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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