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Janduang S, Cotchim S, Kongkaew S, Srilikhit A, Wannapob R, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Limbut W. Synthesis of flower-like ZnO nanoparticles for label-free point of care detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Talanta 2024; 277:126330. [PMID: 38833905 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
In this work, flower-like ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2 6H2O) as a precursor with KOH. The morphology of the ZnONPs was controlled by varying the synthesis temperature at 50, 75 and 95 °C. The morphology and structure of ZnONPs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett Teller analysis. ZnONPs were successfully synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation method. A synthesis temperature of 75 °C produced the most suitable flower-like ZnONPs, which were combined with graphene nanoplatelets to develop a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of the colon cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen in human serum. Under optimum conditions, the developed immunosensor showed a linear range of 0.5-10.0 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.44 ng mL-1. The label-free electrochemical immunosensor exhibited good selectivity, reproducibility, and repeatability, and recoveries were excellent. The immunosensor is used with a Near-Field Communication potentiostat connected to a smartphone to facilitate point-of-care cancer detection in low-resource locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santipap Janduang
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Suparat Cotchim
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Supatinee Kongkaew
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Angkana Srilikhit
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Rodtichoti Wannapob
- Silicon Craft Technology PLC, No. 40, Thetsabanrangsannua Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Zheng R, Wu A, Li J, Tang Z, Zhang J, Zhang M, Wei Z. Progress and Outlook on Electrochemical Sensing of Lung Cancer Biomarkers. Molecules 2024; 29:3156. [PMID: 38999110 PMCID: PMC11243195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as powerful tools for the ultrasensitive detection of lung cancer biomarkers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This review comprehensively discusses the progress and potential of nanocomposite-based electrochemical biosensors for early lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. By integrating nanomaterials like graphene, metal nanoparticles, and conducting polymers, these sensors have achieved clinically relevant detection limits in the fg/mL to pg/mL range. We highlight the key role of nanomaterial functionalization in enhancing sensitivity, specificity, and antifouling properties. This review also examines challenges related to reproducibility and clinical translation, emphasizing the need for standardization of fabrication protocols and robust validation studies. With the rapid growth in understanding lung cancer biomarkers and innovations in sensor design, nanocomposite electrochemical biosensors hold immense potential for point-of-care lung cancer screening and personalized therapy guidance. Realizing this goal will require strategic collaboration among material scientists, engineers, and clinicians to address technical and practical hurdles. Overall, this work provides valuable insight for developing next-generation smart diagnostic devices to combat the high mortality of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450053, China; (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (M.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Aochun Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450053, China; (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (M.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jiyue Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450099, China; (J.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhengfang Tang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450099, China; (J.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Junping Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (M.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Mingli Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (M.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zheng Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (M.Z.); (Z.W.)
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Walgama C, Raj N. Silver nanoparticles in electrochemical immunosensing and the emergence of silver-gold galvanic exchange detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11161-11173. [PMID: 37603415 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02561f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunosensors demonstrate high sensitivity toward biomarker detection due to the large surface area of the nanoparticles and their ability to amplify the signal of the target molecule. Additionally, they have a fast response time, relatively lower cost, and can be easily miniaturized for point-of-care applications. Among noble metals, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in electrochemical sensors due to their unique properties, such as catalytic activity and excellent electrical conductivity. This Feature Article describes six approaches for incorporating AgNPs in electrochemical platforms, featuring the most recent developments in the silver-gold galvanic exchange-based detection strategy. With a few exceptions, many of these detection methods use AgNP oxidation into Ag+ ions, followed by electrodeposition of Ag+ ions onto the working electrode as zero-valent Ag metal and a final stripping step using a voltammetric technique. Combining these steps provides desirable low detection limits and good sensitivity for various biomarkers. A few other methods involved the reduction of Ag+ ions and depositing them as Ag metal onto the electrode using a reagent mixture so that the striping analysis could be performed. Typically, this reagent mixture includes Ag+ ions, a reducing agent, or an enzyme substrate. Besides, AgNPs have also been directly used to modify the surface of electrodes to facilitate kinetically favored redox-mediated electrochemical reactions. In addition to Ag detection methods, this report will also provide recent examples to illustrate how the size and shape of AgNPs impact the detection limits and sensitivity of an electrochemical assay. Finally, we discuss recent developments in lab-on-a-chip type immunosensors designed explicitly for Ag-based metalloimmunoassay detection, and we envision that this article will provide a comprehensive summary of the operational principles and new insights into such immunoassay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Physical & Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | - Nikhil Raj
- Amgen Inc, 1 Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Qiu R, Dai J, Meng L, Gao H, Wu M, Qi F, Feng J, Pan H. A Novel Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on COF-LZU1 as Precursor to Form Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Nanosphere for CA19-9 Detection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3044-3065. [PMID: 35334069 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon sphere materials have a large variety of applications in several fields due to the large surface area, adaptable porosity, and good conductivity they possess. Obtaining a steady carbon sphere using the green synthesis method remains a significant challenge. In this experiment, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were used as a precursor and Fe3O4NPs were integrated into the precursor in order to synthesize a porous carbon sphere material using the one-step pyrolysis method. COFs have an ordered porous structure, perpetual porosity, large surface area, and low density and display good environmental tolerance. These properties make them an excellent precursor for synthesizing porous carbon sphere, which maintains good morphology at high temperatures, and it is not involved in the removal of dangerous reagent and small size restrictions during the synthesis process. In addition to the formation of a porous carbon sphere, transition metal carbon material that contains N element can be an active catalyst. The composites exhibit better activity when Fe is doped into carbon materials containing N element than that of other doped transition metals including Mn and Co. In this situation, the integration of Fe3O4NPs and N element in the COF precursor exposed the active sites of the composites and the two substances synergistically improved the electrocatalytic properties, and the composites were named Fe3O4@NPCS. The constructed Fe3O4@NPCS/GCE immunosensor was applied as a means of detecting CA19-9 antigen and presented a wide linear range from 0.00001 to 10 U/mL with a low detection limit of 2.429 μU/mL (S/N = 3). In addition, the prepared immunosensor was utilized for detecting CA19-9 antigen in the real human serum, and the recovery rates were in the range from 95.24% to 106.38%. Therefore, a porous carbon sphere prepared by COFs as a precursor can be applied for the detection of CA19-9 antigen in real samples, which could be an excellent strategy for CA19-9 antigen detection and could potentially promote the development of COF materials in various electrochemical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Qiu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jianmin Dai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Lingqiang Meng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Hongmin Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Mengdie Wu
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Feifan Qi
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jing Feng
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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