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Liu Y, Yu C, Lu H, Liu L, Tang J. Silver and g-C 3N 4 co-modified biochar (Ag-CN@BC) for enhancing photocatalytic/PDS degradation of BPA: Role of carrier and photoelectric mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119972. [PMID: 39260721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic property of nano Ag is weak and its enhancement is important to enlarge its application. Herein, a novel strategy of constructing silver g-C3N4 biochar composite (Ag-CN@BC) as photocatalyst is developed and its photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) coupled with peroxydisulfate (PDS) oxidation process is characterized. Characterization result showed that silver was evenly embedded into the g-C3N4 structure of the nitrogen atoms format, impeding agglomeration of Ag by distributing stably on biochar. In optimum condition, BPA of 10 mg/L could be degraded completely at pH of 9.0 with a 0.5 g/L photocatalyst, 2 mM PDS in Ag-CN@BC-2 (Ag/melamine molar ratio of 0.5)/PDS system (99.2%, k = 4.601 h-1). Ag-CN@BC shows superior mineralization ratio in degrading BPA to CO₂ and H₂O via active radical way, including holes (h⁺), superoxide radicals (•O2⁻), sulfate radicals (SO4•⁻), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Proper amount of silver can be dispersed effectively by gC3N4, which is responsible for improving the visible-light absorbing capability and accelerate charge transfer during activation of PDS for BPA degradation, while biochar as carrier in the composite is supposed to enhance the photoelectric degradation of BPA by reducing the band gap and increasing the photocurrent of Ag-CN@BC catalyst. Ag-CN@BC exhibits excellent catalyst stability and photocatalytic activity for treatment of toxic organic contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, China
| | - Linan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350, China.
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Kalantari Bolaghi Z, Rodriguez-Seco C, Yurtsever A, Ma D. Exploring the Remarkably High Photocatalytic Efficiency of Ultra-Thin Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:103. [PMID: 38202558 PMCID: PMC10781176 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a metal-free photocatalyst used for visible-driven hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, and organic pollutant degradation. In addition to the most attractive feature of visible photoactivity, its other benefits include thermal and photochemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and simple and easy-scale-up synthesis. However, its performance is still limited due to its low absorption at longer wavelengths in the visible range, and high charge recombination. In addition, the exfoliated nanosheets easily aggregate, causing the reduction in specific surface area, and thus its photoactivity. Herein, we propose the use of ultra-thin porous g-C3N4 nanosheets to overcome these limitations and improve its photocatalytic performance. Through the optimization of a novel multi-step synthetic protocol, based on an initial thermal treatment, the use of nitric acid (HNO3), and an ultrasonication step, we were able to obtain very thin and well-tuned material that yielded exceptional photodegradation performance of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation, without the need for any co-catalyst. About 96% of MO was degraded in as short as 30 min, achieving a normalized apparent reaction rate constant (k) of 1.1 × 10-2 min-1mg-1. This represents the highest k value ever reported using C3N4-based photocatalysts for MO degradation, based on our thorough literature search. Ultrasonication in acid not only prevents agglomeration of g-C3N4 nanosheets but also tunes pore size distribution and plays a key role in this achievement. We also studied their performance in a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), achieving a production of 1842 µmol h-1 g-1. Through a profound analysis of all the samples' structure, morphology, and optical properties, we provide physical insight into the improved performance of our optimized porous g-C3N4 sample for both photocatalytic reactions. This research may serve as a guide for improving the photocatalytic activity of porous two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Seco
- Centre Énergie Materiaux et Telécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada; (Z.K.B.); (A.Y.)
| | | | - Dongling Ma
- Centre Énergie Materiaux et Telécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada; (Z.K.B.); (A.Y.)
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Aljuaid A, Almehmadi M, Alsaiari AA, Allahyani M, Abdulaziz O, Alsharif A, Alsaiari JA, Saih M, Alotaibi RT, Khan I. g-C 3N 4 Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073199. [PMID: 37049963 PMCID: PMC10096294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial effluents containing dyes are the dominant pollutants, making the drinking water unfit. Among the dyes, methylene orange (MO) dye is mutagenic, carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, its removal from water bodies through effective and economical approach is gaining increased attention in the last decades. Photocatalytic degradation has the ability to convert economically complex dye molecules into non-toxic and smaller species via redox reactions, by using photocatalysts. g-C3N4 is a metal-free n-type semiconductor, typical nonmetallic and non-toxici polymeric photocatalyst. It widely used in photocatalytic materials, due to its easy and simple synthesis, fascinating electronic band structure, high stability and abundant availability. As a photocatalyst, its major drawbacks are its limited efficiency in separating photo-excited electron-hole pairs, high separated charge recombination, low specific surface area, and low absorption coefficient. In this review, we report the recent modification strategies adopted for g-C3N4 for the efficient photodegradation of MO dye. The different modification approaches, such as nanocomposites and heterojunctions, as well as doping and defect introductions, are briefly discussed. The mechanism of the photodegradation of MO dye by g-C3N4 and future perspectives are discussed. This review paper will predict strategies for the fabrication of an efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalyst for the photodegradation of MO dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulelah Aljuaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Allahyani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Magdi Saih
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rema Turki Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Idrees Khan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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