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Sun Y, Liang J, Zhang Z, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. Extraction, physicochemical properties, bioactivities and application of natural sweeteners: A review. Food Chem 2024; 457:140103. [PMID: 38905824 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Natural sweeteners generally refer to a sweet chemical component directly extracted from nature or obtained through appropriate modifications, mainly secondary metabolites of plants. Compared to the first-generation sweeteners represented by sucrose and the second-generation sweeteners represented by sodium cyclamate, natural sweeteners usually have high sweetness, low-calorie content, good solubility, high stability, and rarely toxic side effects. Historically, researchers mainly focus on the function of natural sweeteners as substitutes for sugars in the food industry. This paper reviews the bioactivities of several typical natural sweeteners, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-hyperglycemic activities. In addition, we have summarized the extraction, physicochemical properties, and application of natural sweeteners. The article aimed to comprehensively collate vital information about natural sweeteners and review the potentiality of tapping bioactive compounds from natural products. Hopefully, this review provides insights into the further development of natural sweeteners as therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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2
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Ali SMA, Khan J, Shahid R, Shabbir S, Ayoob MF, Imran M. Chitosan-carrageenan microbeads containing nano-encapsulated curcumin: Nano-in-micro hydrogels as alternative-therapeutics for resistant pathogens associated with chronic wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134841. [PMID: 39209593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an issue of global relevance for the treatment of chronic wound infections. In this study, nano-in-micro hydrogels (microbeads) of chitosan and κ-carrageenan (CCMBs) containing curcumin-loaded rhamnosomes (Cur-R) were developed. The potential of Cur-R-CCMBs for improving the antibacterial activity and sustained release of curcumin was evaluated. Curcumin-loaded rhamnosomes (rhamnolipids functionalized liposomes) had a mean particle size of 116 ± 7 nm and a surface-charge of -24.5 ± 9.4 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin increased from 42.83 % ± 0.69 % in Cur-R to 95.24 % ± 3.61 % respectively after their embedding in CCMBs. SEM revealed smooth surface morphology of Cur-R-CCMBs. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of weak electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions among curcumin, rhamnosomes, and microbeads. Cur-R-CCMBs had demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant chronic wound pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cur-R-CCMBs also exhibited significantly higher anti-oxidant (76.85 % ± 2.12 %) and anti-inflammatory activity (91.94 % ± 0.41 %) as well as hemocompatibility (4.024 % ± 0.59 %) as compared to pristine microbeads. In vivo infection model of mice revealed significant reduction in the viable bacterial count of S. aureus (∼2.5 log CFU/mL) and P. aeruginosa (∼2 log CFU/mL) for Cur-R-CCMBs after 5 days. Therefore, nano-in-micro hydrogels can improve the overall efficacy of hydrophobic antimicrobials to develop effective alternative-therapeutics against resistant-pathogens associated with chronic wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javeria Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramla Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Kohsar University Murree (KUM), Murree 47150, Pakistan
| | - Saima Shabbir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Ayoob
- National Veterinary Laboratories, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Gomes SM, Gaspar MM, Coelho JMP, Reis CP. Targeting superficial cancers with gold nanoparticles: a review of current research. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:781-799. [PMID: 39314189 PMCID: PMC11457633 DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2024.2395249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Superficial cancers typically refer to cancers confined to the surface layers of tissue. Low-targeting therapies or side effects prompt exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), due to their unique optical properties, serve as effective photosensitizers, enabling tumor ablation through photothermal therapy (PTT). PTT induced by AuNPs can be achieved through light sources externally applied to the skin. Near-infrared radiation is the main light candidate due to its deep tissue penetration capability. This review explores recent advancements in AuNP-based PTT for superficial cancers, specifically breast, head and neck, thyroid, bladder and prostate cancers. Additionally, challenges and future directions in utilizing AuNPs for cancer treatment are discussed, emphasizing the importance of balancing efficacy with safety in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João MP Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Afreen A, Hameed H, Tariq M, Sharif MS, Ahmed R, Waheed A, Kousar MB, Akram Z. Shining insights: Deciphering the biogenic synthesis of Ajuga bracteosa-mediated gold nanoparticles with advanced microscopy techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1984-1996. [PMID: 38619301 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were bioreduced from Ajuga bracteosa, a medicinal herb known for its therapeutic properties against various diseases. Different fractions of the plant extract were used, including the methanolic fraction (ABMF), the n-hexane fraction (ABHF), the chloroform fraction (ABCF), and the aqueous extract for AuNPs synthesis. The characterization of AuNPs was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, and TEM. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AuNPs, with peaks observed at 555 nm. FT-IR analysis indicated strong capping of phytochemicals on the surface of AuNPs, which was supported by higher total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) in AuNPs. XRD results showed high crystallinity and a smaller size distribution of AuNPs. TEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of AuNPs, with an average size of 29 ± 10 nm. The biologically synthesized AuNPs exhibited superior antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities compared to the plant extract fractions. The presence of active biomolecules in A. bracteosa, such as neoclerodan flavonol glycosides, diterpenoids, phytoecdysone, and iridoid glycosides, contributed to the enhanced biological activities of AuNPs. Overall, this research highlights the potential of A. bracteosa-derived AuNPs for various biomedical applications due to their remarkable therapeutic properties and effective capping by phytochemicals. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This research underscores the growing significance of herbal medicine in contemporary healthcare by exploring the therapeutic potential of Ajuga bracteosa and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The study highlights the notable efficacy of A. bracteosa leaf extracts and AuNPs in treating bacterial infections, demonstrating their bactericidal effects on a range of strains. The anti-inflammatory properties of plant extracts and nanoparticles are evidenced through paw edema method suggesting their applicability in managing inflammatory conditions. These findings position A. bracteosa and AuNPs as potential candidates for alternative and effective approaches to modern medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Afreen
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Hameed
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shakeeb Sharif
- Department of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Scuola Superiore Meridionale Via Mezzocannone, Naples, Italy
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Momina Bint Kousar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Akram
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan
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Wang X, Zhang R, Ma X, Xu Z, Ma M, Zhang T, Ma Y, Shi F. Carbon dots@noble metal nanoparticle composites: research progress report. Analyst 2024; 149:665-688. [PMID: 38205593 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01580g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots@noble metal nanoparticle composites are formed by combining carbon dots and metal nanoparticles using various strategies. Carbon dots exhibit a reducing ability and function as stabilisers; consequently, metal-ion solutions can be directly reduced by them to synthesise gold, silver, and gold-silver alloy particles. Carbon dots@gold/silver/gold-silver particle composites have demonstrated the potential for several practical applications owing to their superior properties and simple preparation process. Until now, several review articles have been published to summarise fluorescent carbon dots or noble metal nanomaterials. Compared with metal-free carbon dots, carbon dots@noble metal nanoparticles have a unique morphology and structure, resulting in new physicochemical properties, which allow for sensing, bioimaging, and bacteriostasis applications. Therefore, to promote the effective development of carbon dots@noble metal nanoparticle composites, this paper primarily reviews carbon dots@gold/silver/gold-silver alloy nanoparticle composites for the first time in terms of the following aspects. (1) The synthesis strategies of carbon dots@noble metal nanoparticle composites are outlined. The principle and function of carbon dots in the synthesis strategies are examined. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods and composites are analysed. (2) The characteristics and properties of such composites are described. (3) The applications of these composite materials are summarised. Finally, the potentials and limitations of carbon dots@noble metal nanoparticle composites are discussed, thus laying the foundation for their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Renyin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Zhihua Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Mingze Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Tieying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Feng Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
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Naseer N, Mustafa MM, Latief N, Fazal N, Tariq M, Afreen A, Yaqub F, Riazuddin S. Sarcococca saligna fabricated gold nanoparticles alleviated in vitro oxidative stress and inflammation in human adipose-derived stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:2032-2043. [PMID: 37560935 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a destructive phenomenon that affects various cell structures including membranes, proteins, lipoproteins, lipids, and DNA. Oxidative stress and inflammation owing to lifestyle changes may lead to serious diseases such as Cancers, Gout, and Arthritis etc. These disorders can be prevented using different therapeutic strategies including nanomedicine. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities can be key player in reversal of these ailments. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of bio fabricated GNPs with Sarcococca saligna (S. saligna) extract on injured human adipose-derived Mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). GNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDS). Phytochemical screening of biosynthesized GNPs exhibited a significant release of polyphenols, that is, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). GNPs priming amended the in vitro injury caused by Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA) as exhibited by improved cell viability, wound closure response and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). The anti-inflammatory conduct assessed through NF-κB pathway and other associated inflammatory markers reported down-regulation of TNF-α (0.644 ± 0.045), IL-1β (0.694 ± 0.147) and IL-6 (0.622 ± 0.112), apoptosis causing genes like Caspase-3 (0.734 ± 0.13) and BAX (0.830 ± 0.12), NF-κB pathway, p65 (0.672 ± 0.084) and p105 (0.539 ± 0.083) associated genes. High SOD activity (95 ± 5.25%) revealed by treated hADMSCs with GNPs also supported the antioxidant role of GNPs in vitro model. This study concludes that S. saligna bio fabricated GNPs priming may improve the therapeutic potential of hADMSCs against chronic inflammatory problems by regulating NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Munam Mustafa
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Latief
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Numan Fazal
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Afshan Afreen
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Yaqub
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Allama Iqbal Medical College (AIMC), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Langer D, Mlynarczyk DT, Dlugaszewska J, Tykarska E. Potential of glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids against influenza type A and B viruses: A perspective to develop new anti-influenza compounds and drug delivery systems. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114934. [PMID: 36455358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent dynamic development of medicine, influenza is still a significant epidemiological problem for people around the world. The growing resistance of influenza viruses to currently available antiviral drugs makes it necessary to search for new compounds or drug forms with potential high efficacy against human influenza A and B viruses. One of the methods of obtaining new active compounds is to chemically modify privileged structures occurring in the natural environment. The second solution, that is gaining more and more interest, is the use of modern drug carriers, which significantly improve physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of the transported substances. Molecules known from the earliest times for their numerous therapeutic properties are glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GE). Both compounds constitute the main active agents of the licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Leguminosae) root and, according to a number of scientific reports, show antiviral properties against both DNA and RNA viruses. The above information prompted many scientific teams around the world to obtain and test in vitro and/or in vivo new synthetic GA and GE derivatives against influenza A and B viruses. Similarly, in recent years, a significant amount of GA and GE-based drug delivery systems (DDS) such as nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, nanocrystals, and carbon dots has been prepared and tested for antiviral activity, including those against influenza A and B viruses. This work systematizes the attempts undertaken to study the antiviral activity of new GA and GE analogs and modern DDS against clinically significant human influenza viruses, at the same time indicating the directions of their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langer
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Dlugaszewska
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland
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