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Liu C, Gao C, Song L, Li X, Chen X, Wu J, Song W, Wei W, Liu L. Fine-Tuning Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Synthesis in Escherichia coli for Cadaverine Production in Minimal Culture Media. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1820-1830. [PMID: 38767944 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cadaverine is a critical C5 monomer for the production of polyamides. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), as a crucial cofactor for the key enzyme lysine decarboxylase in the cadaverine biosynthesis pathway, has seen a persistent shortage, leading to limitations in cadaverine production. To address this issue, a dual-pathway strategy was implemented, synergistically enhancing both endogenous and heterologous PLP synthesis modules and resulting in improved PLP synthesis. Subsequently, a growth-stage-dependent molecular switch was introduced to balance the precursor competition between PLP synthesis and cell growth. Additionally, a PLP sensor-based negative feedback circuit was constructed by integrating a newly identified PLP-responsive promoter PygjH and an arabinose-regulated system, dynamically regulating the expression of the PLP synthetic genes and preventing excessive intracellular PLP accumulation. The optimal strain, L18, cultivated in the minimal medium AM1, demonstrated cadaverine production with a titer, yield, and productivity of 64.03 g/L, 0.23 g/g glucose, and 1.33 g/L/h, respectively. This represents the highest titer reported to date in engineered Escherichia coli by fed-batch fermentation in a minimal medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunping Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Longfei Song
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Chen YY, Huang JC, Wu CY, Yu SQ, Wang YT, Ye C, Shi TQ, Huang H. A comprehensive review on the recent advances for 5-aminolevulinic acid production by the engineered bacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38705840 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2336532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid essential for synthesizing tetrapyrrole compounds, including heme, chlorophyll, cytochrome, and vitamin B12. As a plant growth regulator, 5-ALA is extensively used in agriculture to enhance crop yield and quality. The complexity and low yield of chemical synthesis methods have led to significant interest in the microbial synthesis of 5-ALA. Advanced strategies, including the: enhancement of precursor and cofactor supply, compartmentalization of key enzymes, product transporters engineering, by-product formation reduction, and biosensor-based dynamic regulation, have been implemented in bacteria for 5-ALA production, significantly advancing its industrialization. This article offers a comprehensive review of recent developments in 5-ALA production using engineered bacteria and presents new insights to propel the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Cong Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Yun Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Qin Yu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue-Tong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Sun SY, Yin X, Ma JY, Wang XL, Xu XM, Wu JN, Zhang CW, Lu Y, Liu T, Zhang L, Kang PP, Wu B, Zhou GK. Histamine H4 receptor and TRPV1 mediate itch induced by cadaverine, a metabolite of the microbiome. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241272149. [PMID: 39079948 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241272149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadaverine is an endogenous metabolite produced by the gut microbiome with various activity in physiological and pathological conditions. However, whether cadaverine regulates pain or itch remains unclear. In this study, we first found that cadaverine may bind to histamine 4 receptor (H4R) with higher docking energy score using molecular docking simulations, suggesting cadaverine may act as an endogenous ligand for H4R. We subsequently found intradermal injection of cadaverine into the nape or cheek of mice induces a dose-dependent scratching response in mice, which was suppressed by a selective H4R antagonist JNJ-7777120, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine and PLC inhibitor U73122, but not H1R antagonist or TRPA1 antagonist or TRPV4 antagonist. Consistently, cadaverine-induced itch was abolished in Trpv1-/- but not Trpa1-/- mice. Pharmacological analysis indicated that mast cells and opioid receptors were also involved in cadaverine-induced itch in mice. scRNA-Seq data analysis showed that H4R and TRPV1 are mainly co-expressed on NP2, NP3 and PEP1 DRG neurons. Calcium imaging analysis showed that cadaverine perfusion enhanced calcium influx in the dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which was suppressed by JNJ-7777120 and capsazepine, as well as in the DRG neurons from Trpv1-/- mice. Patch-clamp recordings found that cadaverine perfusion significantly increased the excitability of small diameter DRG neurons, and JNJ-7777120 abolished this effect, indicating involvement of H4R. Together, these results provide evidences that cadaverine is a novel endogenous pruritogens, which activates H4R/TRPV1 signaling pathways in the primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Sun
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun-Yi Ma
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue-Long Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Mei Xu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing-Ni Wu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pei-Pei Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guo-Kun Zhou
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Yan K, Wang J, Wang Z, Yuan L. Bio-based monomers for amide-containing sustainable polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:382-400. [PMID: 36524867 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The field of sustainable polymers from renewable feedstocks is a fast-reviving field after the decades-long domination of petroleum-based polymers. Amide-containing polymers exhibit a wide range of properties depending on the type of amide (primary, secondary, and tertiary), amide density, and other molecular structural parameters (co-existing groups, molecular weight, and topology). Engineering amide groups into sustainable polymers via the "monomer approach" is an industrially proven strategy, while bio-based monomers are of enormous importance to bridge the gap between renewable sources and amide-containing sustainable polymers (AmSPs). This feature article aims at conceptualizing the monomer-design philosophy behind most of the reported AmSPs and is organized by discussing di-functional monomers for step-growth polymerization, cyclic monomers for ring-opening polymerization and amide-containing monomers for chain-growth polymerization. We also give a perspective on AmSPs with respect to monomer design and performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Yan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
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Xue C, Ng IS. A direct enzymatic evaluation platform (DEEP) to fine-tuning pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent proteins for cadaverine production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:272-283. [PMID: 36271696 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal phosphate, PLP) is an essential cofactor for multiple enzymatic reactions in industry. However, cofactor engineering based on PLP regeneration and related to the performance of enzymes in chemical production has rarely been discussed. First, we found that MG1655 strain was sensitive to nitrogen source and relied on different amino acids, thus the biomass was significantly reduced when PLP excess in the medium. Then, the six KEIO collection strains were applied to find out the prominent gene in deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) pathway, where pdxB was superior in controlling cell growth. Therefore, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) targeted on pdxB in MG1655 was employed to establish a novel direct enzymatic evaluation platform (DEEP) as a high-throughput tool and obtained the optimal modules for incorporating of PLP to enhance the biomass and activity of PLP-dependent enzymes simultaneously. As a result, the biomass has increased by 55% using PlacI promoter driven pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PdxH) with a trace amount of precursor. When the strains incorporated DEEP and lysine decarboxylase (CadA), the cadaverine productivity was increased 32% due to the higher expression of CadA. DEEP is not only feasible for high-throughput screening of the best chassis for PLP engineering but also practical in fine-tuning the quantity and quality of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kalia VC, Gong C, Shanmugam R, Lee JK. Prospecting Microbial Genomes for Biomolecules and Their Applications. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:516-523. [PMID: 36458216 PMCID: PMC9705627 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive molecules of microbial origin are finding increasing biotechnological applications. Their sources range from the terrestrial, marine, and endophytic to the human microbiome. These biomolecules have unique chemical structures and related groups, which enable them to improve the efficiency of the bioprocesses. This review focuses on the applications of biomolecules in bioremediation, agriculture, food, pharmaceutical industries, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Chunjie Gong
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ramasamy Shanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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Zhao C, Zheng T, Feng Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Hu Q, Chen J, Wu F, Chen GQ. Engineered Halomonas spp. for production of l-Lysine and cadaverine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126865. [PMID: 35183730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadaverine, a derivative of l-lysine, has been used as a monomer for the synthesis of bio-based nylon-5,6. This study engineered Halomonas bluephagenesis TD1.0 by blocking the feedback inhibition, overexpressing the key l-lysine synthesis genes, strengthening the l-lysine export system and increasing the supply of oxaloacetate for production of l-lysine in the supernatant and PHB in the cells. Subsequently, cadaverine biosynthetic pathway was constructed in H. campaniensis LC-9 to improve the efficiency of de novo cadaverine biosynthesis which combines l-lysine producing H. bluephagenesis TDL8-68-259 and cadaverine producing H. campaniensis LC-9-ldcC-lysP. When H. campaniensis LC-9-ldcC-lysP was used as a whole cell catalysis for cadaverine production, the conversion efficiency of l-lysine to cadaverine reached 100% in the presence of 0.05% Triton X-100 for cell membrane permeability enhancement, resulting in 118 g L-1 cadaverine formed in the fermentor. Thus, Halomonas spp. have been successfully constructed for l-lysine and cadaverine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihuan Zhao
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Taoran Zheng
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing PhaBuilder Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shunyi District, 101399, PR China
| | - Yinghao Feng
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lizhan Zhang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qitiao Hu
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jinchun Chen
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysts, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, PR China; MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysts, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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From Enzyme to Preparative Cascade Reactions with Immobilized Enzymes: Tuning Fe(II)/α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Lysine Hydroxylases for Application in Biotransformations. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (KDOs) catalyze a broad range of selective C–H oxidation reactions. However, the difficult production of KDOs in recombinant E. coli strains and their instability in purified form have so far limited their application in preparative biotransformations. Here, we investigated the immobilization of three KDOs (CaKDO, CpKDO, FjKDO) that catalyze the stereoselective hydroxylation of the L-lysine side chain using two one-step immobilization techniques (HaloTag®, EziG™). The HaloTag®-based immobilisates reached the best results with respect to residual activity and stability. In preparative lab-scale experiments, we achieved product titers of 16 g L−1 (3S)-hydroxy-L-lysine (CaKDO) and (4R)-hydroxy-L-lysine (FjKDO), respectively, starting from 100 mM L-lysine. Using a HaloTag®-immobilized lysine decarboxylase from Selenomonas ruminantium (SrLDC), the (3S)-hydroxy-L-lysine from the CaKDO-catalyzed reaction was successfully converted to (2S)-hydroxy-cadaverine without intermediate product purification, yielding a product titer of 11.6 g L−1 in a 15 mL consecutive batch reaction. We propose that covalent in situ immobilization is an appropriate tool to access the preparative potential of many other KDOs.
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Kang SB, Choi JI. Production of Cadaverine in Recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum Overexpressing Lysine Decarboxylase (ldcC) and Response Regulator dr1558. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1013-1024. [PMID: 34529230 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the response regulator DR1558 from Deinococcus radiodurans was overexpressed in recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum with lysine decarboxylase (ldcC). The recombinant C. glutamicum strain overexpressing dr1558 and ldcC produced 5.9 g/L of cadaverine by flask cultivation, whereas the control strain overexpressing only ldcC produced 4.5 g/L of cadaverine. To investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of DR1558, the expression levels of genes related to central metabolism and lysine-biosynthesis were analyzed by quantitative-real time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pck) was downregulated, and pyruvate kinase (pyk) and other lysine biosynthesis genes were upregulated. Furthermore, in fed-batch fermentation, C. glutamicum coexpressing dr1558 produced 25.14 g/L of cadaverine, a 1.25-fold increase in concentration relative to the control. These results suggested that the heterologous expression of dr1558 may improve the production of biorefinery products by recombinant C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soong-Bin Kang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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