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Costa JCS, Lobo Ferreira AIMC, Lima CFRA, Santos LMBF. The Cohesive Interactions in Phenylimidazoles. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4674-4684. [PMID: 38815182 PMCID: PMC11182350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive study exploring the thermodynamics of the solid phase of a series of phenylimidazoles, encompassing experimental measurements of heat capacity, volatility, and thermal behavior. The influence of successive phenyl group insertions on the imidazole ring on thermodynamic properties and supramolecular behavior was thoroughly examined through the evaluation of 2-phenylimidazole (2-PhI), 4-phenylimidazole (4-PhI), 4,5-diphenylimidazole (4,5-DPhI), and 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole (2,4,5-TPhI). Structural correlations between molecular structure and thermodynamic properties were established. Furthermore, the investigation employed UV-vis spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Additive effects arising from the introduction of phenyl groups were found through the analysis of the solid-liquid and solid-gas equilibria, as well as heat capacities. A good correlation emerged between the thermodynamic properties of sublimation and the molar volume of the unit cell, evident across 2-PhI, 4,5-DPhI, and 2,4,5-TPhI. In contrast to its isomer 2-PhI, 4-PhI exhibited greater cohesive energy due to the stronger N-H···N intermolecular interactions, leading to the disruption of coplanar geometry in the 4-PhI molecules. The observed higher entropies of phase transition (fusion and sublimation) are consistent with the higher structural order observed in the crystalline lattice of 4-PhI.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C. S. Costa
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular
Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto P4169-007, Portugal
| | - Ana I. M. C. Lobo Ferreira
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular
Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto P4169-007, Portugal
| | - Carlos F. R. A.
C. Lima
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular
Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto P4169-007, Portugal
| | - Luís M.
N. B. F. Santos
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular
Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto P4169-007, Portugal
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Zhang X, Dou Y, Liu L, Song M, Xi Z, Xu Y, Shen W, Wang J. Polyimide Films Based on β-Cyclodextrin Polyrotaxane with Low Dielectric and Excellent Comprehensive Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:901. [PMID: 38611159 PMCID: PMC11013264 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to prepare polyimide (PI) films with a low dielectric constant and excellent comprehensive performance, a two-step method was employed in this study to integrate β-cyclodextrin into a semi-aromatic fluorine-containing polyimide ternary system. By introducing trifluoromethyl groups to reduce the dielectric constant, the dielectric constant was further reduced to 2.55 at 10 MHz. Simultaneously, the film exhibited noteworthy thermal stability (a glass transition temperature exceeding 300 °C) and a high coefficient of thermal expansion. The material also demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties, boasting a strength of 122 MPa and a modulus of 2.2 GPa, along with high optical transparency (transmittance reaching up to 89% at 450 nm). Moreover, the inherent high transparency of colorless polyimide (CPI) combined with good stretchability contributed to the attainment of a low dielectric constant. This strategic approach not only opens up new opportunities for novel electroactive polymers but also holds potential applications in flexible displays, circuit printing, and chip packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Yao Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Meixuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Zhenhao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Weihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
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Rashamuse TJ, Coyanis EM, Erasmus R, Magwa NP. Novel Fluorescent Tetrahedral Zinc (II) Complexes Derived from 4-Phenyl-1-octyl-1 H-imidazole Fused with Aryl-9 H-Carbazole and Triarylamine Donor Units: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Photophysical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12260. [PMID: 37569639 PMCID: PMC10418610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We present here the design, synthesis, and photophysical properties of two novel fluorescent zinc (II) complexes, ZnCl2(ImL1)2 and ZnCl2(ImL2)2, containing 4-(1-octyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-amine ImL1 and 9-(4-(1-octyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-[1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9H-carbazole ImL2 ligands. The newly synthesized free ligands and their zinc (II) complexes were characterized using several spectroscopic techniques; their structures were identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; and their photophysical properties have been studied in the context of their chemical structure. The ZnCl2(ImL1)2 and ZnCl2(ImL2)2 complexes showed good thermal stability at 341 °C and 365 °C, respectively. Photophysical properties, including UV-Vis absorption spectra in ethanol solution and photoluminescence (PL) in both solid state and ethanol solution, were determined. UV-Vis adsorption data indicated that both free ligands had similar UV-Vis absorption properties, while their Zn (II) complexes had distinctive absorption characteristics. The fluorescence spectra show that both ligands and their corresponding Zn (II) complexes emit violet to cyan luminescence in the solid state at room temperature, while in ethanol solution at the same temperature, they exhibit efficient photoluminescence properties in the UV-A emission spectral region. Because of these photophysical properties, the synthesized ligands and their cognate Zn (II) complexes can be used as scaffolds for the potential development of optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thompho Jason Rashamuse
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa;
| | - Elena Mabel Coyanis
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa;
| | - Rudolph Erasmus
- Materials for Energy Research Group, Material Physics Research Institute, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Nomampondo Penelope Magwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa;
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Li H, Wang X, Gong Y, Zhao H, Liu Z, Tao L, Peng Y, Ma K, Hu Z, Dastan D. Polyimide/crown ether composite film with low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss for high signal transmission. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7585-7596. [PMID: 36908549 PMCID: PMC9993404 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric properties of polyimide (PI) are constrained by its inherent molecular structure and inter-chain packing capacities. The compromised dielectric properties of PI, however, could be rescued by introducing trifluoromethyl and forming a host-guest inclusion complex with the introduction of crown ethers (CEs). Herein, we report PI/crown ether composite films as a communication substrate that could be applied under high frequency circumstances. In this work, three kinds of bisphenol A-containing diamine (2,2'-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 2,2-bis[4-(2-methyl-4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, and 2,2-bis[4-(2-trifluoro methyl-4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane) are synthesized and polymerized with 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride to prepare low-dielectric PI films by means of thermal imidization. Crown ethers are introduced into the PI with different mass fractions to obtain three series of PI films. Following the combination of trifluoromethyl into the molecular chain of PI, high frequency dielectric loss of modified PI films can be effectively reduced. The properties of these materials (especially the dielectric properties) are thoroughly explored by crown ether addition. The results show that the crown ether addition process can offer crown ethers with increased free volume of PI matrix, thus allowing them to generate a special necklace-like supramolecular structure, which makes the crown ether disperse more uniformly in the PI matrix, resulting in improved dielectric properties. Importantly, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the composite films at high frequencies are remarkably reduced to 2.33 and 0.00337, respectively. Therefore, these composite films are expected to find extensive use as a 5G communication substrate at high frequencies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
| | - Xinming Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
| | - Yuze Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China .,Sinochem LantianFluoro Materials Co., Ltd China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China .,Oxiranchem Holding Group Co. Ltd Liaoyang 111003 China
| | - Zhaobin Liu
- Oxiranchem Holding Group Co. Ltd Liaoyang 111003 China
| | - Lin Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
| | - Youyou Peng
- Montverde Future Academy Shanghai 88 jianhao Road, Pudong New District Shanghai 201318 China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China .,Oxiranchem Holding Group Co. Ltd Liaoyang 111003 China
| | - Davoud Dastan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Li MS, Sheng S, Wang J, Wu FA. A double-population chaotic self-adaptive evolutionary dynamics model for the prediction of supercritical carbon dioxide solubility in polymers. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211419. [PMID: 35116155 PMCID: PMC8767190 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Solubility of gas in polymers is an important physico-chemical property of foam materials and widely used in the preparation and modification of new materials. Under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the dissolution process is a nonlinear, non-equilibrium and dynamic process, so it is difficult to establish an accurate solubility calculation model. Inspired by particle dynamics and evolutionary algorithm, this paper proposes a hybrid model based on chaotic self-adaptive particle dynamics evolutionary algorithm (CSA-PD-EA), which can use the iterative process of particles in evolutionary algorithms at the dynamic level to simulate the mutual diffusion process of molecules during dissolution. The predicted solubility of supercritical CO2 in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), poly(l-lactide) and poly(vinyl acetate) indicated that the comprehensive prediction performance of the CSA-PD-EA model was high. The calculation error and correlation coefficient were, respectively, 0.3842 and 0.9187. The CSA-PD-EA model showed prominent advantages in accuracy, efficiency and correlation over other computational models, and its calculation time was 4.144-15.012% of that of other dynamic models. The CSA-PD-EA model has wide application prospects in the computation of physical and chemical properties and can provide the basis for the theoretical calculation of multi-scale complex systems in chemistry, materials, biology and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, People's Republic of China
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-shan Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, People's Republic of China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, People's Republic of China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-an Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, People's Republic of China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, People's Republic of China
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Bai W, Lu Y, Hu Z, Xiao G, Zhao H, Zhu J, Liu Z. Photoluminescence, thermal and surface properties of triarylimidazole-containing polyimide nanocomposite films. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36066-36077. [PMID: 35492777 PMCID: PMC9043153 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a triarylimidazole-containing diamine 2-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-bis(4-(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl)imidazole (MPBAI) was firstly synthesized and polymerized with 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) to prepare transparent polyimide (PI) films by means of thermal imidization. Then, inorganic nanoparticles including silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) were separately introduced into the PI(MPBAI-CBDA) with different mass fractions of 0.02%, 0.10%, 0.50% and 2.50% to obtain three series of PI nanocomposite films. All these films were close to colorless and transparent, although the light transmittance showed a downward trend due to the introduction of nanoparticles. Moreover, as the content of inorganic nanoparticles increased, the fluorescence intensities of these films were increased. Comparatively, the improvement effect of nano-SiO2 was the most obvious. When the content of SiO2 was 2.50%, the maximum intensity of the fluorescence absorption peak was increased by 9.6 times, and the absolute fluorescence quantum yield reached 17.2%, about 5.2 times that of the original PI film. Moreover, the maximum absorption peak produced a red shift of 85 nm due to the addition of 2.50% Si3N4, which was probably caused by the weakening of fluorescence quenching effect and high permittivity. The nanocomposites exhibited high glass transition temperatures of around 300 °C and excellent thermal stabilities. The surface hydrophobicity was changed by adjusting the mass and type of nanoparticles. Thus, this work provided a simple way to improve the photoluminescence effect by introducing the nanoparticles. The functional films will be expected to be applied in some optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning P. R. China
- Oxiranchem Holding Group Co. Ltd Liaoyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Guoyong Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning P. R. China
- Oxiranchem Holding Group Co. Ltd Liaoyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Oxiranchem Holding Group Co. Ltd Liaoyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Zhaobin Liu
- Oxiranchem Holding Group Co. Ltd Liaoyang Liaoning P. R. China
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