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An Y, Wang Z, Wu FG. Fluorescent carbon dots for discriminating cell types: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3945-3962. [PMID: 38886239 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are quasi-spherical carbon nanoparticles with excellent photoluminescence, good biocompatibility, favorable photostability, and easily modifiable surfaces. CDs, serving as fluorescent probes, have emerged as an ideal tool for cellular differentiation owing to their outstanding luminescence performance and tunable surface properties. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress with CDs in the differentiation of cancer/normal cells, Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria, and live/dead cells, as well as the cellular differences used for differentiation. Additionally, we summarize the preparation methods, raw materials, and properties of the CDs used for cell discrimination. The differentiation mechanisms and the advantages or limitations of the differentiation methods are also introduced. Finally, we propose several research challenges in this field and future research directions that require extensive investigation. It is hoped that this review will help researchers in the design of new CDs as ideal fluorescent probes for realizing diverse cell differentiation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolong An
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices of Jiangsu Province, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices of Jiangsu Province, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices of Jiangsu Province, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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2
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Wang C, Chen L, Tan R, Li Y, Zhao Y, Liao L, Ge Z, Ding C, Xing Z, Zhou P. Carbon dots and composite materials with excellent performances in cancer-targeted bioimaging and killing: a review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [PMID: 37965983 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are nanomaterials with excellent properties, including good biocompatibility, small size, ideal photoluminescence and surface modification, and are becoming one of the most attractive nanomaterials for the imaging, detection and treatment of tumors. Based on these advantages, CDs can be combined other materials to obtain composite particles with improved, even new, performance, mainly in photothermal and photodynamic therapies. This paper reviews the research progress of CDs and their composites in targeted tumor imaging, detection, diagnosis, drug delivery and tumor killing. It also discusses and proposes the challenges and perspectives of their future applications in these fields. This review provides ideas for future applications of novel CD-based materials in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Biological Intelligence Manufacturing of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Rongshuang Tan
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yuchen Li
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lingzi Liao
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhangjie Ge
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Chuanyang Ding
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhankui Xing
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Biological Intelligence Manufacturing of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Zhong Z, Zhang Y, Fu X, Liu S, Zhang C, Guo W, Xu X, Liao L. Construction of photo-induced zinc-doped carbon dots based on drug-resistant bactericides and their application for local treatment. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5365-5377. [PMID: 36540119 PMCID: PMC9724749 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this project, we propose a highly effective photosensitizer that breaks through drug-resistant bacterial infections with zinc-doped carbon dots. By passing through the membrane of drug-resistant bacteria, the photosensitizers produce ROS in bacteria under the action of blue light to directly kill bacteria, so as to realize the antibacterial local treatment of drug-resistant bacteria. The experiment firstly uses an efficient one-step hydrothermal method to prepare zinc-doped red-light CDs as photosensitizers, in which zinc metal was doped to improve the optical properties of the CDs. Then we try first to use EDTA as a second-step attenuator for preparing CDs to obtain photosensitizers with high-efficiency and low toxicity. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, bacterial effect tests, and in vivo animal experiments have also demonstrated that this antibacterial method has great potential for clinical translation, with a bactericidal efficiency of up to 90%. More notably, we used this antibacterial regimen seven times repeatedly to simulate the bacterial resistance process, with a bactericidal efficiency of up to 90% every time. The result indicated that S. aureus did not develop resistance to our method, showing that our method has the potential to break through drug-resistant bacterial infections as an alternative to antibiotic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling Zhong
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Neijiang Medical School in Sichuan Province Neijiang 641199 China
| | - Shuyao Liu
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Weijie Guo
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Liyun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College 783, Xindu Avenue Chengdu 610500 China
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Tao J, Zou H, Liao X, Lu X, Cao J, Pan J, Li C, Zheng Y. Fabrication of FA/HA-functionalized carbon dots for human breast cancer cell targeted imaging. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103099. [PMID: 36055626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Green fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method and then modified into folic acid functionalized carbon dots (FA-CDs) and hyaluronic acid functionalized carbon dots (HA-CDs) with targeted function to study their application in breast cancer cells imaging. The microstructure of the CDs observed through TEM showed the CDs with a scale of 2.69 nm. FT-IR and XPS showed the changes of bonds and functional groups that confirmed the transformation of COOH and NH2 to amide bonds. FA-CDs and HA-CDs had good water solubility and cytocompatibility, which laid a foundation for their application in human breast cancer cells imaging. At the same time, FA-CDs and HA-CDs had strong fluorescence excitation, and the optimal emission wavelength was about 450 nm. In fluorescence imaging of cells, carbon dots had bright green fluorescence in both breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) and normal cells (EC cells). After targeted endocytosis, FA-CDs and HA-CDs could emit bright green fluorescence in cancer cells but could not in normal cells, which proved that the synthesized FA-CDs and HA-CDs had targeting properties. FA-CDs and HA-CDs could be used to accurately identify breast cancer cells and normal cells as cancer diagnosis material, which had the potential application in early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Tao
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Liao
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Lu
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaorong Li
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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