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Zi R, Han Z, Yu Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Guo X, Chen J, Zhang X, Yang J. Properties of Mixed Crystal Coprecipitation Substances of Ammonium Nitrate and Potassium Perchlorate Prepared by the Evaporative Solvent Method. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1573-1590. [PMID: 38222512 PMCID: PMC10785307 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) has been widely used as an oxidizer in propellants and military mixed explosives in recent years. However, its high characteristic signal, environmental pollution, and poor detonation performance have prompted the industry to seek alternatives to AP. Ammonium nitrate (AN) is a suitable substitute due to its low characteristic signal, lack of pollution, and excellent detonation performance. However, its room-temperature phase transition and hygroscopicity affect its practical use. In this work, we prepared mixed crystal coprecipitation (MCC) materials of AN and potassium perchlorate (KP) using the evaporative solvent method. The characterization of AN/KP MCCs was carried out by combining TG-DSC, XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analysis, revealing that the formation of MCCs by AN and KP is due to ion exchange between the two components. AN/KP MCCs not only solve the problem of room-temperature phase transition in AN but also reduce its hygroscopicity. Furthermore, AN/KP MCCs have mechanical sensitivity, explosive performance, and specific impulse similar to pure AN, but compared to AN, AN/KP MCCs have higher density, effective oxygen content, and thermal stability. Compared with existing oxidizers AN, AP, and KP, AN/KP MCCs with high density, low sensitivity, high oxygen content, and high safety have obvious advantages and have good prospects in the application of oxidizers in solid propellants and military mixed explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcai Zi
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiyue Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ximing Zhang
- China
Safety Technology Research Academy of Ordnance Industry, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xueyong Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Science
and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Kou Y, Luo P, Xiao L, Xin Y, Zhang G, Hu Y, Gao H, Zhao F, Jiang W, Hao G. The positive correlation between the dispersion and catalytic performance of Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles in nano-Fe 2O 3-ultrafine AP energetic composites supported by solid UV-vis spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12796-12807. [PMID: 37622218 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02112b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the widespread use of nanocatalytic materials has contributed to an enormous improvement in the performance of energetic materials, especially, highly dispersed nanomaterials. However, the lack of quantitative methods for analyzing the dispersion of nanomaterials limits their further widespread use. Although various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc. are used to analyze the relative dispersion of nanomaterials, it is not possible to quantitatively analyze their dispersion. Therefore, there has been an effort to develop new methods for the quantitative analysis of nanocatalytic materials. Fortunately, we were able to analyze the dispersion of nanocatalytic materials using the difference in their UV absorbance. More importantly, we established the corresponding difference equation to quantify the dispersion of nanocatalytic materials, which is capable of quantifying the dispersion of nano-Fe2O3 in nano-Fe2O3-ultrafine AP composites. The accuracy of the difference equation was verified using a variety of techniques and the desired results were obtained. Based on the above conclusions, the quantitative analysis method for the dispersion of nanomaterials that we established is expected to be widely used and promote the development of energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kou
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- Xi'an North Huian Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Xi'an, 710302, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yanping Xin
- Xi'an North Huian Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Xi'an, 710302, China
| | - Guangpu Zhang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yubing Hu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Hongxu Gao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Gazi Hao
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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3
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Boukeciat H, Tarchoun AF, Trache D, Abdelaziz A, Meziani R, Klapötke TM. Development and Characterization of New Energetic Composites Based on HNTO/AN Co-Crystal and Nitro-Cellulosic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1799. [PMID: 37050413 PMCID: PMC10098761 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop advanced cellulose-based energetic composites, new types of high-energy-density formulations containing hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO)/ammonium nitrate (AN) cocrystals combined with nitrocellulose or nanostructured cellulose nitrate (NC and NMCC) were experimentally characterized. The prepared energetic formulations were analyzed in terms of their physicochemical properties, mechanical sensitivities, structural features, and thermal behavior. Their heats of combustion and theoretical energetic performance were assessed as well. Experimental results exhibited the inherent characteristics of the designed NC@HNTO/AN and NMCC@HNTO/AN, including improved density, specific impulse, and impact sensitivity compared to their raw compounds. Besides that, thermo-kinetic findings revealed that the as-prepared insensitive and high-energy-density composites undergo two exothermic decomposition processes, and that NC@HNTO/AN has higher thermal activity. The present study demonstrated the outstanding characteristics of the new composites and could serve as a reference for developing more advanced cellulose-based energetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Boukeciat
- Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers 16046, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
- Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers 16046, Algeria
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers 16046, Algeria
| | - Djalal Trache
- Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers 16046, Algeria
| | - Amir Abdelaziz
- Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers 16046, Algeria
| | - Redha Meziani
- Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers 16046, Algeria
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstrasse 5–13 (D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
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4
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Thermal decomposition study of ammonium nitrate in the presence of nickel‑zinc ferrite additive. CATAL COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2023.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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5
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Dave PN, Sirach R. Influence of BaZnCuO
3
and BaZnCuO
3
/rGO on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and 3‐nitro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO). ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pragnesh N. Dave
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat India
| | - Ruksana Sirach
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat India
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6
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Electrostatic Self-Assembly of PEI-Imidazole Derivative and its Application in Catalytic Thermal Decomposition of AP. Catal Letters 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-023-04288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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7
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Elaboration, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of New Nanoenergetic Composite Based on Hydrazine 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and Nanostructured Cellulose Nitrate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206945. [PMID: 36296538 PMCID: PMC9609139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to develop new high-energy dense ordinary- and nano-energetic composites based on hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO) and nitrated cellulose and nanostructured nitrocellulose (NC and NMCC). The elaborated energetic formulations (HNTO/NC and HNTO/NMCC) were fully characterized in terms of their chemical compatibility, morphology, thermal stability, and energetic performance. The experimental findings implied that the designed HNTO/NC and HNTO/NMCC formulations have good compatibilities with attractive characteristics such as density greater than 1.780 g/cm3 and impact sensitivity around 6 J. Furthermore, theoretical performance calculations (EXPLO5 V6.04) displayed that the optimal composition of the as-prepared energetic composites yielded excellent specific impulses and detonation velocities, which increased from 205.7 s and 7908 m/s for HNTO/NC to 209.6 s and 8064 m/s for HNTO/NMCC. Moreover, deep insight on the multi-step kinetic behaviors of the as-prepared formulations was provided based on the measured DSC data combined with isoconversional kinetic methods. It is revealed that both energetic composites undergo three consecutive exothermic events with satisfactory activation energies in the range of 139–166 kJ/mol for HNTO/NC and 119–134 kJ/mol for HNTO/NMCC. Overall, this research displayed that the new developed nanoenergetic composite based on nitrated cellulose nanostructure could serve as a promising candidate for practical applications in solid rocket propellants and composite explosives.
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Hanafi S, Trache D, Meziani R, Boukeciat H, Tarchoun AF, Abdelaziz A, Mezroua A. Thermal decomposition and kinetic modeling of HNTO/AN-based composite solid propellant in the presence of GO-based nanocatalyst. FIREPHYSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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9
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Qu Y, Qian W, Zhang J, Gong F, Xie Z, Yang Z, Nie F, Zhao X. Interfacial engineered RDX/TATB energetic co-particles for enhanced safety performance and thermal stability. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10527-10534. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) has attracted considerable attentions in energy related fields. However, the safety performance of RDX needs to be improved in terms of various external stimulations. Herein, such issues of...
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10
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Zhou P, Zhang S, Ren Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Huang C. Study on the thermal decomposition behavior of ammonium perchlorate catalyzed by Zn–Co cooperation in MOF. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combustion performance of solid propellants plays a decisive role in the overall application of rockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technology, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technology, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Zhuoqun Ren
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technology, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technology, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Yifu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technology, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Chi Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technology, Wuhan 430040, China
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11
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Hanafi S, Trache D, Mezroua A, Boukeciat H, Meziani R, Tarchoun AF, Abdelaziz A. Optimized energetic HNTO/AN co-crystal and its thermal decomposition kinetics in the presence of energetic coordination nanomaterials based on functionalized graphene oxide and cobalt. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35287-35299. [PMID: 35493178 PMCID: PMC9043024 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research aims to select the optimal molar ratio of hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO) and ammonium nitrate (AN) to produce an energetic co-crystal. For a comparison purpose, the heat release, cost, density and hygroscopicity of the different co-crystals were evaluated. The obtained results indicated that HNTO/AN at the 1 : 3 ratio exhibited a higher heat release, better thermal stability, low water content and a reasonable cost, compared to other co-crystals. This new co-crystal was fully characterized through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), confirming that this latter displayed similar characteristics to those of the co-crystal with a 1 : 1 ratio, which was recently developed. On the other hand, the catalytic activity of two energetic coordination polymers of triaminoguanidine-cobalt (T-Co) complexes, with or without graphene oxide (GO-T-Co-T), on the thermolysis of the developed co-crystal has been also assessed by DSC under non-isothermal conditions. It is revealed that these catalysts have greatly decreased the decomposition temperature of the HNTO/AN cocrystal. Moreover, because of the complete decomposition in the case of the (HNTO/AN)/GO-T-Co-T composite, the heat release has been increased as well. Isoconversional integral kinetic methods were exploited to determine the kinetic parameters of the different systems. According to the obtained results, these catalysts have a strong catalytic action on the decomposition of the co-crystal AN/HNTO for which the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor are considerably lowered. Consequently, the developed co-crystal and the energetic catalysts could be considered as potential ingredients for the next generation of composite solid propellant formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hanafi
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria
| | - Djalal Trache
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Mezroua
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria
| | - Hani Boukeciat
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria
| | - Redha Meziani
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria
| | - Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria
| | - Amir Abdelaziz
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria
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