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Lawal DU, Abdulazeez I, Alsalhy QF, Usman J, Abba SI, Mansir IB, Sathyamurthy R, Kaleekkal NJ, Imteyaz B. Experimental Investigation of a Plate-Frame Water Gap Membrane Distillation System for Seawater Desalination. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:804. [PMID: 37755226 PMCID: PMC10536650 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study presented a detailed investigation into the performance of a plate-frame water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) system for the desalination of untreated real seawater. One approach to improving the performance of WGMD is through the proper selection of cooling plate material, which plays a vital role in enhancing the gap vapor condensation process. Hence, the influence of different cooling plate materials was examined and discussed. Furthermore, two different hydrophobic micro-porous polymeric membranes of similar mean pore sizes were utilized in the study. The influence of key operating parameters, including the feed water temperature and flow rate, was examined against the system vapor flux and gained output ratio (GOR). In addition, the used membranes were characterized by means of different techniques in terms of surface morphology, liquid entry pressure, water contact angle, pore size distribution, and porosity. Findings revealed that, at all conditions, the PTFE membrane exhibits superior vapor flux and energy efficiency (GOR), with 9.36% to 14.36% higher flux at a 0.6 to 1.2 L/min feed flow rate when compared to the PVDF membrane. The copper plate, which has the highest thermal conductivity, attained the highest vapor flux, while the acrylic plate, which has an extra-low thermal conductivity, recorded the lowest vapor flux. The increasing order of GOR values for different cooling plates is acrylic < HDPE < copper < aluminum < brass < stainless steel. Results also indicated that increasing the feed temperature increases the vapor flux almost exponentially to a maximum flux value of 30.36 kg/m2hr. The system GOR also improves in a decreasing pattern to a maximum value of 0.4049. Moreover, a long-term test showed that the PTFE membrane, which exhibits superior hydrophobicity, registered better salt rejection stability. The use of copper as a cooling plate material for better system performance is recommended, while cooling plate materials with very low thermal conductivities, such as a low thermally conducting polymer, are discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahiru U Lawal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Abdulazeez
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qusay F Alsalhy
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Jamilu Usman
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sani I Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim B Mansir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1045, Nigeria
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noel Jacob Kaleekkal
- Membrane Separation Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NITC), Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Binash Imteyaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Hao S, Zuo J, Guo H, Liu M, Zhu H, Sun H. NIR-Activated Thermosensitive Liposome-Gold Nanorod Hybrids for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Stimulus Sensitivity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:340-351. [PMID: 36533725 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial photothermal therapy and chemotherapy is an extremely promising tumor therapeutic modality. However, such systems still remain challenges in stimulus sensitivity, avoiding drug leakage, and therapeutic safety. To solve these problems, we engineered actively loaded doxorubicin (DOX) and gold nanorod (GNR) liposomes through embedding stiff hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) in the liposomal water cavity (HMLGDB) to resist the influence of shear force of GNRs to prevent drug leakage. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, the ambient temperature was raised greatly because of the photothermal conversion of GNRs, thereby rupturing the lipid layer and then triggering the DOX release. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the low concentration of HMLGDB (15 μg/mL) could effectively overcome the MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) by the increase of DOX concentration intracellularly and the good photothermal effect of GNRs. After intravenous injection, HMLGDB exhibited intratumor aggregation and PTT capacity. Furthermore, the combined chemo-photothermal antitumor strategy demonstrated a high inhibition of tumor growth and low damage to normal tissues. The developed hybrids provide a paradigm for efficient combinatorial photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy (CT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology in Hubei, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), School of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan430068, China
| | - Siyuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology in Hubei, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), School of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan430068, China
| | - Jingjie Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology in Hubei, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), School of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan430068, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology in Hubei, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), School of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan430068, China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology in Hubei, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), School of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan430068, China
| | - Hongda Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology in Hubei, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), School of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan430068, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology in Hubei, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), School of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan430068, China
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