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Bezold MG, Dollinger BR, DeJulius CR, Keech MC, Hanna AR, Kittel AR, Yu F, Gupta MK, D'Arcy R, Brunger JM, Duvall CL. Shear-thinning hydrogel for allograft cell transplantation and externally controlled transgene expression. Biomaterials 2025; 314:122812. [PMID: 39288619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This work establishes the design of a fully synthetic, shear-thinning hydrogel platform that is injectable and can isolate engineered, allogeneic cell therapies from the host. We utilized RAFT to generate a library of linear random copolymers of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone (VDMA) with variable mol% VDMA and degree of polymerization. Poly(DMA-co-VDMA) copolymers were subsequently modified with either adamantane (Ad) or β-cyclodextrin (Cd) through amine-reactive VDMA to prepare hydrogel precursor macromers containing complementary guest-host pairing pendant groups that, when mixed, form shear-thinning hydrogels. Rheometric evaluation of the hydrogel library enabled identification of lead macromer structures comprising 15 mol% pendants (Ad or Cd) and a degree of polymerization of 1000; mixing of these Ad and Cd functionalized precursors yielded hydrogels possessing storage modulus above 1000 Pa, tan(δ) values below 1 and high yield strain, which are target characteristics of robust but injectable shear-thinning gels. This modular system proved amenable to nanoparticle integration with surface-modified nanoparticles displaying Ad. The addition of the Ad-functionalized nanoparticles simultaneously improved mechanical properties of the hydrogels and enabled extended hydrogel retention of a model small molecule in vivo. In studies benchmarking against alginate, a material traditionally used for cell encapsulation, the lead hydrogel showed significantly less fibrous encapsulation in a subcutaneous implant site. Finally, this platform was utilized to encapsulate and extend in vivo longevity of inducible transgene-engineered mesenchymal stem cells in an allogeneic transplant model. The hydrogels remained intact and blocked infiltration by host cells, consequently extending the longevity of grafted cell function relative to a benchmark, shear-thinning hyaluronic acid-based gel. In sum, the new synthetic, shear-thinning hydrogel system presented here shows potential for further development as an injectable platform for delivery and in situ drug modulation of allograft and engineered cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah G Bezold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Bryan R Dollinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Carlisle R DeJulius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Megan C Keech
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Andrew R Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Anna R Kittel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Mukesh K Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Richard D'Arcy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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2
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Fernando PUAI, Kennedy AJ, Pokrzywinski K, Jernberg J, Thornell T, George G, Kosgei GK, Wang Y, Coyne KJ. Development of alginate beads for precise environmental release applications: A design of experiment based approach and analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119872. [PMID: 38157579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Controlled release of active ingredients are important for drug delivery and more recently environmental applications including modulated dosing of chemical and biological controls. This study demonstrates the importance of investigating various material science factors that can influence the diffusion rates of alginate beads to improve and tune their performance for marine environmental applications. This investigation aimed to design a rational workflow to aid in leveraging alginate bead use as a carrier matrix for releasing a specific active agent into water. Experiments were conducted to focus on the narrow a large list of relevant material formulation parameters, which included chitosan molecular weight, chitosan concentration, calcium concentration, drop height, and bead size. Once the most relevant material preparation methods were screened, a more robust statistic Design of Experiments approach was performed and results determined the important (and unimportant) factors for increasing dye release kinetics in marine water. The process was further streamlined by narrowing the critical experimental factors to a three-level based on the prior analysis: chitosan MW, chitosan concentration, and bead size. Analysis of the collected data indicated that while chitosan MW had a negligible impact (Fstatistic = 0.22), bead size (Fstatistic = 60.33) significantly influenced the diffusion rates based on surface area. However, chitosan MW had minor effects where lower chitosan MW enabled higher product release rates. This case investigation was a novel application of the design of experiment approach towards environmental applications to understand differences in release rates to marine waters for the first time and the workflow provided also serve as the basis for researchers to optimize other environmental applications requiring optimization when it is unknown how a large number of formulation variables will impact performance in different environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- P U Ashvin Iresh Fernando
- Bennett Aerospace, 1100 Crescent Green, #250, Cary, NC, 27518, USA; SIMETRI, Inc., 937 S Semoran Blvd Suite 100, Winter Park, FL, 32792, USA
| | - Alan J Kennedy
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Kaytee Pokrzywinski
- NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 101 Pivers Island Rd, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Johanna Jernberg
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Travis Thornell
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geo Structures Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Garrett George
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Gilbert K Kosgei
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Yanfei Wang
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, 1044 College Dr, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA
| | - Kathryn J Coyne
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, 1044 College Dr, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA
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Cruz-Maya I, Schiavone C, Ferraro R, Renkler NZ, Caserta S, Guarino V. Designing Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: Core-Shell Alginate Particles through Electro-Fluid Dynamic Atomization. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:193. [PMID: 38399251 PMCID: PMC10893386 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Innovations in drug delivery systems are crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficiency. Our research presents a novel approach based on using electro-fluid dynamic atomization (EFDA) to fabricate core-shell monophasic particles (CSMp) from sodium alginate blends of varying molecular weights. This study explores the morphological characteristics of these particles in relation to material properties and process conditions, highlighting their potential in drug delivery applications. A key aspect of our work is the development of a mathematical model that simulates the release kinetics of small molecules, specifically sodium diclofenac. By assessing the diffusion properties of different molecules and gel formulations through transport and rheological models, we have created a predictive tool for evaluating the efficiency of these particles in drug delivery. Our findings underscore two critical, independent parameters for optimizing drug release: the external shell thickness and the diffusivity ratios within the dual layers. This allows for precise control over the timing and intensity of the release profile. This study advances our understanding of EFDA in the fabrication of CSMp and offers promising avenues for enhancing drug delivery systems by tailoring release profiles through particle characteristic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriczalli Cruz-Maya
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy; (I.C.-M.); (N.Z.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Carmine Schiavone
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.F.)
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rosalia Ferraro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nergis Zeynep Renkler
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy; (I.C.-M.); (N.Z.R.); (V.G.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy; (I.C.-M.); (N.Z.R.); (V.G.)
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4
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Chen L, Jiang F, Xu H, Fan Y, Du C. Improved membrane stability of alginate-chitosan microcapsules by crosslinking with tannic acid. Biotechnol Lett 2023:10.1007/s10529-023-03399-3. [PMID: 37266880 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The insufficient stability of alginate-chitosan (ALG-CS) microcapsules in biorelevant media limits their applications in the biomedical field. Attempts were made to improve the membrane stability of ALG-CS microcapsules by noncovalent crosslinking with tannic acid. RESULTS The membrane stability of ALG-CS microcapsules in culture medium and serum was significantly improved by crosslinking with tannic acid. Moreover, the reason for the significant improvement in membrane stability had been demonstrated to be that the stability of chitosan-tannic acid (CS-TA) polyelectrolyte complexes was less affected by the competitive binding of those weak acid ions such as HCO3-. In addition, the optimal conditions for preparing alginate-chitosan-tannic acid (ALG-CS-TA) microcapsules were tannic acid concentration of 0.5% (w/v) and pH = 7. CONCLUSION The study provides a novel approach for improving the stability of the ALG-CS microcapsules in biorelevant media to expand their scope of application in the biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, No. 1139, Shifu Avenue, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, No. 1139, Shifu Avenue, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, No. 1139, Shifu Avenue, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, No. 1139, Shifu Avenue, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunbin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, No. 1139, Shifu Avenue, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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5
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Silant'ev VE, Shmelev ME, Belousov AS, Patlay AA, Shatilov RA, Farniev VM, Kumeiko VV. How to Develop Drug Delivery System Based on Carbohydrate Nanoparticles Targeted to Brain Tumors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112516. [PMID: 37299315 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the most difficult to treat, not only because of the variety of their forms and the small number of effective chemotherapeutic agents capable of suppressing tumor cells, but also limited by poor drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles are promising drug delivery solutions promoted by the expansion of nanotechnology, emerging in the creation and practical use of materials in the range from 1 to 500 nm. Carbohydrate-based nanoparticles is a unique platform for active molecular transport and targeted drug delivery, providing biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a reduction in toxic side effects. However, the design and fabrication of biopolymer colloidal nanomaterials have been and remain highly challenging to date. Our review is devoted to the description of carbohydrate nanoparticle synthesis and modification, with a brief overview of the biological and promising clinical outcomes. We also expect this manuscript to highlight the great potential of carbohydrate nanocarriers for drug delivery and targeted treatment of gliomas of various grades and glioblastomas, as the most aggressive of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E Silant'ev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Processes, Institute of Chemistry, FEB RAS, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mikhail E Shmelev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrei S Belousov
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Patlay
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roman A Shatilov
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladislav M Farniev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim V Kumeiko
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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6
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Fabbri R, Cacopardo L, Ahluwalia A, Magliaro C. Advanced 3D Models of Human Brain Tissue Using Neural Cell Lines: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. Cells 2023; 12:1181. [PMID: 37190089 PMCID: PMC10136913 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-relevant three-dimensional (3D) models of cerebral tissue can be invaluable tools to boost our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying brain pathophysiology. Nowadays, the accessibility, isolation and harvesting of human neural cells represents a bottleneck for obtaining reproducible and accurate models and gaining insights in the fields of oncology, neurodegenerative diseases and toxicology. In this scenario, given their low cost, ease of culture and reproducibility, neural cell lines constitute a key tool for developing usable and reliable models of the human brain. Here, we review the most recent advances in 3D constructs laden with neural cell lines, highlighting their advantages and limitations and their possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Fabbri
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering (DII), University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ludovica Cacopardo
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering (DII), University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3R Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering (DII), University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3R Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Chiara Magliaro
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering (DII), University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3R Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Italy
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7
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Samadi A, Moammeri A, Pourmadadi M, Abbasi P, Hosseinpour Z, Farokh A, Shamsabadipour A, Heydari M, Mohammadi MR. Cell Encapsulation and 3D Bioprinting for Therapeutic Cell Transplantation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1862-1890. [PMID: 36877212 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The promise of cell therapy has been augmented by introducing biomaterials, where intricate scaffold shapes are fabricated to accommodate the cells within. In this review, we first discuss cell encapsulation and the promising potential of biomaterials to overcome challenges associated with cell therapy, particularly cellular function and longevity. More specifically, cell therapies in the context of autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer are reviewed from the perspectives of preclinical findings as well as available clinical data. Next, techniques to fabricate cell-biomaterials constructs, focusing on emerging 3D bioprinting technologies, will be reviewed. 3D bioprinting is an advancing field that enables fabricating complex, interconnected, and consistent cell-based constructs capable of scaling up highly reproducible cell-biomaterials platforms with high precision. It is expected that 3D bioprinting devices will expand and become more precise, scalable, and appropriate for clinical manufacturing. Rather than one printer fits all, seeing more application-specific printer types, such as a bioprinter for bone tissue fabrication, which would be different from a bioprinter for skin tissue fabrication, is anticipated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmasoud Samadi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6000 Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering Building (ISEB), Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Ali Moammeri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Parisa Abbasi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hosseinpour
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714871167, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Arian Farokh
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Amin Shamsabadipour
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Maryam Heydari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 199389373, Iran
| | - M Rezaa Mohammadi
- Dale E. and Sarah Ann Fowler School of Engineering, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
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Mechanisms of Autoimmune Cell in DA Neuron Apoptosis of Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advancement. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7965433. [PMID: 36567855 PMCID: PMC9771667 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7965433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as motor and nonmotor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain DArgic (DA) neurons. More and more studies have shown that pathological reactions initiated by autoimmune cells play an essential role in the progression of PD. Autoimmune cells exist in the brain parenchyma, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges; they are considered inducers of neuroinflammation and regulate the immune in the human brain in PD. For example, T cells can recognize α-synuclein presented by antigen-presenting cells to promote neuroinflammation. In addition, B cells will accelerate the apoptosis of DA neurons in the case of PD-related gene mutations. Activation of microglia and damage of DA neurons even form the self-degeneration cycle to deteriorate PD. Numerous autoimmune cells have been considered regulators of apoptosis, α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and neuroinflammation of DA neurons in PD. The evidence is mounting that autoimmune cells promote DA neuron apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the regulation and function of B cell, T cell, and microglia as well as NK cell in PD pathogenesis, focusing on DA neuron apoptosis to understand the disease better and propose potential target identification for the treatment in the early stages of PD. However, there are still some limitations in our work, for example, the specific mechanism of PD progression caused by autoimmune cells in mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and autophagy has not been clarified in detail, which needs to be summarized in further work.
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Cardoso LMDF, Barreto T, Gama JFG, Alves LA. Natural Biopolymers as Additional Tools for Cell Microencapsulation Applied to Cellular Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132641. [PMID: 35808686 PMCID: PMC9268758 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the limitations in organ, tissue or cellular transplantations is graft rejection. To minimize or prevent this, recipients must make use of immunosuppressive drugs (IS) throughout their entire lives. However, its continuous use generally causes several side effects. Although some IS dose reductions and withdrawal strategies have been employed, many patients do not adapt to these protocols and must return to conventional IS use. Therefore, many studies have been carried out to offer treatments that may avoid IS administration in the long term. A promising strategy is cellular microencapsulation. The possibility of microencapsulating cells originates from the opportunity to use biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix. This matrix acts as a support for cell adhesion and the syntheses of new extracellular matrix self-components followed by cell growth and survival. Furthermore, by involving the cells in a polymeric matrix, the matrix acts as an immunoprotective barrier, protecting cells against the recipient’s immune system while still allowing essential cell survival molecules to diffuse bilaterally through the polymer matrix pores. In addition, this matrix can be associated with IS, thus diminishing systemic side effects. In this context, this review will address the natural biomaterials currently in use and their importance in cell therapy.
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Roberton VH, Phillips JB. Considerations for the use of biomaterials to support cell therapy in neurodegenerative disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 166:191-205. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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