1
|
Cosgrove SC, Miller GJ, Bornadel A, Dominguez B. Realizing the Continuous Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Anilines Using an Immobilized Nitroreductase. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:8556-8561. [PMID: 37323810 PMCID: PMC10265703 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of biocatalysis for classically synthetic transformations has seen an increase in recent years, driven by the sustainability credentials bio-based approaches can offer the chemical industry. Despite this, the biocatalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using nitroreductase biocatalysts has not received significant attention in the context of synthetic chemistry. Herein, a nitroreductase (NR-55) is demonstrated to complete aromatic nitro reduction in a continuous packed-bed reactor for the first time. Immobilization on an amino-functionalized resin with a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH-101) permits extended reuse of the immobilized system, all operating at room temperature and pressure in aqueous buffer. By transferring into flow, a continuous extraction module is incorporated, allowing the reaction and workup to be continuously undertaken in a single operation. This is extended to showcase a closed-loop aqueous phase, permitting reuse of the contained cofactors, with a productivity of >10 gproduct gNR-55-1 and milligram isolated yields >50% for the product anilines. This facile method removes the need for high-pressure hydrogen gas and precious-metal catalysts and proceeds with high chemoselectivity in the presence of hydrogenation-labile halides. Application of this continuous biocatalytic methodology to panels of aryl nitro compounds could offer a sustainable approach to its energy and resource-intensive precious-metal-catalyzed counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Amin Bornadel
- Johnson
Matthey, 28 Cambridge
Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Dominguez
- Johnson
Matthey, 28 Cambridge
Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Q, Qu G, Li X, Feng M, Yang F, Li Y, Li J, Tong F, Song S, Wang Y, Sun Z, Luo G. Active and stable alcohol dehydrogenase-assembled hydrogels via synergistic bridging of triazoles and metal ions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2117. [PMID: 37055470 PMCID: PMC10102205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis is increasingly replacing traditional methods of manufacturing fine chemicals due to its green, mild, and highly selective nature, but biocatalysts, such as enzymes, are generally costly, fragile, and difficult to recycle. Immobilization provides protection for the enzyme and enables its convenient reuse, which makes immobilized enzymes promising heterogeneous biocatalysts; however, their industrial applications are limited by the low specific activity and poor stability. Herein, we report a feasible strategy utilizing the synergistic bridging of triazoles and metal ions to induce the formation of porous enzyme-assembled hydrogels with increased activity. The catalytic efficiency of the prepared enzyme-assembled hydrogels toward acetophenone reduction is 6.3 times higher than that of the free enzyme, and the reusability is confirmed by the high residual catalytic activity after 12 cycles of use. A near-atomic resolution (2.1 Å) structure of the hydrogel enzyme is successfully analyzed via cryogenic electron microscopy, which indicates a structure-property relationship for the enhanced performance. In addition, the possible mechanism of gel formation is elucidated, revealing the indispensability of triazoles and metal ions, which guides the use of two other enzymes to prepare enzyme-assembled hydrogels capable of good reusability. The described strategy can pave the way for the development of practical catalytic biomaterials and immobilized biocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xu Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Mingjian Feng
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Technology Center for Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Technology Center for Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Feifei Tong
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Shiyi Song
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Production of Pigments under Submerged Culture through Repeated Batch Fermentation of Immobilized Talaromyces atroroseus GH2. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Pigments of natural origin have become a research trend, and fungi provide a readily available alternative source. Moreover, developing novel processes that increase yields, reduce process time and simplify downstream processing is of increased interest. In this sense, this work proposes an alternative for Talaromyces atroroseus GH2 biomass re-utilization to produce pigments through consecutive batches using immobilized mycelium. Different support materials were evaluated for pigment production and immobilization capacity. Then, Taguchi’s method was applied to determine the effect of four factors related to fungal immobilization and pigment production (inoculum concentration, support density, working volume and support volume). Afterward, process kinetics for pigment production using immobilized cells of T. atroroseus GH2 in consecutive batches were evaluated. All evaluated factors were significant and affected pigment production and microorganism growth differently. At improved conditions, immobilization capacity reached 99.01 ± 0.37% and the pigment production was 30% higher than using free cells. Process kinetics showed that the production could continue for three batches and was limited by excessive microorganism growth. Indeed, more studies are still needed, but the immobilization of Talaromyces atroroseus GH2 represents a promising strategy for allowing downstream-processing intensification since immobilized biomass is easily removed from the fermentation media, thus paving the way for the further development of a continuous process.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bordewick S, Berger RG, Ersoy F. Co-Immobilization of RizA Variants with Acetate Kinase for the Production of Bioactive Arginyl Dipeptides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144352. [PMID: 35889224 PMCID: PMC9321006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The biocatalytic system comprised of RizA and acetate kinase (AckA) combines the specific synthesis of bioactive arginyl dipeptides with efficient ATP regeneration. Immobilization of this coupled enzyme system was performed and characterized in terms of activity, specificity and reusability of the immobilisates. Co-immobilization of RizA and AckA into a single immobilisate conferred no disadvantage in comparison to immobilization of only RizA, and a small addition of AckA (20:1) was sufficient for ATP regeneration. New variants of RizA were constructed by combining mutations to yield variants with increased biocatalytic activity and specificity. A selection of RizA variants were co-immobilized with AckA and used for the production of the salt-taste enhancers Arg-Ser and Arg-Ala and the antihypertensive Arg-Phe. The best variants yielded final dipeptide concentrations of 11.3 mM Arg-Ser (T81F_A158S) and 11.8 mM Arg-Phe (K83F_S156A), the latter of which represents a five-fold increase in comparison to the wild-type enzyme. T81F_A158S retained more than 50% activity for over 96 h and K83F_S156A for over 72 h. This study provides the first example of the successful co-immobilization of an l-amino acid ligase with an ATP-regenerating enzyme and paves the way towards a bioprocess for the production of bioactive dipeptides.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kapavarapu MSRS, Ma Y, Vasudevan S, Chew JW. Economic Analysis of Membrane-Based Separation of Biocatalyst: Mode of Operation and Stage Configuration. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MSR Sridhar Kapavarapu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Yunqiao Ma
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Suraj Vasudevan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environmental and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schelch S, Koszagova R, Kuballa J, Nidetzky B. Immobilization of CMP‐sialic acid synthetase and α2,3‐sialyltransferase for cascade synthesis of 3'‐sialyl β‐D‐galactoside with enzyme reuse. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schelch
- TU Graz: Technische Universitat Graz Institut für Biotechnologie und Bioprozesstechnik AUSTRIA
| | - Romana Koszagova
- Technische Universität Graz: Technische Universitat Graz Institut für Biotechnologie und Bioprozesstechnik AUSTRIA
| | | | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Batch and Flow Nitroaldol Synthesis Catalysed by Granulicella tundricola Hydroxynitrile Lyase Immobilised on Celite R-633. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicella tundricola hydroxynitrile lyase (GtHNL) catalyses the synthesis of chiral (R)-cyanohydrins and (R)-β-nitro alcohols. The triple variant GtHNL-A40H/V42T/Q110H (GtHNL-3V) was immobilised on Celite R-633 and used in monophasic MTBE saturated with 100 mM KPi buffer pH 7 for the synthesis of (R)-2-nitro-1-phenylethanol (NPE) in batch and continuous flow systems. Nitromethane was used as a nucleophile. A total of 82% of (R)-NPE and excellent enantioselectivity (>99%) were achieved in the batch system after 24 hours of reaction time. GtHNL-3V on Celite R-633 was successfully recycled five times. During more recycling steps a significant decrease in yield was observed while the enantioselectivity remained excellent over eight cycles. The use of a flow system enabled the continuous synthesis of (R)-NPE. A total of 15% formation of (R)-NPE was reached using a flow rate of 0.1 mL min−1; unfortunately, the enzyme was not stable, and the yield decreased to 4% after 4 hours on stream. A similar yield was observed during 15 hours at a rate of 0.01 mL min−1. Surprisingly the use of a continuous flow system did not facilitate the process intensification. In fact, the batch system displayed a space-time-yield (STY/mgenzyme) of 0.10 g L−1 h−1 mgenzyme−1 whereas the flow system displayed 0.02 and 0.003 g L−1 h−1 mgenzyme−1 at 0.1 and 0.01 mL min−1, respectively. In general, the addition of 1 M nitromethane potentially changed the polarity of the reaction mixture affecting the stability of Celite-GtHNL-3V. The nature of the batch system maintained the reaction conditions better than the flow system. The higher yield and productivity observed for the batch system show that it is a superior system for the synthesis of (R)-NPE compared with the flow approach.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pereira MRRC, Ribeiro AFG, Silva AMS, Silva VLM. Ohmic heating-assisted regioselective sulfonation of aniline: synthesis of sulfanilic acid. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The sulfonation of aniline was made, for the first time, using an ohmic heating reactor to produce sulfanilic acid, a compound of great economic interest. High heating rate, low thermal inertia and high selectivity are key advantages of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro F. G. Ribeiro
- Bondalti Chemicals S.A., Rua do Amoníaco Português no. 10 Beduído, 3860-680 Estarreja, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L. M. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Veljković M, Simović M, Banjanac K, Ćorović M, Milivojević A, Milivojević M, Bezbradica D. Heterofunctional epoxy support development for immobilization of fructosyltransferase from Pectinex® Ultra SP-L: batch and continuous production of fructo-oligosaccharides. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The FTase from Pectinex® Ultra SP-L was immobilized using a newly developed epoxy-Purolite support with amino and epoxy groups. Continuous production of FOS in the air-lift reactor was established for 7 days (52.47% FOS of total carbohydrates).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Veljković
- Innovation center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Simović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Banjanac
- Innovation center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ćorović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Milivojević
- Innovation center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Milivojević
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Bezbradica
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Su Y, Muller KR, Yoshihara-Saint H, Najm I, Jassby D. Nitrate Removal in an Electrically Charged Granular-Activated Carbon Column. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16597-16606. [PMID: 34874719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate removal from groundwater remains a challenge. Here, we report on the development of a flow-through, electrically charged, granular-activated carbon (GAC)-filled column, which effectively removes nitrate. In this system, the GAC functioned as an anode, while a titanium sheet acted as a cathode. The high removal rate of nitrate was achieved through a combination of electrosorption and electrochemical transformation to N2. The column could be readily regenerated in situ by reversing the polarity of the applied potential. We demonstrate that in the presence of chloride, the mechanism responsible for the observed nitrate removal involves a combination of electroadsorption of nitrate to the anodically charged GAC, electroreduction of nitrate to ammonium, and the oxidation of ammonium to N2 gas by reactive chlorine and other oxidative radicals (with nearly 100% N2 selectivity). Given the ubiquitous presence of chloride in groundwater, this method represents a ready, green, and sustainable treatment process with significant potential for the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Su
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Katherine R Muller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hira Yoshihara-Saint
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Issam Najm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|