1
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Li M, Tan Q, Lyu X, Guo X, Wang H, Hu Z, Xu X. EDA Complex-Promoted Cascade Cyclization of Alkynes Enabling the Rapid Assembly of 3-Sulfonylindoles and Vinyl Sulfone Oxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:5799-5804. [PMID: 38953705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a photoinduced radical cascade cyclization of alkynes with sulfinates via a novel EDA complex for the synthesis of various 3-sulfonylindoles and vinyl sulfone oxindoles, which are crucial motifs in medicinal and biological chemistry. The reaction proceeds under mild, photocatalyst- and transition-metal-free conditions, featuring operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, and easy scalability. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction is initiated with a photoinduced intermolecular charge transfer from sulfinates to N-sulfonamides, generating a sulfonyl radical followed by an N-centered radical, thus enabling the cascade cyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiujian Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiang Lyu
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhongyan Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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2
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Uchikura T, Akutsu F, Tani H, Akiyama T. Photoreduction of Trifluoromethyl Group: Lithium Ion Assisted Fluoride-Coupled Electron Transfer from EDA Complex. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400658. [PMID: 38600038 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced single-electron reduction is an efficient method for the mono-selective activation of the C-F bond on a trifluoromethyl group to construct a difluoroalkyl group. We have developed an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex mediated single-electron transfer (EDA-SET) of α,α,α-trifluoromethyl arenes in the presence of lithium salt to give α,α-difluoroalkylarenes. The C-F bond reduction was realized by lithium iodide and triethylamine, two common feedstock reagents. Mechanistic studies revealed the generation of a α,α-difluoromethyl radical by single-electron reduction and defluorination, followed by the radical addition to alkenes. Lithium salt interacted with the fluorine atom to promote the photoinduced reduction mediated by the EDA complex. Computational studies indicated that the lithium-assisted defluorination and the single-electron reduction occurred concertedly. We call this phenomenon fluoride-coupled electron transfer (FCET). FCET is a novel approach to C-F bond activation for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fua Akutsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Tani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Chandu P, Biswas S, Pal K, Sureshkumar D. Organophotoredox Catalysis: Switchable Radical Generation from Alkyl Sodium Sulfinates for Sulfonylation and Alkylative Activation of C-C Bonds of Cyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3912-3925. [PMID: 38446801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Generating alkyl radicals from the sulfonyl radicals remains challenging in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report an efficient photocatalyzed strategy using alkyl sodium sulfinates as both sulfonylating and alkylating reagents by controlling the reaction temperature. This methodology provides a versatile protocol for synthesizing diastereoselective sulfonylated cyclopropanes and poly-substituted styrene derivatives. This methodology is successfully demonstrated with a wide variety of cyclopropenes and alkyl sulfinates, showcasing its broad substrate scope, high diastereo- and E/Z selectivity, and yielding good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sourabh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Koustav Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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4
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Cao S, Kim D, Lee W, Hong S. Photocatalytic Enantioselective Hydrosulfonylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls with Sulfonyl Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312780. [PMID: 37782249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This research explores the enantioselective hydrosulfonylation of various α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds via the use of visible light and redox-active chiral Ni-catalysis, facilitating the synthesis of enantioenriched α-chiral sulfones with remarkable enantioselectivity (exceeding 99 % ee). A significant challenge entails enhancing the reactivity between chiral metal-coordinated carbonyl compounds and moderate electrophilic sulfonyl radicals, aiming to minimize the background reactions. The success of our approach stems from two distinctive attributes: 1) the Cl-atom abstraction employed for sulfonyl radical generation from sulfonyl chlorides, and 2) the single-electron reduction to produce a key enolate radical Ni-complex. The latter process appears to enhance the feasibility of the sulfonyl radical's addition to the electron-rich enolate radical. An in-depth investigation into the reaction mechanism, supported by both experimental observations and theoretical analysis, offers insight into the intricate reaction process. Moreover, the versatility of our methodology is highlighted through its successful application in the late-stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules, demonstrating its practicality as a strategy for producing α-chiral sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Cao
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Lee
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang XX, Zheng H, Mei YK, Liu Y, Liu YY, Ji DW, Wan B, Chen QA. Photo-induced imino functionalizations of alkenes via intermolecular charge transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11170-11179. [PMID: 37860665 PMCID: PMC10583702 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03667g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free photosensitized strategy has been developed for regioselective imino functionalizations of alkenes via the formation of an EDA complex. This photo-induced protocol facilitates the construction of structurally diverse β-imino sulfones and vinyl sulfones in moderate to high yields. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction is initiated with an intermolecular charge transfer between oximes and sulfinates, followed by fragmentation to generate a persistent iminyl radical and transient sulfonyl radical. This catalyst-free protocol also features excellent regioselectivity, broad functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. The late stage functionalization of natural product derived compounds and total synthesis of some bioactive molecules have been demonstrated to highlight the utility of this protocol. Meanwhile, the compatibility of different donors has proved the generality of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xin Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Hao Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Yong-Kang Mei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Yan Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
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6
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Kim K, You E, Hong S. Nucleophilic C4-selective (hetero) arylation of pyridines for facile synthesis of heterobiaryls. Front Chem 2023; 11:1254632. [PMID: 37720719 PMCID: PMC10502421 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1254632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of heterobiaryl compounds holds significant value in organic chemistry due to their extensive range of applications. Herein, we report a highly efficient strategy for conducting C4-selective (hetero) arylation of pyridines using N-aminopyridinium salts. The reaction proceeds readily at room temperature in the presence of a base, thus eliminating the requirement for catalysts or oxidants. This method allows for the installation of various electron-rich (hetero) aryl groups on pyridines, resulting in the streamlined synthesis of highly valuable C4-(hetero) aryl pyridine derivatives, which are otherwise challenging to acquire via conventional methods. This simple and straightforward method will facilitate access to a range of heterobiaryl compounds thereby promoting their application in various scientific disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna You
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Lu L, Wang H, Huang S, Xiong B, Zeng X, Ling Y, Qiu X. Photoredox catalysis in alkene and alkyne alkylsulfonylations: the construction of Markovnikov selective α-sulfones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10420-10423. [PMID: 37554108 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox alkene or alkyne alkylsulfonylation has been achieved with phthalimide esters and sulfinates providing unexpected α-sulfones. Mechanistic studies disclose that the preferential alkyl radical addition to the alkene or the Markovnikov hydrosulfonation of the alkyne should contribute to the formation of the β-alkylated α-sulfones. Moreover, the reaction is easy to operate covering quite large substrate scales including primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl groups and all sorts of terminal aryl alkenes or alkynes. Besides, the reaction was also suitable for the sulfonylation of several drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Shanshan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Biao Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Xiaobao Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
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8
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Roychowdhury P, Samanta S, Tan H, Powers DC. N-Amino Pyridinium Salts in Organic Synthesis. Org Chem Front 2023; 10:2563-2580. [PMID: 37840843 PMCID: PMC10569450 DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
C-N bond forming reactions hold immense significance to synthetic organic chemistry. In pursuit of efficient methods for the introduction of nitrogen in organic small molecules, myriad synthetic methods have been developed, and methods based on both nucleophilic and electrophilic aminating reagents have received sustained research effort. In response to continued challenges - the need for substrate prefunctionalization, the requirement for vestigial N-activating groups, and the need to incorporate nitrogen in ever more complex molecular settings - the development of novel aminating reagents remains a central challenge in method development. N-aminopyridinums and their derivatives have recently emerged as a class of bifunctional aminating reagents, which combine N-centered nucleophilicity with latent electrophilic or radical reactivity by virtue of the reducible N-N bond, with broad synthetic potential. Here, we summarize the synthesis and reactivity of N-aminopyridinium salts relevant to organic synthesis. The preparation and application of these reagents in photocatalyzed and metal-catalyzed transformations is discussed, showcasing the reactivity in the context of bifunctional platform and its potential for innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Roychowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Samya Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Hao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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9
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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10
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Kim M, Hong S, Jeong J, Hong S. Visible-Light-Active Coumarin- and Quinolinone-Based Photocatalysts and Their Applications in Chemical Transformations. CHEM REC 2023:e202200267. [PMID: 36627191 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic dyes have been actively studied as useful photocatalysts because they allow access to versatile structural flexibility and green synthetic applications. The identification of a new class of robust organic chromophores is, therefore, in high demand to increase structural diversity and variability. Although coumarins and quinolinones have long been acknowledged as organic chromophores, their ability to participate in photoinduced transformations is somewhat less familiar. Fascinated by their chromophoric features and adaptable platform, our group is interested in the identification of fluorescent bioactive molecules and in the development of new photoinduced synthetic methods using coumarins and quinolinones as photocatalysts. This account provides an overview of our recent progress in the discovery and application of light-absorbing coumarin and quinolinone derivatives in photochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeok Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Jeong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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11
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Tan CY, Kim M, Park I, Kim Y, Hong S. Site-Selective Pyridine C-H Alkylation with Alcohols and Thiols via Single-Electron Transfer of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213857. [PMID: 36314414 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy for the deoxygenative or desulfurative pyridylation of various alcohols and thiols has been developed through a single-electron transfer (SET) process of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) derived from pyridinium salts and PtBu3 . Mechanistic studies revealed that N-amidopyridinium salts serve as effective Lewis acids for the formation of FLPs with PtBu3 , and the generated phosphine radical cation ionically couples with the in situ generated xanthate, eventually affording the alkyl radical through facile β-scission under photocatalyst-free conditions. The reaction efficiency was further accelerated by visible-light irradiation. This method is conceptually appealing by using encounter complexes in FLP chemistry to promote SET, which provides a previously unrecognized opportunity for the selective heteroarylation of a diverse range of alcohols and thiols with various functional groups, even in complex settings under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wang C, Song S, Chen Z, Shen D, Wang Z, Zhou J, Guo J, Li J. Phototriggered Self-Catalyzed Three-Component Minisci Reaction: A Route to β-C(sp 3) Heteroarylated Alcohols/Ethers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16794-16806. [PMID: 36427193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a visible-light-triggered photocatalyst-free radical cascade Minisci reaction of heteroarenes, alkenes, and water/alcohols to obtain diverse β-C(sp3) heteroarylated alcohols/ethers has been developed. Achieved under mild and simple conditions, this protocol is scalable and features broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the heteroarene can be served as a photocatalyst to engage single-electron transfer with persulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaodong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Dengjian Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Taizhou Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
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13
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Uchikura T, Tsubono K, Hara Y, Akiyama T. Dual-Role Halogen-Bonding-Assisted EDA-SET/HAT Photoreaction System with Phenol Catalyst and Aryl Iodide: Visible-Light-Driven Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15499-15510. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro,
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tsubono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro,
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Yurina Hara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro,
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro,
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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14
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Kim M, Koo Y, Hong S. N-Functionalized Pyridinium Salts: A New Chapter for Site-Selective Pyridine C-H Functionalization via Radical-Based Processes under Visible Light Irradiation. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3043-3056. [PMID: 36166489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The radical-mediated C-H functionalization of pyridines has attracted considerable attention as a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry for the direct functionalization of the C-H bonds of the pyridine scaffold. Classically, the synthetic methods for functionalized pyridines often involve radical-mediated Minisci-type reactions under strongly acidic conditions. However, the site-selective functionalization of pyridines in unbiased systems has been a long-standing challenge because the pyridine scaffold contains multiple competing reaction sites (C2 vs C4) to intercept free radicals. Therefore, prefunctionalization of the pyridine is required to avoid issues observed with the formation of a mixture of regioisomers and overalkylated side products.Recently, N-functionalized pyridinium salts have been attracting considerable attention in organic chemistry as promising radical precursors and pyridine surrogates. The notable advantage of N-functionalized pyridinium salts lies in their ability to enhance the reactivity and selectivity for synthetically useful reactions under acid-free conditions. This approach enables exquisite regiocontrol for nonclassical Minisci-type reactions at the C2 and C4 positions under mild reaction conditions, which are suitable for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules with greater complexity and diversity. Over the past five years, a variety of fascinating synthetic applications have been developed using various types of pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. In addition, a new platform for alkene difunctionalization using appropriately designed N-substituted pyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents has been reported, offering an innovative assembly process for complex organic architectures. Intriguingly, strategies involving light-absorbing electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between pyridinium salts and suitable electron-rich donors further open up new reactivity under photocatalyst-free conditions. Furthermore, we developed enantioselective reactions using pyridinium salts to afford enantioenriched molecules bearing pyridines through single-electron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis.Herein, we provide a broad overview of our recent contributions to the development of N-functionalized pyridinium salts and summarize the cornerstones of organic reactions that successfully employ these pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. The major advances in the field are systematically categorized on the basis of the pyridines' N-substituent, N-X (X = O, N, C, and SO2CF3), and its reactivity patterns. Furthermore, the identification of new activation modes and their mechanistic aspects are discussed by providing representative contributions to each paradigm. We hope that this Account will inspire broad interest in the continued innovation of N-functionalized pyridinium salts in the exploration of new transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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15
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Laha R, Patel TI, Moschitto MJ. Desulfinative Alkylation of Heteroarenes via an Electrostatic Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. Org Lett 2022; 24:7394-7399. [PMID: 36194682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized pyridine and quinoline rings are important components of numerous bioactive molecules and natural products; however, diversification of these rings often requires de novo heterocycle ring synthesis or demanding reaction conditions. We report a method for desulfinative alkylation of pyridine and quinoline N-methoxide salts that operates under both photocatalytic and electrostatic electron donor-acceptor-mediated pathways. Unlike most EDA-mediated processes, this reaction operates in the absence of light and with the desulfination of the donor compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Laha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey 163 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Twinkle I Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey 163 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Matthew J Moschitto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey 163 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08901, United States
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16
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Liu H, Fan X, Hu J, Ma T, Wang F, Yang J, Li D. Visible-Light-Enabled Ph 3P/LiI-Promoted Tandem Radical Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization/Iodination of 1,6-Enynes with Togni's Reagent. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12877-12889. [PMID: 36074642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the visible-light-induced Ph3P/LiI-promoted intermolecular cascade trifluoromethyl radical addition/5-exo-dig cyclization/iodination of 1,6-enynes with Togni's reagent using LiI as the iodine source without the need of the transition metal, oxidant, and base. This reaction promises to be a useful method for the preparation of trifluoromethyl-substituted and vinyl C-I bond-containing pyrrolidines and benzofuran products with good regioselectivity and functional-group tolerance under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jinkai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Dianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang P, Li W, Zhu X, Li Y, Zhao X, Shi S, Zhu F, Lin J, Gao X. Photoredox and Copper‐Catalyzed Sulfonylphosphorothiolation of Alkenes toward β‐Sulfonyl Phosphorothioates. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Li
- Xinxiang Medical University CHINA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xia Gao
- Xinxiang Medical University CHINA
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18
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Kim M, You E, Kim J, Hong S. Site-Selective Pyridylic C-H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204217. [PMID: 35481719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient pyridylic C(sp3 )-H functionalization has been developed through photocatalytic radical-mediated fluoroalkylation or cascade reactions. This method is enabled by the reversible formation of alkylidene dihydropyridine intermediates via the facile enolate formation of C4-alkyl N-amidopyridinium salts in the absence of an external base, thereby establishing the conditions necessary for subsequent intermolecular radical trapping. Rapid structural diversification of the pyridylic site can be achieved through photocatalytic multicomponent cascade reactions involving alkene trifluoromethylation, SO2 -reincorporation, and sulfonyl radical addition. This operationally simple method features a broad substrate scope and high chemoselectivity and offers a unique approach for the rational modification of the heterobenzylic C-H bonds of pyridines and quinolines with uniform site-selective control. Furthermore, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna You
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yang X, Sun R, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Su Z, Ge Y, Chen H, Fu H, Li R. Chichibabin‐Type Phosphonylation of 2‐(Hetero)aryl Pyridines: Selective Synthesis of 4‐Phosphinoyl Pyridines via an Activated N‐benzylpyridinium Salt. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhishan Su
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus CHINA
| | - Yicen Ge
- Chengdu University of Technology CHINA
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20
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Chen YX, He JT, Wu MC, Liu ZL, Tang K, Xia PJ, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Photochemical Organocatalytic Aerobic Cleavage of C═C Bonds Enabled by Charge-Transfer Complex Formation. Org Lett 2022; 24:3920-3925. [PMID: 35613702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel visible-light-driven organocatalytic protocol to access aerobic oxidative cleavage of olefins, promoted by sodium benzene sulfinate, is described herein. An array of alkenes smoothly delivered the corresponding aldehydes and ketones under transition-metal-free conditions. Notably, α-halo-substituted styrenes proceeded with photoinduced oxidation to finally afford α-halo-acetophenones with halogen migration. Crucial to this oxidation was the formation of charge-transfer complexes between sodium benzene sulfinate with molecular O2 to ultimately deliver the carbonyl products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Tao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Chun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
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21
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Kim M, You E, Kim J, Hong S. Site‐Selective Pyridylic C–H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Euna You
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jieun Kim
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST Department of Chemistry Yusung Gu (KAIST) 34141 Daejeon KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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22
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Choi H, Mathi GR, Hong S, Hong S. Enantioselective functionalization at the C4 position of pyridinium salts through NHC catalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1776. [PMID: 35365667 PMCID: PMC8975994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalytic method for the enantioselective and C4-selective functionalization of pyridine derivatives is yet to be developed. Herein, we report an efficient method for the asymmetric β-pyridylations of enals that involve N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis with excellent control over enantioselectivity and pyridyl C4-selectivity. The key strategy for precise stereocontrol involves enhancing interactions between the chiral NHC-bound homoenolate and pyridinium salt in the presence of hexafluorobenzene, which effectively differentiates the two faces of the homoenolate radical. Room temperature is sufficient for this transformation, and reaction efficiency is further accelerated by photo-mediation. This methodology exhibits broad functional group tolerance and enables facile access to a diverse range of enantioenriched β-pyridyl carbonyl compounds under mild and metal-free conditions. A catalytic method for the enantioselective and C4-selective functionalization of pyridine derivatives is yet to be developed. Here the authors report an efficient method for the asymmetric β-pyridylations of enals that involve N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis with excellent control over enantioselectivity and pyridyl C4-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyeol Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Gangadhar Rao Mathi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seonghyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea. .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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23
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Wang Y, Bao Y, Tang M, Ye Z, Yuan Z, Zhu G. Recent advances in difunctionalization of alkenes using pyridinium salts as radical precursors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3847-3864. [PMID: 35257136 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarise the recent applications of pyridinium salts in the radical-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes. Pyridinium salts are a privileged class of compounds that show great utility in natural products and synthetic chemistry. Various organic transformations of pyridinium salts, especially in radical chemistry, have been developed in recent years. We prepared this review based on the two distinguished properties of pyridinium salts in radical transformation: (1) pyridinium salts can easily undergo single electron reduction to deliver X radicals. (2) Pyridinium salts are highly electrophilic so that alkyl radical intermediates can easily add to the pyridine core. Based on the role of pyridinium salts in difunctionalization of alkenes, the main body of this review is divided into three parts: (1) using pyridinium salts as X transfer reagents. (2) Using pyridinium salts as novel pyridine transfer reagents. (3) Using pyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents (X and pyridine). The C2 and C4 selectivity during pyridylation is discussed in detail. We hope that this review will provide a comprehensive overview of this topic and promote the wider development and application of pyridinium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Yanyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Meifang Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Zhegao Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
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24
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Long T, Pan S, Zhu S, Chu L. Catalyst‐Free Intermolecular Sulfonyl/Fluoromethyl Heteroarylation of Vinyl Ethers via Visible‐Light‐Induced Charge Transfer. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104080. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Long
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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25
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Rodríguez RI, Sicignano M, Alemán J. Fluorinated Sulfinates as Source of Alkyl Radicals in the Photo-Enantiocontrolled β-Functionalization of Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112632. [PMID: 34982505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The generation of sulfonyl radicals has long been known as a flexible strategy in a wide range of different sulfonylative transformations. Meanwhile their use in alkylation processes has been somehow limited due to their inherent difficulty in evolving to less-stable radicals after sulfur dioxide extrusion. Herein we report a convenient strategy that involves gem-difluorinated sulfinates as an "upgrading-mask", allowing these precursors to decompose into their corresponding alkyl radicals. The electron-donor character of sulfinates in the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex with transient iminium ions is displayed, achieving the first example of a stereocontrolled light-driven insertion of gem-difluoro derivatives into unsaturated aldehydes. This methodology is compatible with flow conditions, maintaining identical levels of enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo I Rodríguez
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sicignano
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Luo X, Wang S, Lei A. Electrochemical‐induced hydroxysulfonylation of α‐CF3 alkenes to access tertiary β‐hydroxysulfones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Rodríguez RI, Sicignano M, Alemán J. Fluorinated Sulfinates as Source of Alkyl Radicals in the Photo‐Enantiocontrolled β‐Functionalization of Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo I. Rodríguez
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Marina Sicignano
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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28
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Ma L, Feng W, Xi Y, Chen X, Lin X. Mechanistic Insights into Visible-Light-Driven Dearomative Fluoroalkylation Mediated by an Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. J Org Chem 2022; 87:944-951. [PMID: 35015541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex photochemistry has become a burgeoning topic in the synthetic radical chemistry mediated by visible light; however, the theoretical insights into the reaction mechanisms are limited. Herein, accurate electronic structure calculations at the CASPT2//CASSCF/PCM level of theory were performed to investigate the paradigm example of EDA complex-enabled photoreaction for visible-light-driven dearomative perfluoroalkylation of β-naphthol. The excitation energy levels of the EDA complex are controlled by noncovalent interactions because the photoinduced intermolecular charge is enhanced when the noncovalent interaction becomes weaker, leading to the broad spectra ranging from UVA (<380 nm) to visible light (>500 nm). The competitiveness of the radical-radical coupling over the radical chain pathway is also regulated due to the tunable radical concentrations varying the excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Ma
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxu Feng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
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29
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Vellakkaran M, Kim T, Hong S. Visible-Light-Induced C4-Selective Functionalization of Pyridinium Salts with Cyclopropanols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113658. [PMID: 34734455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The site-selective C-H functionalization of heteroarenes is of considerable importance for streamlining the rapid modification of bioactive molecules. Herein, we report a general strategy for visible-light-induced β-carbonyl alkylation at the C4 position of pyridines with high site selectivity using various cyclopropanols and N-amidopyridinium salts. In this process, hydrogen-atom transfer between the generated sulfonamidyl radicals and O-H bonds of cyclopropanols generates β-carbonyl radicals, providing efficient access to synthetically valuable β-pyridylated (aryl)ketones, aldehydes, and esters with broad functional-group tolerance. In addition, the mild method serves as an effective tool for the site-selective late-stage functionalization of complex and medicinally relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Vellakkaran
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS).,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS).,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS).,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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30
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Vellakkaran M, Kim T, Hong S. Visible‐Light‐Induced C4‐Selective Functionalization of Pyridinium Salts with Cyclopropanols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Vellakkaran
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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31
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Lu J, Tong Y, Hao N, Zhang L, Wei J, Zhang Z, Fu Q, Yi D, Wang J, Mu Y, Pan X, Yang L, Wei S, Zhong L. Photocatalytic redox-neutral arylation of cyclopropanols with cyanoarenes via radical-mediated C–C and C–CN bond cleavage. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-arylated ketones widely exist in many biologically active molecules and natural products. Herein, we disrcibled a photocatalytic redox-neutral arylation of cyclopropanols with cyanoarenes via radical-mediated C–C and C–CN bond cleavage...
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32
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Chen YX, Wang ZJ, Xiao JA, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Visible-Light-Driven Sulfonation of α-Trifluoromethylstyrenes: Access to Densely Functionalized CF 3-Substituted Tertiary Alcohol. Org Lett 2021; 23:6558-6562. [PMID: 34342456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a visible-light-induced sulfonation of α-trifluoromethylstyrenes with sodium sulfinates, which provides a series of α-trifluoromethyl-β-sulfonyl tertiary alcohols. This new synthetic protocol is enabled by a charge-transfer complex between oxygen and sulfinates, featuring broad substrate scope and scalability. Excellent functional group compatibility and chemoselectivity render this method suitable for sulfonation of pharmaceutically relevant molecules. In the presence of D2O, deuteriotrifluorinated products were also obtained, further demonstrating the flexibility and synthetic potentials of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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33
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Puleo TR, Klaus DR, Bandar JS. Nucleophilic C-H Etherification of Heteroarenes Enabled by Base-Catalyzed Halogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12480-12486. [PMID: 34347457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a general protocol for the direct C-H etherification of N-heteroarenes. Potassium tert-butoxide catalyzes halogen transfer from 2-halothiophenes to N-heteroarenes to form N-heteroaryl halide intermediates that undergo tandem base-promoted alcohol substitution. Thus, the simple inclusion of inexpensive 2-halothiophenes enables regioselective oxidative coupling of alcohols with 1,3-azoles, pyridines, diazines, and polyazines under basic reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Puleo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Danielle R Klaus
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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34
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Choi J, Laudadio G, Godineau E, Baran PS. Practical and Regioselective Synthesis of C-4-Alkylated Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11927-11933. [PMID: 34318659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The direct position-selective C-4 alkylation of pyridines has been a long-standing challenge in heterocyclic chemistry, particularly from pyridine itself. Historically this has been addressed using prefunctionalized materials to avoid overalkylation and mixtures of regioisomers. This study reports the invention of a simple maleate-derived blocking group for pyridines that enables exquisite control for Minisci-type decarboxylative alkylation at C-4 that allows for inexpensive access to these valuable building blocks. The method is employed on a variety of different pyridines and carboxylic acid alkyl donors, is operationally simple and scalable, and is applied to access known structures in a rapid and inexpensive fashion. Finally, this work points to an interesting strategic departure for the use of Minisci chemistry at the earliest possible stage (native pyridine) rather than current dogma that almost exclusively employs Minisci chemistry as a late-stage functionalization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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