1
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Cui LJ, Liu XB, Zhang HY, Yan B, Orozco-Ic M, Pan S, Cui ZH. In nTl 4-nH + ( n = 0∼4): Tetracoordinate Hydrogen in a Planar Fashion? Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38996364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The recent report of planar tetracoordinate hydrogen (ptH) in In4H+ is very intriguing in planar hypercoordinate chemistry. Our high-level CCSD(T) calculations revealed that the proposed D4h-symmetric ptH In4H+ is a first-order saddle point with an imaginary frequency in the out-of-plane mode of the hydrogen atom. In fact, at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z/aug-cc-pV5Z-PP level, the C4v isomer, with the H atom located 0.70 Å above the In4 plane, is 0.5 kcal/mol more stable than the D4h isomer. However, given the small perturbation from planarity and essentially barrierless C4v ↔ D4h ↔ C4v transition, the vibrationally averaged structure can still be considered as a planar. Extending our exploration to the InnTl4-nH+ (n = 0-3) systems, we found all these ptH structures, except for In2Tl2H+, to be the putative global minimum. The single σ-delocalized interaction between the central hydrogen atom and InnTl4-n ligand rings proves pivotal in establishing planarity and aromaticity and conferring substantial stability upon these rule-breaking ptH species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Xin-Bo Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Hui-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Mesías Orozco-Ic
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Euskadi 20018, Spain
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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2
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Bai LX, Jin YX, Guo JC. D 4h H©K 4H 4-: a planar tetracoordinate hydrogen global minimum. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6300-6303. [PMID: 38818579 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report a square-like D4h H©K4H4- anion with one planar tetracoordinate hydrogen (ptH) center, which is the global minimum (GM) structure and possesses good dynamic stability. The planar structure of the system is preserved by four peripheral K-H-K three-center two-electron (3c-2e) σ bonds together with one 5c-2e σ bond over the HK4 core. The multicenter ionic bonds dominate the stability of ptH, while the contribution of qualitative σ aromaticity is extremely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Bai
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yan-Xia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Jin-Chang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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3
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Liu XB, Tiznado W, Cui LJ, Barroso J, Leyva-Parra L, Miao LH, Zhang HY, Pan S, Merino G, Cui ZH. Exploring the Use of "Honorary Transition Metals" To Push the Boundaries of Planar Hypercoordinate Alkaline-Earth Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16689-16697. [PMID: 38843775 PMCID: PMC11191695 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The quest for planar hypercoordinate atoms (phA) beyond six has predominantly focused on transition metals, with dodecacoordination being the highest reported thus far. Extending this bonding scenario to main-group elements, which typically lack d orbitals despite their larger atomic radius, has posed significant challenges. Intrigued by the potentiality of covalent bonding formation using the d orbitals of the heavier alkaline-earth metals (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba), the so-called "honorary transition metals", we aim to push the boundaries of planar hypercoordination. By including rings formed by 12-15 atoms of boron-carbon and Ae centers, we propose a design scheme of 180 candidates with a phA. Further systematic screening, structural examination, and stability assessments identified 10 potential clusters with a planar hypercoordinate alkaline-earth metal (phAe) as the lowest-energy form. These unconventional structures embody planar dodeca-, trideca-, tetradeca-, and pentadecacoordinate atoms. Chemical bonding analyses reveal the important role of Ae d orbitals in facilitating covalent interactions between the central Ae atom and the surrounding boron-carbon rings, thereby establishing a new record for coordination numbers in the two-dimensional realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-bo Liu
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - William Tiznado
- Centro
de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C),
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Li-Juan Cui
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Jorge Barroso
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Luis Leyva-Parra
- Centro
de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C),
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Lin-hong Miao
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Hui-yu Zhang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación
y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso.
Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, México
| | - Zhong-hua Cui
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- Key
Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry
of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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4
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Sarmah K, Kalita AJ, Purkayastha SK, Guha AK. Pushing The Extreme of Multicentre Bonding: Planar Pentacoordinate Hydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318741. [PMID: 38298097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Planar hypercoordination has sparkled interest among the researchers from last few decades. Most of the elements in the Periodic Table have shown this remarkable structural feature. However, the smallest element, hydrogen, is missing in the list. No evidence is there in the literature. Herein, we introduce the first planar pentacoordinate hydrogen atom (ppH) in the global minimum geometry of Li5 H6 - cluster. Bonding analysis indicates that the central hydrogen atom is stabilized by multicentre bonding with five surrounding Li atoms. Natural charge analysis reveals that the central hydrogen is acting like a hydride which is strongly attracted by the positively charged surrounding lithium centres. The ppH structure is stabilized by strong electrostatic attraction as well as extensive multicentre bonding. Aromaticity has no role to play here. The cluster is dynamically stable and is expected to be detected in gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Siddhartha K Purkayastha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
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5
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Sarmah K, Kalita AJ, Guha AK. Planar tetracoordinate fluorine atom: global minimum with viable possibility. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6678-6682. [PMID: 38273813 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Planar hypercoordinate structures are emerging tremendously. Most of the second-row elements from the periodic table exhibit this remarkable structural feature. Planar tetracoordinate fluorine (ptF) atoms were also predicted in group 13 supported clusters. However, high-level ab initio calculations nullified the fact and established that all these ptFs were not minimum energy structures on the potential energy surface. Thus, a true ptF is still scarce in the literature. Herein, we propose the unprecedented ptF as the global minimum of the C2V symmetric H3Li4F- cluster. Heavier alkali metals (Na and K) showed similar results. Both density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio calculations revealed that the ptF structure is a real minimum and indeed, the global minimum. Bonding analysis indicates that the central fluorine atom is stabilized by multicentre bonding with four surrounding Li atoms. Natural charge analysis reveals that the fluorine atom is negatively charged, which is strongly attracted by the positively charged surrounding lithium centres, thereby imparting significant electrostatic attraction. Aromaticity has no role to play here. The cluster is dynamically stable and is expected to be detected in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
| | - Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
| | - Ankur Kanti Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
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6
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Jin B, Wang ZR, Wu YB. Tetracoordinate or tricoordinate? Planar tetracoordinate nitrogen in the NBe4H4- cluster stabilized by multicenter bonds. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054304. [PMID: 38341688 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Realization of planar tetracoordinate arrangements of nitrogen atoms is challenging because their preference for localized bonding (caused by its high electronegativity) makes them typically tricoordinate. This is especially true for the more electronegative oxygen atoms. Herein, we computationally designed two clusters NBe4H4- and OBe4H4; they contain a planar tetracoordinate nitrogen (ptN) and planar tetracoordinate oxygen (ptO) atom, respectively. Remarkably, the former is a dynamically stable global minimum, while the latter is not. The bonding analysis proves that planar tetracoordination in NBe4H4- favors over tricoordination because of the presence of multicenter delocalized bonds. In contrast, the planar tricoordination dominates due to its weak delocalized bonding ability of oxygen in the OBe4H4 cluster. Moreover, the 6σ/2π double aromaticity due to multicenter delocalized bonds allows the NBe4H4- cluster to obtain additional stability. This cluster is a promising synthetic due its dynamic and thermodynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Ran Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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7
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Kalita AJ, Rohman SS, Sahu PP, Guha AK. Planar Tetracoordinate Hydrogen: Pushing the Limit of Multicentre Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317312. [PMID: 38010906 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Among the list of planar tetracoordinate atoms, the smallest element hydrogen is missing. No experimental and theoretical evidence have ever been put forwarded. Herein, we introduce the first planar tetracoordinate hydrogen atom (ptH) in the global minimum geometry of In4 H+ cluster. Bonding analysis indicates that the central hydrogen atom is acting like a proton and significant charge transfer from the surrounding In4 framework results in a negative charge of the central hydrogen atom. The proposed global minimum geometry possesses σ-aromaticity and the central hydrogen atom forms unusual multicentre bond with more than three centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Shahnaz S Rohman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| | - Prem P Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ankur Kanti Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
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8
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Jin B, Yan M, Feng LY, Miao CQ, Wang YJ. CBe 2 H 5 - : Unprecedented 2σ/2π Double Aromaticity and Dynamic Structural Fluxionality in a Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Cluster. Chemistry 2024:e202304134. [PMID: 38205620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A 14-electron ternary anionic CBe2 H5 - cluster containing a planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) atom is designed herein. Remarkably, it can be stabilized by only two beryllium atoms with both π-acceptor/σ-donor properties and two hydrogen atoms, which means that the conversion from planar methane (transition state) to ptC species (global minimum) requires the substitution of only two hydrogen atoms. Moreover, two ligand H atoms exhibit alternate rotation, giving rise to interesting dynamic fluxionality in this cluster. The electronic structure analysis reveals the flexible bonding positions of ligand H atoms due to C-H localized bonds, highlighting the rotational fluxionality in the cluster, and two CBe2 3c-2e delocalized bonds endow its rare 2σ/2π double aromaticity. Unprecedentedly, the fluxional process exhibits a conversion in the type of bonding (σ bond↔π bond), which is an uncommon fluxional mechanism. The cluster can be seen as an attempt to apply planar hypercoordinate carbon species to molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Yan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Qing Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
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9
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Abstract
Despite the long list of planar tetracoordinate atoms, hydrogen is elusive. This is especially due to the inherent ability of hydrogen to form multicenter bonds with other centers. Herein, we introduce the first planar tetracoordinate hydrogen atom (ptH) in the global minimum geometry of a C2v symmetric Li4H4- cluster. Bonding analysis indicates that the central hydrogen atom is stabilized by multicenter bonding with four surrounding Li atoms. Natural charge analysis reveals that the central hydrogen is acting like a hydride, which is strongly attracted by the positively charged surrounding lithium centers. The ptH structure is stabilized by strong electrostatic attraction as well as extensive multicenter bonding. Aromaticity has no role to play here. The cluster is dynamically stable and is expected to be detected in the gas phase. Introduction of a heavier alkali metal such as sodium makes the planar C2v cluster a local minimum with slightly higher energy than the linear global minimum geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, India 781001
| | - Amlan Jyoti Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, India 781001
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, India 781001
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10
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Gohain N, Bordoloi A, Kalita AJ, Guha AK. Rare Spin Avoided σ-σ Diradical Planar Tetracoordinate Boron Cluster: A Proto-Star for Planar Pentacoordination. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300101. [PMID: 37409624 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a global planar star-like cluster B3 Li3 featuring three planar tetracoordinate boron centres with a rare spin avoided σ-σ diradical character. The cluster was found to be stable towards dissociation into different fragments. The spin density was found to be localized solely on the three boron atoms in the molecular plane. This spin avoided σ-σ diradical character leads to the extension of the coordination number to yield a neutral B3 Li3 H3 and a cationic B3 Li3 H3 + cluster with three planar pentacoordinate boron centres in their global minimum structures. The planar geometry of the aninonic B3 Li3 H3 - cluster is slightly higher in energy. The planar global clusters were found to maintain planarity in their ligand protected benzene bound complexes, B3 Li3 (Bz)3 , B3 Li3 H3 (Bz)3 and B3 Li3 H3 (Bz)3 + with high ligand dissociation energies offering candidature for experimental detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Gohain
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Abhik Bordoloi
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
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11
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Wang MH, Kalita AJ, Orozco-Ic M, Yan GR, Chen C, Yan B, Castillo-Toraya G, Tiznado W, Guha AK, Pan S, Merino G, Cui ZH. Planar pentacoordinate s-block metals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8785-8791. [PMID: 37621437 PMCID: PMC10445469 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05939h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of a delocalized π-bond is often considered an essential criterion for achieving planar hypercoordination. Herein, we show that σ-delocalization could be sufficient to make the planar configuration the most stable isomer in a series of planar pentacoordinate s-block metals. High-level ab initio computations reveal that the global minimum of a series of interalkali and interalkali-alkaline earth clusters (LiNa5, Li5Mg+, Na5Mg+, K5Ca+, CaRb5+, Rb5Sr+, and SrCs5+) adopts a singlet D5h structure with a planar pentacoordinate lithium or alkaline earth metal (AE = Mg, Ca, Sr). These clusters are unusual combinations to stabilize a planar pentacoordinate atom, as all their constituents are electropositive. Despite the absence of π-electrons, Hückel's rule is fulfilled by the six σ-electrons. Furthermore, the systems exhibit a diatropic ring current in response to an external magnetic field and a strong magnetic shielding, so they might be classified as σ-aromatic. Therefore, multicenter σ-bonds and the resulting σ-delocalization stabilize these clusters, even though they lack π-aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam 781001 India
| | - Mesías Orozco-Ic
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
| | - Gai-Ru Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Gabriela Castillo-Toraya
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yucatan Mexico
| | - William Tiznado
- Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello Avenida República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam 781001 India
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yucatan Mexico
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
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12
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Li HX, Wang MH, Li Q, Cui ZH. Two-dimensional Be 2Al and Be 2Ga monolayer: anti-van't Hoff/Le Bel planar hexacoordinate bonding and superconductivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1105-1113. [PMID: 36514964 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because of the electron deficiency of boron, a triangular network with planar hexacoordination is the most common structural and bonding property for isolated boron clusters and two-dimensional (2D) boron sheets. However, this network is a rule-breaking structure and bonding case for all other main-group elements. Herein, the Be2M (M = Al and Ga) 2D monolayer with P6/mmm space group was found to be the lowest-energy structure with planar hexacoordinate Be/Al/Ga motifs. More interestingly, Be2Al and Be2Ga were observed to be intrinsic phonon-mediated superconductors with a superconducting critical temperature (Tc) of 5.9 and 3.6 K, respectively, where compressive strain could further enhance their Tc. The high thermochemical and kinetic stability of Be2M make a promising candidate for experimental realization, considering its high cohesive energy, absence of soft phonon modes, and good resistance to high temperature. Moreover, the feasibility of directly growing Be2M on the electride Ca2N substrate was further demonstrated, where its intriguing electronic and superconducting properties were well maintained in comparison with the freestanding monolayer. The Be2M monolayer with rule-breaking planar hexacoordinate motifs firmly pushes the ultimate connection of the "anti-van't Hoff/Le Bel" structure with promising physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China. .,Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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13
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Das P, Chattaraj PK. BSinGe4−n+ (n = 0−2): prospective systems containing planar tetracoordinate boron (ptB). J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Das P, Patra SG, Chattaraj PK. CB 6Al 0/+: Planar hexacoordinate boron (phB) in the global minimum structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22634-22644. [PMID: 36106478 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03532d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report for the first time the presence of a planar hexacoordinate boron (phB) atom in the global minimum energy structure of a neutral cluster system. The potential energy surface (PES) has been explored for CB6Al0/+/- systems using density functional theory (DFT). The global minima of CB6Al (1a) and CB6Al+ (1b) contain a phB center. However, the global minimum of CB6Al- (1c) does not have a phB atom. The CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory has been applied to compute the relative energies of the low-lying isomers with respect to the 1a and 1b structures of CB6Al and CB6Al+ systems, respectively. The exploration of the PES of CB60/+/- systems indicates that the global minima do not contain a phB atom. However, the incorporation of an aluminium (Al) atom into the CB6 moiety produces structures containing a phB center in the CB6Al0/+ systems. Hence, the Al metal has an important role in attaining a planar geometry having a hexacoordinate boron center. The dynamical stability of CB6Al (1a) and CB6Al+ (1b) was confirmed from the atom-centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) simulation over 20 ps of time at temperatures of 300 K and 400 K. The natural charge computations showed that the charges on the phB are almost zero in both systems. The 1a structure has σ/π-dual aromaticity as predicted from the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) values and the gauge-including magnetically induced ring current (GIMIC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Shanti Gopal Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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15
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Jin B, Wang ZR. Binary mono-anions with unprecedented anti-aromatic planar tetracoordinate carbon and nitrogen atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17956-17960. [PMID: 35876834 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global minima (CBe4- and NBe4-) with planar tetracoordinate carbon and nitrogen atoms are stabilized by multicentric bonds. Their unusual anti-aromaticity is due to the strong localized Be-Be bonds preventing the full delocalization of the electrons in the CBe4/NBe4 skeleton. These binary mono-anions are expected to be experimentally realized in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zai-Ran Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Das P, Khatun M, Anoop A, Chattaraj PK. CSi nGe 4-n2+ ( n = 1-3): prospective systems containing planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16701-16711. [PMID: 35770562 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01494g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations have been carried out to explore the potential energy surface (PES) of CSinGe4-n2+/+/0 (n = 1-3) systems. The global minimum structures in the di-cationic states (1a, 1b, and 1c) contain a planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC). For the CSi2Ge22+ system, the second stable isomer (2b) also contains a ptC with 0.67 kcal mol-1 higher energy than that of the 1b ptC isomer. The global minima of the neutral and mono-cationic states of the designed systems are not planar. The 1a, 1b, and 1c structures follow the 18 valence electron rule. The relative energies of the low-lying isomers of CSiGe32+, CSi2Ge22+, and CSi3Ge2+ systems with respect to the global minima were calculated using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ method. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for 50 ps time indicate that all the global minimum structures (1a, 1b, and 1c) are kinetically stable at 300 K and 500 K temperatures. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis suggests strong σ-acceptance of the ptC from the four surrounding atoms and simultaneously π-donation occurs from the ptC center. The nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) showed σ/π-dual aromaticity. We hope that the designed di-cationic systems may be viable in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Maya Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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17
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σ-Aromaticity in planar pentacoordinate aluminium and gallium clusters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10041. [PMID: 35710864 PMCID: PMC9203769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar hypercoordinate structures are gaining immense attention due to the shift from common paradigm. Herein, our high level ab initio calculations predict that planar pentacoordinate aluminium and gallium centres in Cu5Al2+ and Cu5Ga2+ clusters are global minima in their singlet ground states. These clusters are thermodynamically and kinetically very stable. Detailed electronic structure analyses reveal the presence of σ-aromaticity which is the driving force for the stability of the planar form.
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18
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Kalita AJ, Baruah I, Sarmah K, Borah RR, Yashmin F, Guha AK. Planar Pentacoordinate Zinc Group Elements Stabilized by Multicentric Bonds. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1259-1263. [PMID: 35007083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Planar pentacoordinate zinc group elements, (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) were computationally found to be at a global minimum in Li5M+ clusters. The stability of these clusters is due to the presence of multicentric bonds. The central element (Zn, Cd, Hg) in each cluster features a negative oxidation state owing to the in-plane electron donation by the Li5+ framework. A similar global minimum planar pentacoordinate structure is found in Na5Zn+ and Na5Cd+ clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Indrani Baruah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Ritam R Borah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Farnaz Yashmin
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
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19
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Wang MH, Cui ZH, Wang S, Li Q, Zhao J, Chen Z. Two-dimensional Be2Au Monolayer with Planar Hexacoordinate s-Block Metal Atoms: A Superconducting Global Minimum Dirac Material with Two Perfect Dirac Node-Loops. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11099-11109. [PMID: 36320472 PMCID: PMC9517706 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a starlike Be6Au7− cluster as a building block and following the bottom-up strategy, an intriguing two-dimensional (2D) binary s-block metal Be2Au monolayer with a P6/mmm space group was theoretically designed. Both the Be6Au7− cluster and the 2D monolayer are global minima featuring rule-breaking planar hexacoordinate motifs (anti-van't Hoff/Le Bel arrangement), and their high stabilities are attributed to good electron delocalization and electronic-stabilization-induced steric force. Strikingly, the Be2Au monolayer is a rare Dirac material with two perfect Dirac node-loops in the band structure and is a phonon-mediated superconductor with a critical temperature of 4.0 K. The critical temperature can be enhanced up to 11.0 K by applying compressive strain at only 1.6%. This study not only identifies a new binary s-block metal 2D material, namely Be2Au, which features planar hexacoordination, and a candidate superconducting material for further explorations, but also provides a new strategy to construct 2D materials with novel chemical bonding. A topological superconductor, named Be2Au monolayer, containing planar hexacoordinate s-block metal (Be and Au) atoms was theoretically designed by rationally assembling related clusters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physic, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physic, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico San Juan PR 00931 USA
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20
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Wang MH, Chen C, Pan S, Cui ZH. Planar hexacoordinate gallium. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15067-15076. [PMID: 34909147 PMCID: PMC8612373 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first planar hexacoordinate gallium (phGa) center in the global minimum of the GaBe6Au6 + cluster which has a star-like D 6h geometry with 1A1g electronic state, possessing a central gallium atom encompassed by a Be6 hexagon and each Be-Be edge is further capped by an Au atom. The electronic delocalization resulting in double aromaticity (both σ and π) provides electronic stability in the planar form of the GaBe6Au6 + cluster. The high kinetic stability of the title cluster is also understood by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. The energy decomposition analysis in combination with the 'natural orbitals for chemical valence' theory reveals that the bonding in the GaBe6Au6 + cluster is best expressed as the doublet Ga atom with 4s24p⊥ 1 electronic configuration forming an electron-sharing π bond with the doublet Be6Au6 + moiety followed by Ga(s)→[Be6Au6 +] σ-backdonation and two sets of Ga(p‖)←[Be6Au6 +] σ-donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences China
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21
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Abstract
Six-valence-electron planar pentacoordinate beryllium (ppBe) is explored herein as a global minimum, which is only constructed by s-block metals in BeM5+ (M = Cu, Ag, Au). The bonding in ppBe can be regarded as the excited-stated Be with a 2px12py1 electronic configuration, forming electron sharing with doublet M5+ motifs followed by two sets of Be(p∥) → [M5+] σ donations and one Be(s) ← [M5+] σ back-donation. Thus, the σ aromaticity originating from three delocalized σ orbitals gives rise to the whole stability of the high D5h-symmetry ppBe and strongly enriches s-block planar hypercoordinate bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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22
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Abstract
We have explored the chemical space of BAl4Mg−/0/+ for the first time and theoretically characterized several isomers with interesting bonding patterns. We have used chemical intuition and a cluster building method based on the tabu-search algorithm implemented in the Python program for aggregation and reaction (PyAR) to obtain the maximum number of possible stationary points. The global minimum geometries for the anion (1a) and cation (1c) contain a planar tetracoordinate boron (ptB) atom, whereas the global minimum geometry for the neutral (1n) exhibits a planar pentacoordinate boron (ppB) atom. The low-lying isomers of the anion (2a) and cation (3c) also contain a ppB atom. The low-lying isomer of the neutral (2n) exhibits a ptB atom. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations carried out at 298 K for 2000 fs suggest that all isomers are kinetically stable, except the cation 3c. Simulations carried out at low temperatures (100 and 200 K) for 2000 fs predict that even 3c is kinetically stable, which contains a ppB atom. Various bonding analyses (NBO, AdNDP, AIM, etc.) are carried out for these six different geometries of BAl4Mg−/0/+ to understand the bonding patterns. Based on these results, we conclude that ptB/ppB scenarios are prevalent in these systems. Compared to the carbon counter-part, CAl4Mg−, here the anion (BAl4Mg−) obeys the 18 valence electron rule, as B has one electron fewer than C. However, the neutral and cation species break the rule with 17 and 16 valence electrons, respectively. The electron affinity (EA) of BAl4Mg is slightly higher (2.15 eV) than the electron affinity of CAl4Mg (2.05 eV). Based on the EA value, it is believed that these molecules can be identified in the gas phase. All the ptB/ppB isomers exhibit π/σ double aromaticity. Energy decomposition analysis predicts that the interaction between BAl4−/0/+ and Mg is ionic in all these six systems.
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23
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Pröhm P, Schwarze N, Müller C, Steinhauer S, Beckers H, Rupf SM, Riedel S. Non-classical polyinterhalides of chlorine monofluoride: experimental and theoretical characterization of [F(ClF) 3] . Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4843-4846. [PMID: 33870378 PMCID: PMC8117328 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of the first non-classical Cl(i) polyinterhalide [NMe4][F(ClF)3] as well as the homologous polychloride [NPr3Me][Cl7]. Both salts were obtained from the reaction of the corresponding ammonium chlorides with ClF or Cl2, respectively. Quantum-chemical investigations predict an unexpected planar structure for the [F(ClF)3]- anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pröhm
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department for Chemistry and BiochemistryFabeckstr. 34/36BerlinGermany
| | - Nico Schwarze
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department for Chemistry and BiochemistryFabeckstr. 34/36BerlinGermany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department for Chemistry and BiochemistryFabeckstr. 34/36BerlinGermany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department for Chemistry and BiochemistryFabeckstr. 34/36BerlinGermany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department for Chemistry and BiochemistryFabeckstr. 34/36BerlinGermany
| | - Susanne M. Rupf
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department for Chemistry and BiochemistryFabeckstr. 34/36BerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department for Chemistry and BiochemistryFabeckstr. 34/36BerlinGermany
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