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Li S, Liu X, Tung CH, Liu L. Late-Stage Chemo- and Enantioselective Oxidation of Indoles to C3-Monosubstituted Oxindoles. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38038721 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric preparation of chiral 3-monosubstituted oxindoles represents a significant challenge in synthetic chemistry due to the ease of racemization of the tertiary stereocenter through enolization. Here, we describe a general titanium-catalyzed chemo- and enantioselective indole oxidation to produce a diverse set of chiral 3-monosubstituted oxindoles with up to 96% yield, 99% ee, and with a substrate/catalyst ratio of 10,000 by using the combination of a simple titanium(salan) catalyst with green and atom-economic terminal oxidant H2O2. The mild approach tolerates a broad range of functional groups, enabling late-stage asymmetric diversification of a series of commercial drugs and natural products together with late-stage asymmetric construction of a wide set of enzyme antagonists, all of which are difficult to achieve through existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xigong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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2
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Cong X, Huang L, Hou Z. C–H functionalization with alkenes, allenes, and alkynes by half-sandwich rare-earth catalysts. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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3
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Wang L, Gao F, Zhang X, Peng T, Xu Y, Wang R, Yang D. Concerted Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Imines Mediated by a Magnesium Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:610-625. [PMID: 36538490 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective [2 + 2] cyclization between an imine and a carbon-carbon double bond is a versatile strategy to build chiral azetidines. However, α-branched allenoates have never been successfully applied in [2 + 2] cyclization reactions with imines, as they always undergo Kwon's [4 + 2] annulation in previous catalytic methods. Herein, a simple in situ generated magnesium catalyst was employed to successfully achieve the enantioselective [2 + 2] cyclization reaction of DPP-imines and α-branched allenoates for the first time. Insightful experiments including KIE experiments, controlled experiments, Hammett plot analysis, and 31P NMR studies of initial intermediates indicate that the current [2 + 2] cyclization of imine most likely involves an asynchronous concerted transition state. Further mechanistic investigations by combining kinetic studies, ESI experiments, 31P NMR studies of coordination complexes, and controlled experiments on reaction rates under different catalyst loading amounts provided the coordination details for this [2 + 2] cyclization reaction between DPP-imines and α-branched allenoates. This new approach was applied to the synthesis of various chiral aza-heterocycles, including the enantioselective synthesis of the key intermediate of a lipid-lowering agent Ezetimibe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Feiyun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingfan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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4
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Hua RY, Yu SF, Jie XT, Qiu H, Hu WH. Multicomponent Assembly of Complex Oxindoles by Enantioselective Cooperative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213407. [PMID: 36266979 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral oxindoles are important chemical scaffolds found in many natural products, and their enantioselective synthesis thus attracts considerable attention. Highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthetic methods for constructing C3 quaternary oxindoles have been well-developed. However, the efficient synthesis of chiral 3-substituted tertiary oxindoles has been rarely reported due to the ease of racemization of the tertiary stereocenter via enolization. Therefore, we herein report on the multicomponent assembly (from N-aryl diazoamides, aldehydes, and enamines/indoles) of complex oxindoles by enantioselective cooperative catalysis. These reactions proceed under mild conditions and show broad substrate scope, affording the desired coupling products (>90 examples) with good to excellent stereocontrol. Additionally, this research also demonstrates the synthetic potential of this annulation by constructing the 6,6,5-tricyclic lactone core structure of Speradine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yu Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Si-Fan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Jie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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5
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Zhao L, Li P, Wang L, Tang Y. Allenamide‐Initiated Cascade [2+2+2] Annulation Enabling the Divergent Total Synthesis of (−)‐Deoxoapodine, (−)‐Kopsifoline D and (±)‐Melotenine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207360. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu‐Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Peng‐Juan Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development Department of Chemistry East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development Department of Chemistry East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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Wu H, Qu B, Nguyen T, Lorenz JC, Buono F, Haddad N. Recent Advances in Non-Precious Metal Catalysis. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Chemical Development US, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Bo Qu
- Chemical Development US, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Thach Nguyen
- Chemical Development US, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Jon C. Lorenz
- Chemical Development US, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Frederic Buono
- Chemical Development US, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Nizar Haddad
- Chemical Development US, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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7
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Zhao LP, Li PJ, Wang L, Tang Y. Allenamide Initiated Cascade [2+2+2] Annulation Enabling the Divergent Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Deoxoapodine, (‐)‐Kopsifoline D and (±)‐Melotenine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Peng Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Peng-Juan Li
- East China Normal University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Lijia Wang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering 500 Dongchuan Rd. 200241 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Yong Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry 345 Lingling Rd. 200032 Shanghai CHINA
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