1
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Liu XH, Qian YN, Xie ZX, Tian PH, Huang ZH, Zhou B, Yue JM. Stereochemical insights into enantioselective antiplasmodial lignanamides from the twigs and leaves of Solanum erianthum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 224:114163. [PMID: 38815883 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Stereochemical investigations on the twigs and leaves of Solanum erianthum afforded five pairs of lignanamide enantiomers and a previously undescribed phenolic amide (3). Particularly, two pairs of previously undescribed lignanamide racemates (1a/1b-2a/2b) represent the first case of natural products that feature an unreported 5/5-fused N/O-biheterocyclic core. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were determined unambiguously by using spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism calculations. A speculative biogenetic pathway for 1-3 was proposed. Interestingly, these lignanamides exhibited enantioselective antiplasmodial activities against drug-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2 strain, pointing out that chirality plays an important role in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Hong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Nan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peng-Hai Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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2
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An PP, Huang H, Ru SJ, Gao Y, Ren YH, Gao K, Zhou H, Zhou B, Yue JM. Intriguing steroid glycosides for cancer therapy by suppressing the DNA damage response and mTOR/S6K signaling pathways. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107619. [PMID: 39024806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Two rare 8-hydroxysteroid glycosides (6-7), and their downstream metabolites (1-5) with an unprecedented 6/6/5/5/5-pentacyclic scaffold, together with seven known analogues (8-14) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Strophanthus divaricatus. Their structures were fully assigned by analysis of the spectroscopic and ECD data, NMR calculations, X-ray crystallographic study, and chemical methods. In addition, the inhibitory effects of 1-14 on liver and lung cancer cell lines were evaluated, and preliminary structure-activity relationship was discussed. Data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomic analysis and biological verification of H1299 cells suggested that this family of compounds may play an anticancer role by suppressing both DNA damage response (DDR) and mTOR/S6K signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Su-Jie Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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3
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Addae-Mensah I, Dziwornu GA, Chama MA, Osei-Safo D. The dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds: structural diversity, bioactivity, and future research perspectives. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38963155 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Covering mainly from 2013 up to 2023 with relevant references to work done before 2013First reported in 1995, the dichapetalins and analogous compounds constitute a novel class of natural dammarane-type merotriterpenoids characterized by their unique 2-phenylpyrano moiety annellated to ring A of the dammarane skeleton. They have been reported from only two genera: Dichapetalum (Dichapetalaceae) and Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae). About 100 novel dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds, including the acutissimatriterpenes and their antitumour and other bioactivities have been reported. In the present review, we cover the distribution, ethnobotanical and medicinal importance and the diversity of secondary metabolites reported from the two genera Dichapetalum and Phyllanthus from 2013 to date, with appropriate reference to relevant information prior to 2013. We also propose and discuss possible biosynthetic pathways, antitumour activity against a broad range of human and murine cancer cell lines, structure activity relationships, and other biological activities and mechanisms of action. Finally, the review deals with future perspectives which include expansion of the structural diversity and bioactivity scope, possible simplification of the structural complexity of the compounds to enhance their drug-likeness, in silico studies, and continuation of the search for new dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds from the over 200 Dichapetalum and over 1200 Phyllanthus species yet to be investigated. It is envisaged that the present review will stimulate further multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Godwin Akpeko Dziwornu
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Mary Anti Chama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Dorcas Osei-Safo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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4
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Zhang DL, Wang Y, Liu JB, Chen Q, Li SY, Jin DJ, Tang SA. Dichapetalin-type triterpenoids from Dichapetalum longipetalum and their anti-inflammatory activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 217:113900. [PMID: 37898415 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical research on the twigs of Dichapetalum longipetalum (Turcz.) Engl. Resulted in five undescribed dichapetalin-type triterpenoids 1-5. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis of HR-ESIMS and NMR spectra and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was completely elucidated by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Through preliminary anti-inflammatory activity assessment, compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages with an IC50 value of 2.09 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jing-Bo Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Shao-Yong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - De-Jun Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, PR China.
| | - Sheng-An Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
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5
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Chama MA, Dziwornu GA, Popli E, Mas-Claret E, Egyir B, Ayine-Tora DM, Owusu KBA, Reid DG, Osei-Safo D, Duer M, Mulholland D, Bender A. Antimicrobial and in silico studies of the triterpenoids of Dichapetalum albidum. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18299. [PMID: 37539285 PMCID: PMC10395534 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report a new polyhydroxylated triterpene, 2β,6β,21α-trihydroxyfriedelan-3-one (4) isolated from the root and stem bark of Dichapetalum albidum A. Chev (Dichapetalaceae), along with six known triterpenoids (1-3, 5, 6, 8), sitosterol-3β-O-D-glucopyranoside (9), a dipeptide (7), and a tyramine derivative of coumaric acid (10). Friedelan-3-one (2) showed an antimicrobial activity (IC50) of 11.40 μg/mL against Bacillus cereus, while friedelan-3α-ol (1) gave an IC50 of 13.07 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus with ampicillin reference standard of 19.52 μg/mL and 0.30 μg/mL respectively. 3β-Acetyl tormentic acid (5) showed an IC50 of 12.50 μg/mL against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and sitosterol-3β-O-d-glucopyranoside (9) showed an IC50 of 5.06 μg/mL against Leishmania donovani with respective reference standards of IC50 5.02 μg/mL for suramin and IC50 0.27 μg/mL for amphotericin B. Molecular docking of the isolated compounds on the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) suggested 3β-acetyl tormentic acid (5) and sitosterol-3β-O-D-glucopyranoside (9) as plausible inhibitors of the enzyme in accordance with the experimental biological results observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A. Chama
- Department of Chemistry, SPMS, CBAS, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | | | - Elizabeth Popli
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Beverly Egyir
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | | | - Kofi B-A. Owusu
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - David G. Reid
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Melinda Duer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dulcie Mulholland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Xie J, Zheng Z, Liu X, Zhang N, Choi S, He C, Dong G. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Phainanoid A and Biological Evaluation of the Natural Product and Its Synthetic Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4828-4852. [PMID: 36799470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report our detailed efforts toward the synthesis of phainanoids, a novel class of dammarane-type triterpenoids with potent immunosuppressive activities and unique structural features. Systematic model studies have been carried out, and efficient approaches have been established to construct the benzofuranone-based 4,5-spirocycle, the D/E/F tricyclic core, the [4.3.1] propellane, and the 5,5-oxaspirolactone moieties. The asymmetric synthesis of (+)-phainanoid A has been achieved through kinetic resolution of the tricyclic core followed by diastereoselective installation of the A/B/C and G/H rings and fragment coupling with the enantioenriched I/J rings. In addition, novel estrone-derived phainanoid analogues have been prepared. The immunosuppressive and cell survival assays revealed that (+)-phainanoid A and some of its synthetic analogues can specifically inhibit stimulation-induced lymphocyte proliferation but not cell survival at their effective concentrations. Preliminary structure-activity relationship information has been obtained, which could inspire future design of immunosuppressive phainanoid analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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7
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Zhou B, Gao XH, Zhang MM, Liu HC, Yue JM. Dichapetalins from the Twigs of Dichapetalum longipetalum with Cytotoxic Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:209-221. [PMID: 36583957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Continued efforts to expand the structural diversity of dichapetalins and explore further the cytotoxic structure-activity relationships have led to the isolation of 17 undescribed analogues, dichapelonins A-Q (1-17), and three known compounds (18-20) from the twigs of Dichapetalum longipetalum. Compounds 1-17 comprise five compound classes as classified by varied C6-C2 conjugates at the A ring of the 13,30-cyclodammarane skeleton, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, experimental electronic circular dichroism measurements, and X-ray crystallography. Biological tests revealed compounds 1-7 with a phenyl-butadiene appendage to be the most potent cytotoxic compound type of those evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People's Republic of China
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8
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Liu YF, Yu SS. Survey of natural products reported by Asian research groups in 2021. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:905-924. [PMID: 36111695 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The new natural products reported in 2021 in peer-reviewed articles in journals with good reputations were reviewed and analyzed. The advances made by Asian research groups in the field of natural products chemistry in 2021 were summarized. Compounds with unique structural features and/or promising bioactivities originating from Asian natural sources were discussed based on their structural classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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9
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Cui JJ, Han YS, Zhou B, Yue JM. Ursane and 24-Noroleanane-Type Triterpenoids with Anti-HIV Activity from the Twigs and Leaves of Antirhea chinensis. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200716. [PMID: 36008326 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the twigs and leaves of Antirhea chinensis have led to the discovery of two undescribed pentacyclic triterpenoids ( 1 and 2 ) and nine known analogues. Compounds 1 and 2 , each assigned as the ursane and 24-noroleanane-type triterpenoids, featuring similar oxidation pattern of 3 β ,6 β ,19 α -trihydroxy-28-carboxyl. Their structures were elucidated via comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic data. Compound 1 displayed potent anti-HIV activity (EC 50 = 1.24 μ M) and high selectivity index (SI > 32.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Cui
- Lanzhou University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Ying-Shan Han
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University AIDS Centre,, Quebec H3T 1E2, Montreal, CANADA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, Shanghai, CHINA
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10
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Gao X, Wang X, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhou B, Yue J. Rearranged Dichapetalin‐type Triterpenoids with Cytotoxic Activity from
Dichapetalum gelonioides. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi‐Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Su Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery Yantai Shandong 264117 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian‐Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Discovery of New Drug Lead Molecules Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery Yantai Shandong 264117 People's Republic of China
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