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Wan S, Musielak N, Oliver AG, Jaffe A. Controlling Electron Delocalization in Vanadium-Based Hybrid Bronzes through Molecular Templation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202314523. [PMID: 37917037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We show that the conductivity of hybrid vanadium bronzes-mixed-valence organic-inorganic vanadium oxides-can be tuned over six orders of magnitude through judicious choice of molecular component. By systematically varying the steric profile, charge density, and propensity to hydrogen bond across a series of eight diammonium-based molecules, we engender multiple distinct motifs of V-O connectivity within the two-dimensional vanadium oxide layers of a family of bulk crystalline hybrid materials. A combination of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis, variable-temperature electrical transport measurements, and a range of spectroscopic methods, including UV/Visible diffuse reflectance, X-ray photoelectron, and electron paramagnetic resonance are employed to probe how vanadium oxide layer topology correlates with electron localization. Specifically, alkylammonium molecules yield hybrids featuring more corrugated layers that contain V-O tetrahedra as well as a higher ratio of corner-sharing to edge-sharing polyhedra and that exhibit highly localized electronic behavior, while alkyl bipyridinium molecules yield more regular layers with polyhedral edge-sharing that show substantially delocalized electronic behavior. This work allows for the development of design principles based on structure-property relationships and brings the charge transport capabilities of hybrid vanadium bronzes to more technologically relevant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchen Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Nicole Musielak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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2
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Fertig AA, Cooney SE, Meyer RL, Brennessel WW, Matson EM. Mechanistic insight into rapid oxygen-atom transfer from a calix-functionalized polyoxovanadate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6004-6007. [PMID: 35485443 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01228f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report accelerated rates of oxygen-atom transfer from a polyoxovanadate-alkoxide cluster following functionalization with a 4-tertbutylcalix[4]arene ligand. Incorporation of this electron withdrawing ligand modifies the electronics of the metal oxide core, favoring a mechanism in which the rate of oxygen-atom transfer is limited by outer-sphere electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Fertig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Shannon E Cooney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Rachel L Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | | | - Ellen M Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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3
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Schreiber E, Brennessel WW, Matson EM. Charge-State Dependence of Proton Uptake in Polyoxovanadate-alkoxide Clusters. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4789-4800. [PMID: 35293218 PMCID: PMC8965876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Here, we present
an investigation of the thermochemistry of proton
uptake in acetonitrile across three charge states of a polyoxovanadate-alkoxide
(POV-alkoxide) cluster, [V6O7(OMe)12]n (n = 2–, 1–,
and 0). The vanadium oxide assembly studied features bridging sites
saturated by methoxide ligands, isolating protonation to terminal
vanadyl moieties. Exposure of [V6O7(OMe)12]n to organic acids of appropriate
strength results in the protonation of a terminal V=O bond,
generating the transient hydroxide-substituted POV-alkoxide cluster
[V6O6(OH)(OMe)12]n+1. Evidence for this intermediate proved elusive in our initial
report, but here we present the isolation of a divalent anionic cluster
that features hydrogen bonding to dimethylammonium at the terminal
oxo site. Degradation of the protonated species results in the formation
of equimolar quantities of one-electron-oxidized and oxygen-atom-efficient
complexes, [V6O7(OMe)12]n+1 and [V6O6(OMe)12]n+1. While analogous reactivity was
observed across the three charge states of the cluster, a dependence
on the acid strength was observed, suggesting that the oxidation state
of the vanadium oxide assembly influences the basicity of the cluster
surface. Spectroscopic investigations reveal sigmoidal relationships
between the acid strength and cluster conversion across the redox
series, allowing for determination of the proton affinity of the surface
of the cluster in all three charge states. The fully reduced cluster
is found to be the most basic, with higher oxidation states of the
assembly possessing substantially reduced proton affinities (∼7
pKa units per electron). These results
further our understanding of the site-specific reactivity of terminal M=O bonds with protons in an organic solvent,
revealing design criteria for engineering functional surfaces of metal
oxide materials of relevance to energy storage and conversion. Experimental determination of the surface
basicity of polyoxovanadate-alkoxide
clusters across three oxidation states reveals a charge-state dependence
of proton uptake in molecular, organofunctionalized vanadium oxide
assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ellen M Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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4
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Schreiber E, Fertig AA, Brennessel WW, Matson EM. Oxygen-Atom Defect Formation in Polyoxovanadate Clusters via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5029-5041. [PMID: 35275632 PMCID: PMC8949770 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The uptake of hydrogen
atoms (H-atoms) into reducible metal oxides
has implications in catalysis and energy storage. However, outside
of computational modeling, it is difficult to obtain insight into
the physicochemical factors that govern H-atom uptake at the atomic
level. Here, we describe oxygen-atom vacancy formation in a series
of hexavanadate assemblies via proton-coupled electron transfer, presenting
a novel pathway for the formation of defect sites at the surface of
redox-active metal oxides. Kinetic investigations reveal that H-atom
transfer to the metal oxide surface occurs through concerted proton–electron
transfer, resulting in the formation of a transient VIII–OH2 moiety that, upon displacement of the water
ligand with an acetonitrile molecule, forms the oxygen-deficient polyoxovanadate-alkoxide
cluster. Oxidation state distribution of the cluster core dictates
the affinity of surface oxido ligands for H-atoms, mirroring the behavior
of reducible metal oxide nanocrystals. Ultimately, atomistic insights
from this work provide new design criteria for predictive proton-coupled
electron-transfer reactivity of terminal M=O moieties at the
surface of nanoscopic metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Alex A Fertig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ellen M Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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5
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Cameron JM, Guillemot G, Galambos T, Amin SS, Hampson E, Mall Haidaraly K, Newton GN, Izzet G. Supramolecular assemblies of organo-functionalised hybrid polyoxometalates: from functional building blocks to hierarchical nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:293-328. [PMID: 34889926 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00832c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the supramolecular organisation and hierarchical self-assembly of organo-functionalised hybrid polyoxometalates (hereafter referred to as hybrid POMs), and their emerging role as multi-functional building blocks in the construction of new nanomaterials. Polyoxometalates have long been studied as a fascinating outgrowth of traditional metal-oxide chemistry, where the unusual position they occupy between individual metal oxoanions and solid-state bulk oxides imbues them with a range of attractive properties (e.g. solubility, high structural modularity and tuneable properties/reactivity). Specifically, the capacity for POMs to be covalently coupled to an effectively limitless range of organic moieties has opened exciting new avenues in their rational design, while the combination of distinct organic and inorganic components facilitates the formation of complex molecular architectures and the emergence of new, unique functionalities. Here, we present a detailed discussion of the design opportunities afforded by hybrid POMs, where fine control over their size, topology and their covalent and non-covalent interactions with a range of other species and/or substrates makes them ideal building blocks in the assembly of a broad range of supramolecular hybrid nanomaterials. We review both direct self-assembly approaches (encompassing both solution and solid-state approaches) and the non-covalent interactions of hybrid POMs with a range of suitable substrates (including cavitands, carbon nanotubes and biological systems), while giving key consideration to the underlying driving forces in each case. Ultimately, this review aims to demonstrate the enormous potential that the rational assembly of hybrid POM clusters shows for the development of next-generation nanomaterials with applications in areas as diverse as catalysis, energy-storage and molecular biology, while providing our perspective on where the next major developments in the field may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Cameron
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - Geoffroy Guillemot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Theodor Galambos
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sharad S Amin
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Hampson
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - Kevin Mall Haidaraly
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Graham N Newton
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - Guillaume Izzet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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6
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Chakraborty S, Matson EM. Reductive silylation of polyoxovanadate surfaces using Mashima's reagent. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic insights into the reductive silylation of metal oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Ellen M. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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