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Lermontova SA, Arsenyev MV, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Afanasyev AV, Yudintsev AV, Grigoryev IS, Ladilina EY, Lyubova TS, Shilyagina NY, Balalaeva IV, Klapshina LG, Piskunov AV. Novel Rigidochromic and Anti-Kasha Dual Emission Fluorophores Based on D-π-A Dyads as the Promising Materials for Potential Applications Ranging from Optoelectronics and Optical Sensing to Biophotonics and Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065818. [PMID: 36982890 PMCID: PMC10057995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Today we see an increasing demand for new fluorescent materials exhibiting various sensory abilities due to their broad applicability ranging from the construction of flexible devices to bioimaging. In this paper, we report on the new fluorescent pigments AntTCNE, PyrTCNE, and PerTCNE which consist of 3-5 fused aromatic rings substituted with tricyanoethylene fragments forming D-π-A diad. Our studies reveal that all three compounds exhibit pronounced rigidochromic properties, i.e., strong sensitivity of their fluorescence to the viscosity of the local environment. We also demonstrate that our new pigments belong to a very rare type of organic fluorophores which do not obey the well-known empirical Kasha'rule stating that photoluminescence transition always occurs from the lowest excited state of an emitting molecule. This rare spectral feature of our pigments is accompanied by an even rarer capability of spectrally and temporally well-resolved anti-Kasha dual emission (DE) from both higher and lowest electronic states in non-polar solvents. We show that among three new pigments, PerTCNE has significant potential as the medium-bandgap non-fullerene electron acceptor. Such materials are now highly demanded for indoor low-power electronics and portable devices for the Internet-of-Things. Additionally, we demonstrate that PyrTCNE has been successfully used as a structural unit in template assembling of the new cyanoarylporphyrazine framework with 4 D-π-A dyads framing this macrocycle (Pyr4CN4Pz). Similarly to its structural unit, Pyr4CN4Pz is also the anti-Kasha fluorophore, exhibiting intensive DE in viscous non-polar medium and polymer films, which strongly depends on the polarity of the local environment. Moreover, our studies showed high photodynamic activity of this new tetrapyrrole macrocycle which is combined with its unique sensory capacities (strong sensitivity of its fluorescent properties to the local environmental stimuli such as viscosity and polarity. Thus, Pyr4CN4Pz can be considered the first unique photosensitizer that potentially enables the real-time combination of photodynamic therapy and double-sensory approaches which is very important for modern biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Lermontova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maxim V Arsenyev
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anton V Cherkasov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Andrey V Yudintsev
- Biological Faculty, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ilya S Grigoryev
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Ladilina
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Lyubova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Shilyagina
- Biological Faculty, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Biological Faculty, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Larisa G Klapshina
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Piskunov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Chi W, Sun PP. Restriction of photoinduced electron transfer as a mechanism for the aggregation-induced emission of a trityl-functionalised maleimide fluorophore. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4193-4200. [PMID: 36655773 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) and restricted access to a conical intersection (RACI) have been accepted as general working mechanisms for aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena. However, as the family of AIE molecules grows, the RIM and RACl mechanisms cannot be used to fully understand some AIE phenomena. Herein, the restriction of the photoinduced electron transfer (RPET) state is proposed to rationalize the AIE phenomena of trityl-functionalised maleimide molecule based on density functional theory calculations. The "state-crossing from a locally excited to an electron transfer state" (SLEET) model was employed to predict the ON/OFF molecular PET in solution and solid states. According to the SLEET model, we showed that a non-emissive electron transfer excited state leads to the fluorescence quenching of trityl-functionalised maleimide in solution. However, due to the reduced polarity of the environment in aggregates, the electron transfer state is thermodynamically inaccessible, and a low-lying locally excited state exhibits intense emission. These findings provide a theoretical foundation to understand the working mechanisms of AIE molecules and the design of new AIEgens. We expect that the RPET mechanism can be used to screen potential AIEgens using the SLEET model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Tsutsumi N, Ito A, Niko Y, Bando Y, Takahashi K, Ikeda M, Yoneyama K, Nakamura T, Izumi M, Ochi R. Glycolipid‐Type Amphiphiles with a Small Anilinochloromaleimide‐Based Luminogen Exhibiting Aggregation‐Induced Emission. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
| | - Akitaka Ito
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Kochi University of Technology Kami Kochi 782-8502 Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design Kochi University of Technology Kami Kochi 782-8502 Japan
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
- Research and Education Faculty Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
| | - Yui Bando
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
| | - Kiyonori Takahashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES) Hokkaido University N20W10, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0020 Japan
| | - Masato Ikeda
- Faculty of Engineering Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE) Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Kaori Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture Ehime University 3-5-7 Tarumi Matsuyama 790-8566 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakamura
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES) Hokkaido University N20W10, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0020 Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
- Research and Education Faculty Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
| | - Rika Ochi
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
- Research and Education Faculty Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Kochi University 2-5-1, Akebono-cho Kochi 780-8520 Japan
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Pervez M, Pearce AK, Husband JT, Male L, Torrent‐Sucarrat M, O'Reilly RK. Enhancing Dual-State Emission in Maleimide Fluorophores through Fluorocarbon Functionalisation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201877. [PMID: 35857384 PMCID: PMC9804613 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a library of trifluoroethyl substituted aminomaleimide derivatives are reported with small size and enhanced emissions in both solution and solid-state. A diCH2 CF3 substituted aminochloromaleimide exhibits the most efficient dual-state emission (Φf >50 % in solution and solid-state), with reduced quenching from protic solvents. This is attributed to the reduction of electron density on the maleimide ring and suppressed π-π stacking in the solid-state. This mechanism was explored in-depth by crystallographic analysis, and modelling of the electronic distribution of HOMO-LUMO isosurfaces and NCI plots. Hence, these dual-state dyes overcome the limitations of single-state luminescence and will serve as an important step forward for this rapidly developing nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pervez
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
| | - Amanda K. Pearce
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan T. Husband
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise Male
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
| | - Miquel Torrent‐Sucarrat
- Department of Organic Chemistry IUniversidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3Donostia20018Spain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi, 5Bilbao48009Spain
| | - Rachel K. O'Reilly
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
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Yang H, Liu H, Shen Y, Zhang ST, Zhang Q, Song Q, Lv C, Zhang C, Yang B, Ma Y, Zhang Y. Multicolour Fluorescence Based on Excitation-Dependent Electron Transfer Processes in o-Carborane Dyads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115551. [PMID: 34989081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic materials with excitation wavelength-dependent (Ex-de) emission are highly attractive for anticounterfeiting, optoelectronics and bioassay applications; however, the realization of Ex-de fluorescence, independent of aggregation states, remains a challenge. We herein report a photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) strategy to design Ex-de fluorescence materials by manipulating the relaxation pathways of multiple excited states. As expected, the o-carborane dyad presents a clear Ex-de fluorescence colour in the aggregated states, resulting from the tunable relative intensity of the dual-fluorescence spectra. Taking TP[1]B as an example, the amorphous powders emitted bright blue-violet, white and yellow colours under 390 nm, 365 nm and 254 nm UV illumination, respectively. Importantly, multicolour, flexible and transparent films as well as an anticounterfeiting application using this o-carborane dyad are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Yang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, East 2nd Ring Road. No. 759, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, East 2nd Ring Road. No. 759, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Qingbao Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Lv
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, East 2nd Ring Road. No. 759, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, East 2nd Ring Road. No. 759, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
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Yang H, Liu H, Shen Y, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Song Q, Lv C, Zhang C, Yang B, Ma Y, Zhang Y. Multicolour Fluorescence Based on Excitation‐Dependent Electron Transfer Processes in
o
‐Carborane Dyads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Yang
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University East 2nd Ring Road. No. 759 Huzhou 313000 P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road. NO. 18 Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road. NO. 18 Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University East 2nd Ring Road. No. 759 Huzhou 313000 P. R. China
| | - Qingbao Song
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road. NO. 18 Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Lv
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University East 2nd Ring Road. No. 759 Huzhou 313000 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Chaowang Road. NO. 18 Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University East 2nd Ring Road. No. 759 Huzhou 313000 P. R. China
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