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Wang Y, Luo QC, Zheng YZ. Organolanthanide Single-Molecule Magnets with Heterocyclic Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407016. [PMID: 38953597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln) based mononuclear single-molecule magnets (SMMs) provide probably the finest ligand regulation model for magnetic property. Recently, the development of such SMMs has witnessed a fast transition from coordination to organometallic complexes because the latter provides a fertile, yet not fully excavated soil for the development of SMMs. Especially those SMMs with heterocyclic ligands have shown the potential to reach higher blocking temperature. In this minireview, we give an overview of the design principle of SMMs and highlight those "shining stars" of heterocyclic organolanthanide SMMs based on the ring sizes of ligands, analysing how the electronic structures of those ligands and the stiffness of subsequently formed molecules affect the dynamic magnetism of SMMs. Finally, we envisaged the future development of heterocyclic Ln-SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- School of Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Cheng Luo
- School of Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
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2
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Delano F, Benner F, Jang S, Greer SM, Demir S. Construction of intermolecular σ-hole interactions in rare earth metallocene complexes using a 2,3,4,5-tetraiodopyrrolyl anion. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13389-13404. [PMID: 39183902 PMCID: PMC11339973 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation of noncovalent intermolecular interactions represents a powerful method to control molecular vibrations and rotations. Combining these with the axial ligand field enforced by the metallocene ligand scaffold provides a dual-pronged approach in controlling the magnetic-relaxation pathways for dysprosium-based single-molecule magnets (SMMs). Here, we present the first implementation of 2,3,4,5-tetraiodopyrrole (TIPH) in its anionic form [TIP]- as a ligand in three isostructural rare-earth metal complexes Cp*2RE(TIP) (1-RE, RE = Y, Gd, and Dy; Cp* = pentamethylcylopentadienyl), where the TIP ligand binds through the nitrogen and one iodine atom κ2(N,I) to the metal centre. The shallow potential energy surface of the intermolecular σ-hole interaction yields distortions of the interatomic distances at elevated temperatures which were investigated by variable-temperature SCXRD. 1-RE constitute the first crystallographically characterized molecules containing TIP as a ligand for any metal ion, and 1-Dy is the first SMM that employs the TIP ligand. The structural dependence on temperature allowed the mechanism of magnetic relaxation to be explored through ab initio calculations at different temperatures. The electronic influence of the coordinated iodine substituent was probed via magnetometry and cw-EPR spectroscopy on 1-Gd. To further scrutinize the impact of the iodine substituents on the physical properties, a second set of new complexes Cp*2RE(DMP) (2-RE, RE = Y, and Dy) where DMP = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl were synthesized. Here, the DMP ligand binds similarly to the TIP ligand and represents an all-hydrocarbon analogue to 1-RE. 2-Dy constitutes the first SMM bearing a DMP ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Delano
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Florian Benner
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Seoyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Samuel M Greer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
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3
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Chen QW, Ding YS, Zhu XF, Wang BW, Zheng Z. Substituent Positioning Effects on the Magnetic Properties of Sandwich-Type Erbium(III) Complexes with Bis(trimethylsilyl)-Substituted Cyclooctatetraenyl Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9511-9519. [PMID: 38135507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide complexes with judiciously designed ligands have been extensively studied for their potential applications as single-molecule magnets. With the influence of ligands on their magnetic properties generally established, recent research has unearthed certain effects inherent to site differentiation due to the different types and varying numbers of substituents on the same ligand platform. Using two new sandwich-type Er(III) complexes with cyclooctatetraenyl (COT) ligands featuring two differently positioned trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituents, namely, [Li(DME)Er(COT1,5-TMS2)2]n (Er1) and [Na(DME)3][Er(COT1,3-TMS2)2] (Er2) [COT1,3-TMS2 and COT1,5-TMS2 donate 1,3- and 1,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-substituted cyclooctatetraenyl ligands, respectively; DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane], and with reference to previously reported [Li(DME)3][Er(COT1,4-TMS2)2] (A) and [K(DME)2][Er(COT1,4-TMS2)2] (B), any possible substituent position effects have been explored for the first time. The rearrangement of the TMS substituents from the starting COT1,4-TMS2 to COT1,3-TMS2 and COT1,5-TMS2, by way of formal migration of the TMS group, was thermally induced in the case of Er1, while for the formation of Er2, the use of Na+ in the placement of its Li+ and K+ congeners is essential. Both Er1 and Er2 display single-molecule magnetic behaviors with energy barriers of 170(3) and 172(6) K, respectively. Magnetic hysteresis loops, butterfly-shaped for Er1 and wide open for Er2, were observed up to 12 K for Er1 and 13 K for Er2. Studies of magnetic dynamics reveal the different pathways for relaxation of magnetization below 10 K, mainly by the Raman process for Er1 and by quantum tunneling of magnetization for Er2, leading to the order of magnitude difference in magnetic relaxation times and sharply different magnetic hysteresis loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - You-Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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4
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Schwarz N, Krätschmer F, Suryadevara N, Schlittenhardt S, Ruben M, Roesky PW. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of Lanthanide Arsolyl Sandwich Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9520-9526. [PMID: 38241036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
A series of trivalent lanthanide sandwich complexes [(η5-C4R4As)Ln(η8-C8H8)] using three different arsolyl ligands are reported. The complexes were obtained via salt elimination reactions between potassium arsolyl salts and lanthanide precursors [LnI(COT)(THF)2] (Ln = Sm, Dy, Er; COT = η8-C8H8). The resulting compounds exhibit classical sandwich complex structures with one notable exception. Characterization was conducted in both the solid state using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and in solution for the Sm compounds using NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of an Er complex were investigated, revealing distinctive single-molecule-magnet behavior characterized by an energy barrier of Ueff = 323.3 K. Theoretical calculations were employed to support and interpret the experimental findings, with a comparative analysis performed against previously reported complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Schwarz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frederic Krätschmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nithin Suryadevara
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sören Schlittenhardt
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Centre Européen de Science Quantique, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Uhlmann C, Münzfeld L, Hauser A, Ruan TT, Kumar Kuppusamy S, Jin C, Ruben M, Fink K, Moreno-Pineda E, Roesky PW. Unique Double and Triple Decker Arrangements of Rare-Earth 9,10-Diborataanthracene Complexes Featuring Single-Molecule Magnet Characteristics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401372. [PMID: 38390783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present the first report on the synthesis of rare-earth complexes featuring a 9,10-diborataanthracene ligand. This 14-π-electron ligand is highly reductive and was previously used in small-molecule activation. Salt elimination reactions between dipotassium 9,10-diethyl-9,10-diborataanthracene [K2(DEDBA)] and [LnIII(η8-CotTIPS)(BH4)(thf)x] (CotTIPS=1,4-(iPr3Si)2C8H6) in a 1 : 1 ratio yielded heteroleptic sandwich complexes [K(η8-CotTIPS)LnIII(η6-DEDBA)] (Ln=Y, Dy, Er). These compounds form Lewis-base-free one-dimensional coordination polymers when crystallised from toluene. In contrast, reaction of [K2(DEDBA)] and [LnIII(η8-CotTIPS)(BH4)(thf)x] in a 1 : 2 ratio led to the formation of heteroleptic triple-decker complexes [(η8-CotTIPS)LnIII(μ-η6:η6-DEDBA)LnIII(η8-CotTIPS)] (Ln=Y, Dy, Er). Notably, these are not only the first lanthanide triple-decker compounds featuring a six-membered ring as a deck but also the first trivalent lanthanide triple-decker featuring a heterocycle in the coordination sphere. Magnetic investigations reveal that [K(η8-CotTIPS)LnIII(η6-DEDBA)] (Ln=Dy, Er) and [(η8-CotTIPS)ErIII(μ-η6:η6-DEDBA)ErIII(η8-CotTIPS)] exhibit Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) behaviour. In the case of [(η8-CotTIPS)LnIII(μ-η6:η6-DEDBA)LnIII(η8-CotTIPS)] (Ln=Dy, Er), the introduction of a second near lanthanide ion results in strong antiferromagnetic interactions, allowing the enhancement of the magnetic characteristic of the system, compared to the quasi isolated counterpart. This research renews the overlooked coordination chemistry of the DBA ligand and expands it to encompass rare-earth elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Uhlmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe
| | - Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe
| | - Ting-Ting Ruan
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Senthil Kumar Kuppusamy
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Chengyu Jin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Centre Européen de Science Quantique (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS, UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge BP, 70028 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eufemio Moreno-Pineda
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Depto. de Química-Física, Panamá, 0824, Panamá
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Grupo de Investigación de Materiales, Panamá, 0824, Panamá
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe
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6
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De S, Mondal A, Giblin SR, Layfield RA. Bimetallic Synergy Enables Silole Insertion into THF and the Synthesis of Erbium Single-Molecule Magnets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317678. [PMID: 38300223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The potassium silole K2 [SiC4 -2,5-(SiMe3 )2 -3,4-Ph2 ] reacts with [M(η8 -COT)(THF)4 ][BPh4 ] (M=Er, Y; COT=cyclo-octatetraenyl) in THF to give products that feature unprecedented insertion of the nucleophilic silicon centre into a carbon-oxygen bond of THF. The structure of the major product, [(μ-η8 : η8 -COT)M(μ-L1 )K]∞ (1M ), consists of polymeric chains of sandwich complexes, where the spiro-bicyclic silapyran ligand [C4 H8 OSiC4 (SiMe3 )2 Ph2 ]2- (L1 ) coordinates to potassium via the oxygen. The minor product [(μ-η8 : η8 -COT)M(μ-L1 )K(THF)]2 (2M ) features coordination of the silapyran to the rare-earth metal. In forming 1M and 2M , silole insertion into THF only occurs in the presence of potassium and the rare-earth metal, highlighting the importance of bimetallic synergy. The lower nucleophilicity of germanium(II) leads to contrasting reactivity of the potassium germole K2 [GeC4 -2,5-(SiMe3 )2 -3,4-Me2 ] towards [M(η8 -COT)(THF)4 ][BPh4 ], with intact transfer of the germole occurring to give the coordination polymers [{η5 -GeC4 (SiMe3 )2 Me2 }M(η8 -COT)K]∞ (3M ). Despite the differences in reactivity induced by the group 14 heteroatom, the single-molecule magnet properties of 1Er , 2Er and 3Er are similar, with thermally activated relaxation occurring via the first-excited Kramers doublet, subject to effective energy barriers of 122, 80 and 91 cm-1 , respectively. Compound 1Er is also analysed by high-frequency dynamic magnetic susceptibility measurements up to 106 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha De
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, U.K
| | - Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, U.K
| | - Sean R Giblin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, U.K
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7
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Hauser A, Münzfeld L, Uhlmann C, Lebedkin S, Schlittenhardt S, Ruan TT, Kappes MM, Ruben M, Roesky PW. It's not just the size that matters: crystal engineering of lanthanide-based coordination polymers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1338-1347. [PMID: 38274072 PMCID: PMC10806785 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03746k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of Lewis base free coordination polymers of selected lanthanides are presented. For this purpose, the substituted CotTIPS ligand (CotTIPS = 1,4-bis-triisopropylsilyl-cyclo-octatetraendiide) was used to synthesize homoleptic, anionic multidecker compounds of the type [K{LnIII(ɳ8-CotTIPS)2}]n. Depending on the solvent used for crystallization and the ionic radii of the lanthanide cations, three different categories of one-dimensional heterobimetallic coordination polymers were obtained in the solid state. For the early lanthanides La and Ce a unique helical conformation was obtained by crystallization from toluene, while the ionic radius of Pr seems to be a turning point towards the crystallization of zigzag polymers. For Er a third structural motif, a trapezoidal wave polymer was observed. Additionally, the zigzag polymer for all compounds could be obtained by changing the solvent from toluene to Et2O, reavealing a correlation between solid-state structure and ionic radii as well as solvent. While photoluminescence (PL) properties of Cot-lanthanide compounds are scarce, the La complexes show ligand centered green luminescence, whereas the Ce complexes reveal deep red emission origin from d-f transitions. The Er-compounds are single-molecule magnets, in which the magnetic relaxation of each Er ion occurs isolated from its neighbors at temperatures above 10 K, while below 9 K a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the Er ions was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Cedric Uhlmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Sören Schlittenhardt
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ting-Ting Ruan
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Centre Européen de Science Quantique (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS, UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge BP 70028 67083 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Gou X, Wu Y, Wang M, Liu N, Lan W, Zhang YQ, Shi W, Cheng P. The influence of light on the field-induced magnetization dynamics of two Er(III) coordination polymers with different halogen substituents. Dalton Trans 2023; 53:148-152. [PMID: 38018387 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02714g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Photocontrolled magnetic properties are fundamental for the applications of molecular magnets, which have the features of high time and space resolution; however, such magnetic properties are highly challenging to be achieved owing to the weak light-matter interactions. Herein, the influence of in situ light irradiation on the field-induced magnetization dynamics of two Er(III) coordination polymers 1 and 2 with the same coordination skeletons but different halogen substituents was studied. 1 and 2, and their in situ photoexcited products 1a and 2a, display field-induced magnetization dynamics based on Orbach and/or Raman processes. The magnetization dynamics are fine-modulated by the synergetic effect of light irradiation and a ligand substituent, due to the charge re-distribution of the excited states of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Gou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yuewei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wenlong Lan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Pugliese ER, Benner F, Demir S. From an Isolable Bismolyl Anion to an Yttrium-Bismolyl Complex with μ-Bridging Bismuth(I) Centers and Polar Covalent Y-Bi Bonds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302687. [PMID: 37650379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and first structural characterization of the [K(18-crown-6)] bismolyl Bitet (C4 Me4 Bi) contact ion pair (1) is presented. Notably, according to Natural Resonance Theory calculations, the Bitet anion of 1 features two types of leading mesomeric structures with localized anionic charge and two lone pairs of electrons at the BiI center, as well as delocalized anionic charge in the π-conjugated C4 Bi ring. The lone pairs at Bi enable a unique bridging coordination mode of the bismolyl ligand, as shown for the first rare earth metal bismolyl complex (Cptet 2 Y)2 (μ-η1 -Bitet )2 (2). The latter results from the salt metathesis reaction of KBitet with Cptet 2 Y(BPh4 ) (Cptet =C5 Me4 H). The Y-Bi bonding interaction in 2 of 16.6 % covalency at yttrium is remarkably large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Benner
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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10
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Delano F, Benner F, Jang S, Demir S. Pyrrolyl-Bridged Metallocene Complexes: From Synthesis, Electronic Structure, to Single-Molecule Magnetism. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14604-14614. [PMID: 37638984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The π- and σ-basicity of the pyrrolyl ligand affords several coordination modes. A sterically encumbering coordination sphere around metal centers may foster new coordination modes for the pyrrolyl ligand. Here, we present three dinuclear rare earth complexes [Cp*2RE(μ-pyr)]2, [RE = Y (1), La (2), Dy (3); Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, pyr = pyrrolyl], which were synthesized through a protonolysis reaction between allyl complexes and H-pyrrole. Each metal is ligated by two Cp* ligands and the N atom of the pyrrolyl ring while interacting with the π-system of the other pyrrolyl ligand, yielding an unprecedented coordination mode for pyrrolyl best described as [((η5-Cp*)2RE)2(μ-1η2-pyr-2κN)(μ-2η2-pyr-1κN)]. The steric congestion implemented by the Cp* ligands forces this asymmetric coordination of the pyrrolyl ligand. 1-3 were characterized by crystallography, electrochemistry, and spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations on 1 uncovered the bonding situation between the pyrrolyl ligand and the yttrium(III) ion. Excitingly, 3 displays slow magnetic relaxation under zero dc field with Ueff = 98.9(7) cm-1 and τo = 6.7(1) × 10-8 s, placing it among coveted dinuclear metallocene single-molecule magnets. CASSCF calculations provided the energy of the crystal field states of DyIII and confirmed the barrier height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Delano
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Florian Benner
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Seoyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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11
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De S, Mondal A, Ruan Z, Tong M, Layfield RA. Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Germole-ligated Lanthanide Sandwich Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300567. [PMID: 37017588 PMCID: PMC10947301 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The first germole-ligated single-molecule magnets are reported, with contrasting properties found for the near-linear sandwich complexes [(η8 -COT)Ln(η5 -CpGe ]- , where Ln=Dy (1Dy ) or Er (1Er ), COT is cyclo-octatetraenyl and CpGe is [GeC4 -2,5-(SiMe3 )2 -3,4-Me2 ]2- . Whereas 1Er has an energy barrier of 120(1) cm-1 in zero applied field and open hysteresis loops up to 10 K, the relaxation in 1Dy is characterized by quantum tunneling within the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha De
- Department of Chemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN1 9QRUK
| | - Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN1 9QRUK
| | - Ze‐Yu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of ChemistrySun-Yat Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of ChemistrySun-Yat Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Richard A. Layfield
- Department of Chemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN1 9QRUK
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12
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Hauser A, Münzfeld L, Schlittenhardt S, Köppe R, Uhlmann C, Rauska UC, Ruben M, Roesky PW. Molecular cyclo-P 3 complexes of the rare-earth elements via a one-pot reaction and selective reduction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2149-2158. [PMID: 36845933 PMCID: PMC9945584 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of new organo-lanthanide polyphosphides with an aromatic cyclo-[P4]2- moiety and a cyclo-[P3]3- moiety is presented. For this purpose, the divalent LnII-complexes [(NON)LnII(thf)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) ((NON)2- = 4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl-amino)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene) and trivalent LnIII-complexes [(NON)LnIIIBH4(thf)2] (Ln = Y, Sm, Dy) were used as precursors in the reduction process of white phosphorus. While using [(NON)LnII(thf)2] as a one-electron reducing agent the formation of organo-lanthanide polyphosphides with a cyclo-[P4]2- Zintl anion was observed. For comparison, we investigated a multi-electron reduction of P4 by a one-pot reaction of [(NON)LnIIIBH4(thf)2] with elemental potassium. As products molecular polyphosphides with a cyclo-[P3]3- moiety were isolated. The same compound could also be obtained by reducing the cyclo-[P4]2- Zintl anion within the coordination sphere of SmIII in [{(NON)SmIII(thf)2}2(μ-η4:η4-P4)]. Reduction of a polyphosphide within the coordination sphere of a lanthanide complex is unprecedented. Additionally, the magnetic properties of the dinuclear DyIII-compound bearing a bridging cyclo-[P3]3- moiety were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sören Schlittenhardt
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1D-76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Cedric Uhlmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ulf-Christian Rauska
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1D-76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany,Centre Européen de Science Quantique (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS, UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg8 allée Gaspard Monge BP 7002867083 Strasbourg CedexFrance,Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 15D-76131 KarlsruheGermany
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13
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Fang W, Zhu Q, Zhu C. Recent advances in heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds: synthesis, reactivity and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8434-8449. [PMID: 36164971 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the heterometallic synergistic effects from different metals, heterometallic clusters are of great importance in small-molecule activation and catalysis. For example, both biological nitrogen fixation and photosynthetic splitting of water into oxygen are thought to involve multimetallic catalytic sites with d-block transition metals. Benefitting from the larger coordination numbers of f-block metals (rare-earth metals and actinide elements), heterometallic clusters containing f-block metal-metal bonds have long attracted the interest of both experimental and theoretical chemists. Therefore, a series of effective strategies or platforms have been developed in recent years for the construction of heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds. More importantly, synergistic effects between f-block metals and transition metals have been observed in small-molecule activation and catalysis. This tutorial review highlights the recent advances in the construction of heterometallic molecular clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also their reactivities and applications. It is hoped that this tutorial review will persuade chemists to develop more efficient strategies to construct clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also further expand their applications with heterometallic synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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14
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Gebrezgiabher M, Schlittenhardt S, Rajnák C, Kuchár J, Sergawie A, Černák J, Ruben M, Thomas M, Boča R. Triangulo-{Er III 3} complex showing field supported slow magnetic relaxation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21674-21680. [PMID: 35975040 PMCID: PMC9350813 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The triangulo-{Er3} complex [Er3Cl(o-van)3(OH)2(H2O)5]Cl3·nH2O (n = 9.4; H(o-van) = o-vanillin) (1) was generated by an in situ method. The isolated Er(iii) complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis and molecular spectroscopy. The results of single crystal X-ray diffraction studies have shown that 1 is built up of trinuclear [Er3Cl(o-van)3(OH)2(H2O)5]3+ complex cations, chloride anions and water solvate molecules. Within the complex cation the three Er(iii) central atoms are placed at the apexes of a triangle which are bridged by three (o-van)- ligands with additional chelating functions and two μ3-OH- ligands. Additionally five aqua and one chlorido ligands complete the octa-coordination of the three Er(iii) atoms. AC susceptibility measurements reveal that the compound exhibits slow magnetic relaxation with two relaxation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamo Gebrezgiabher
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Nanotechnology Excellence Center, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417 Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril and Methodius 91701 Trnava Slovakia
| | - Sören Schlittenhardt
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Cyril Rajnák
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril and Methodius 91701 Trnava Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kuchár
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice 041 80 Košice Slovakia
| | - Assefa Sergawie
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Nanotechnology Excellence Center, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417 Ethiopia
| | - Juraj Černák
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice 041 80 Košice Slovakia
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT, ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Centre Européen de Science Quantique (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS, UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge BP 70028 67083 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Madhu Thomas
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Nanotechnology Excellence Center, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417 Ethiopia
| | - Roman Boča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril and Methodius 91701 Trnava Slovakia
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15
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Sun X, Münzfeld L, Jin D, Hauser A, Roesky PW. Silole and germole complexes of lanthanum and cerium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7976-7979. [PMID: 35758854 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02810g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using dianionic metallole ligands (silole or germole) and the cyclooctatetraendiide dianion, heteroleptic lanthanide multi-decker complexes have been prepared. Due to the heteroatom of the metallole ligands intermolecular bridging between the sandwich complexes takes place. Our work highlights that different combinations of the lanthanide and heterocycle lead to different intermolecular interactions including a dimeric La-silole sandwich complex, a La-germole ladder-type polymeric species and a Ce-germole coordination polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Da Jin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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16
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An intermetallic molecular nanomagnet with the lanthanide coordinated only by transition metals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2014. [PMID: 35440596 PMCID: PMC9018761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic molecules known as molecular nanomagnets (MNMs) may be the key to ultra-high density data storage. Thus, novel strategies on how to design MNMs are desirable. Here, inspired by the hexagonal structure of the hardest intermetallic magnet SmCo5, we have synthesized a nanomagnetic molecule where the central lanthanide (Ln) ErIII is coordinated solely by three transition metal ions (TM) in a perfectly trigonal planar fashion. This intermetallic molecule [ErIII(ReICp2)3] (ErRe3) starts a family of molecular nanomagnets (MNM) with unsupported Ln-TM bonds and paves the way towards molecular intermetallics with strong direct magnetic exchange interactions-a promising route towards high-performance single-molecule magnets.
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17
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Korzyński MD, Bernhardt M, Romankov V, Dreiser J, Matmon G, Pointillart F, Le Guennic B, Cador O, Copéret C. Cyclooctatetraenide-based single-ion magnets featuring bulky cyclopentadienyl ligand. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10574-10580. [PMID: 36277624 PMCID: PMC9473503 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02560d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a family of organometallic rare-earth complexes with the general formula (COT)M(Cpttt) (where (COT)2− = cyclooctatetraenide, (Cpttt)− = 1,2,4-tri(tert-butyl)cyclopentadienide, M = Y(iii), Nd(iii), Dy(iii) and Er(iii)). Similarly to the prototypical Er(iii) analog featuring pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand (Cp*)−, (COT)Er(Cpttt) behaves as a single-ion magnet. However, the introduction of the sterically demanding (Cpttt)− imposes geometric constraints that lead to a simplified magnetic relaxation behavior compared to the (Cp*)− containing complexes. Consequently, (COT)Er(Cpttt) can be viewed as a model representative of this organometallic single-ion magnet architecture. In addition, we demonstrate that the increased steric profile associated with the (Cpttt)− ligand permits preparation, structural characterization and interrogation of magnetic properties of the early-lanthanide complex, (COT)Nd(Cpttt). Such a mononuclear derivative could not be obtained when a (Cp*)− ligand was employed, a testament to larger ionic radius of this early lanthanide ion. Application of steric control principles allows for simplification of the magnetic behavior of an iconic single-ion magnet architecture as well as the preparation of its previously inaccessible representative.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Damian Korzyński
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Bernhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vladyslav Romankov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Guy Matmon
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Pointillart
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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