1
|
Wedal JC, Moore WNG, Lukens WW, Evans WJ. Perplexing EPR Signals from 5f 36d 1 U(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2945-2953. [PMID: 38279200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal complexes with unpaired electrons in orbitals of different angular momentum quantum numbers (e.g., f and d orbitals) are unusual and opportunities to study the interactions among these electrons are rare. X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data were collected at <10 and 77 K on 10 U(II) complexes with 5f36d1 electron configurations and on some analogous Ce(II), Pr(II), and Nd(II) complexes with 4fn5d1 electron configurations. The U(II) compounds unexpectedly display similar two-line axial signals with g|| = 2.04 and g⊥ = 2.00 at 77 K. In contrast, U(II) complexes with 5f4 configurations are EPR-silent. Unlike U(II), the congenic 4f35d1 Nd(II) complex is EPR-silent. The Ce(II) complex with a 4f15d1 configuration is also EPR-silent, but a signal is observed for the Pr(II) complex, which has a 4f25d1 configuration. Whether or not an EPR signal is expected for these complexes depends on the coupling between f and d electrons. Since the coupling in U(II) systems is expected to be sufficiently strong to preclude an EPR signal from compounds with a 5f36d1 configuration, the results are viewed as unexplained phenomena. However, they do show that 5f36d1 U(II) samples can be differentiated from 5f4 U(II) complexes by EPR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - William N G Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bai Z, Scheibe B, Sperling JM, Beck NB, Brannon JP, Gomez Martinez D, Rotermund BM, Albrecht-Schönzart TE. Transformation of Mononuclear Plutonium(III) Tetrazolate Complexes into Dinuclear Complexes in the Solid State. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1266-1273. [PMID: 38165641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The salt metathesis reaction of Na(pmtz)·H2O [pmtz- = 5-(pyrimidyl)tetrazolate] and PuBr3·nH2O in an aqueous media leads to the formation of the mononuclear compound [Pu(pmtz)3(H2O)3]·(3 + n) H2O (Pu1, n = ∼8) that is isotypic with the lanthanide compounds [Ln(pmtz)3(H2O)3]·(3 + n) H2O (Ln = Ce-Nd). Dissolution and recrystallization of Pu1 in water yields the dinuclear compound {[Pu(pmtz)2(H2O)3]2(μ-pmtz)}2(pmtz)2·14H2O (Pu2), which is isotypic with the lanthanide compounds {[Ln(pmtz)2(H2O)3]2(μ-pmtz)}2(pmtz)2·14H2O (Ln = Nd and Sm). Like their nine-coordinate ionic radii, the M-O and M-N bond lengths in Pu1/Pu2 and Nd1/Nd2, respectively, are within error of one another. The Laporte-forbidden 4f → 4f and 5f → 5f transitions are also assigned in the UV-vis-NIR spectra for these f-element tetrazolate coordination compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanling Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Benjamin Scheibe
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nicholas B Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jacob P Brannon
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Daniela Gomez Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Brian M Rotermund
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takeyama T, Tsushima S, Gericke R, Kaden P, März J, Takao K. Fate of Oxidation States at Actinide Centers in Redox-Active Ligand Systems Governed by Energy Levels of 5 f Orbitals. Chemistry 2023:e202302702. [PMID: 37671842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of a NpIV complex from the complexation of NpVI O2 2+ with the redox-active ligand tBu-pdiop2- =2,6-bis[N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)iminomethyl]pyridine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the direct complexation-induced chemical reduction of NpVI O2 2+ to NpIV . In contrast, the complexation of UVI O2 2+ with tBu-pdiop2- did not induce the reduction of UVI O2 2+ , not even after the two-electron electrochemical reduction of [UVI O2 (tBu-pdiop)]. This contrast between the Np and U systems may be ascribed to the decrease of the energy of the 5 f orbitals in Np compared to those in U. The present findings indicate that the redox chemistry between UVI O2 2+ and NpVI O2 2+ should be clearly differentiated in redox-active ligand systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Takeyama
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 N1-32, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1, Daigakudori, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsushima
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Gericke
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Kaden
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane März
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Koichiro Takao
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 N1-32, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Otte KS, Niklas JE, Studvick CM, Boggiano AC, Bacsa J, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. Divergent Stabilities of Tetravalent Cerium, Uranium, and Neptunium Imidophosphorane Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306580. [PMID: 37327070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of the redox chemistry of mid-actinides (U-Pu) has historically relied on cerium as a model, due to the accessibility of trivalent and tetravalent oxidation states for these ions. Recently, dramatic shifts of lanthanide 4+/3+ non-aqueous redox couples have been established within a homoleptic imidophosphorane ligand framework. Herein we extend the chemistry of the imidophosphorane ligand (NPC=[N=Pt Bu(pyrr)2 ]- ; pyrr=pyrrolidinyl) to tetrahomoleptic NPC complexes of neptunium and cerium (1-M, 2-M, M=Np, Ce) and present comparative structural, electrochemical, and theoretical studies of these complexes. Large cathodic shifts in the M4+/3+ (M=Ce, U, Np) couples underpin the stabilization of higher metal oxidation states owing to the strongly donating nature of the NPC ligands, providing access to the U5+/4+ , U6+/5+ , and to an unprecedented, well-behaved Np5+/4+ redox couple. The differences in the chemical redox properties of the U vs. Ce and Np complexes are rationalized based on their redox potentials, degree of structural rearrangement upon reduction/oxidation, relative molecular orbital energies, and orbital composition analyses employing density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn S Otte
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Julie E Niklas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Chad M Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
| | - Andrew C Boggiano
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Murillo J, Goodwin CAP, Stevens L, Fortier S, Gaunt AJ, Scott BL. Synthesis and comparison of iso-structural f-block metal complexes (Ce, U, Np, Pu) featuring η6-arene interactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7438-7446. [PMID: 37449075 PMCID: PMC10337748 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02194g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reaction of the terphenyl bis(anilide) ligand [{K(DME)2}2LAr] (LAr = {C6H4[(2,6-iPr2C6H3)NC6H4]2}2-) with trivalent chloride "MCl3" salts (M = Ce, U, Np) yields two distinct products; neutral LArM(Cl)(THF) (1M) (M = Np, Ce), and the "-ate" complexes [K(DME)2][(LAr)Np(Cl)2] (2Np) or ([LArM(Cl)2(μ-K(X)2)])∞ (2Ce, 2U) (M = Ce, U) (X = DME or Et2O) (2M). Alternatively, analogous reactions with the iodide [MI3(THF)4] salts provide access to the neutral compounds LArM(I)(THF) (3M) (M = Ce, U, Np, Pu). All complexes exhibit close arene contacts suggestive of η6-interactions with the central arene ring of the terphenyl backbone, with 3M comprising the first structurally characterized Pu η6-arene moiety. Notably, the metal-arene bond metrics diverge from the predicted trends of metal-carbon interactions based on ionic radii, with the uranium complexes exhibiting the shortest M-Ccentroid distance in all cases. Overall, the data presents a systematic study of f-element M-η6-arene complexes across the early actinides U, Np, Pu, and comparison to cerium congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Murillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas 79968 USA
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Lauren Stevens
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin P, Xu C, Kaplan DI, Yeager CM, Xing W, Nichols R, Santschi PH. Presence of aromatic-rich organic matter and its characterization in grout materials: Implications for radionuclide immobilization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 263:107183. [PMID: 37094504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Grout materials are commonly used to immobilize low-level radioactive waste. Organic moieties can be unintentionally present in common ingredients used to make these grout waste forms, which may result in the formation of organo-radionuclide species. These species can positively or negatively affect the immobilization efficiency. However, the presence of organic carbon compounds is rarely considered in models or characterized chemically. Here, we quantify the organic pool of grout formulations with and without slag, as well as the individual dry ingredients used to make the grout samples (ordinary Portland cement (OPC), slag and fly ash), including total organic carbon (TOC) and black carbon, followed by aromaticity evaluation and molecular characterization via Electro Spray Ionization Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (ESI-FTICRMS). All dry grout ingredients contained significant amounts of organic carbon, ranging from 550 mg/kg to 6250 mg/kg for the TOC pool, with an averaged abundance of 2933 ± 2537 mg/kg, of which 60 ± 29% was composed of black carbon. The significant abundance of a black carbon pool implies the presence of the aromatic-like compounds, which was further identified by both phosphate buffer-assisted aromaticity evaluation (e.g., >1000 mg-C/kg as aromatic-like carbon in the OPC) and dichloromethane (DCM) extraction with ESI-FTICRMS analysis. Besides aromatic-like compounds, other organic moieties were also detected in the OPC, such as carboxyl-containing aliphatic molecules. While the organic compound only consists of minor fractions of the grout materials investigated, our observations of the presence of various radionuclide-binding organic moieties suggests the potential formation of organo-radionuclides, such as radioiodine, which might be present at lower molar concentrations than TOC. Evaluating the role of organic carbon complexation in controlling the disposed radionuclides, especially for those radionuclides with strong association with organic carbon, has important implications for the long-term immobilization of radioactive waste in grout systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA; Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A & M University Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA.
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A & M University Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Daniel I Kaplan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - Chris M Yeager
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Wei Xing
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA; Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A & M University Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Ralph Nichols
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29808, USA
| | - Peter H Santschi
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A & M University Galveston Campus, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Augustine LJ, Kasper JM, Forbes TZ, Mason SE, Batista ER, Yang P. Influencing Bonding Interactions of the Neptunyl (V, VI) Cations with Electron-Donating and -Withdrawing Groups. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6055-6064. [PMID: 37000037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Neptunium makes up the largest percentage of minor actinides found in spent nuclear fuel, yet separations of this element have proven difficult due to its rich redox chemistry. Developing new reprocessing techniques should rely on understanding how to control the Np oxidation state and its interactions with different ligands. Designing new ligands for separations requires understanding how to properly tune a system toward a desired trait through functionalization. Emerging technologies for minor actinide separations focus on ligands containing carboxylate or pyridine functional groups, which are desirable due to their high degree of functionalization. Here, we use DFT calculations to study the interactions of carboxylate and polypyridine ligands with the neptunyl cation [Np(V/VI)O2]+/2+. A systematic study is performed by varying the electronic properties of the carboxylate and polypyridine ligands through the inclusion of different electron-withdrawing and electron-donating R groups. We focus on how these groups can affect geometric properties, electronic structure, and bonding characterization as a function of the metal oxidation state and ligand character and discuss how these factors can play a role in neptunium ligand design principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Logan J Augustine
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, United States
| | - Joseph M Kasper
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, United States
| | - Sara E Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52245, United States
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang H, Liu Z, He L, Chai Z, Wang D. The Speciation of Americium Cations in Neat Water Implicated from DFT Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13858-13867. [PMID: 35984920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent observed manipulatable redox potential of trivalent americium ion in the aqueous phase by modifying an electrode offers an alternative to accomplish the separation. In order to understand extensively the speciation of Am, which is the prerequisite to understanding the mechanism of the oxidation of Am, we conducted a density functional study to identify the potential species of Am in its tri-, tetra-, and pentavalent states in aqueous phase. Based on the speciation analysis, the calculations implicate a stepwise mechanism for the oxidation of hydrated Am(III), which predominantly exists in its hydrated monatomic cationic form (Am3+(aq)). The two sequential one-electron oxidation processes first produce AmO2+(aq), which may establish an equilibrium with Am4+(aq), and the AmO2+(aq) may then evolve to the dioxo americyl(V) ion. These results suggest the copresence of Am4+(aq) and AmO2+(aq), which builds a bridge for the conversion of americium ion from a monatomic ion to dioxo americyl(V).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Berseneva AA, Klepov VV, Pal K, Seeley K, Koury D, Schaeperkoetter J, Wright JT, Misture ST, Kanatzidis MG, Wolverton C, Gelis AV, Zur Loye HC. Transuranium Sulfide via the Boron Chalcogen Mixture Method and Reversible Water Uptake in the NaCu TS 3 Family. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13773-13786. [PMID: 35861788 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of 5f electrons in soft ligand environments makes actinides, and especially transuranium chalcogenides, an intriguing class of materials for fundamental studies. Due to the affinity of actinides for oxygen, however, it is a challenge to synthesize actinide chalcogenides using non-metallic reagents. Using the boron chalcogen mixture method, we achieved the synthesis of the transuranium sulfide NaCuNpS3 starting from the oxide reagent, NpO2. Via the same synthetic route, the isostructural composition of NaCuUS3 was synthesized and the material contrasted with NaCuNpS3. Single crystals of the U-analogue, NaCuUS3, were found to undergo an unexpected reversible hydration process to form NaCuUS3·xH2O (x ≈ 1.5). A large combination of techniques was used to fully characterize the structure, hydration process, and electronic structures, specifically a combination of single crystal, powder, high temperature powder X-ray diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, infrared, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, and density functional theory calculations. The outcome of these analyses enabled us to determine the composition of NaCuUS3·xH2O and obtain a structural model that demonstrated the retention of the local structure within the [CuUS3]- layers throughout the hydration-dehydration process. Band structure, density of states, and Bader charge calculations for NaCuUS3, NaCuUS3·xH2O, and NaCuNpS3 along with X-ray absorption near edge structure, UV-vis-NIR, and work function measurements on ACuUS3 (A = Na, K, and Rb) and NaCuUS3·xH2O samples were carried out to demonstrate that electronic properties arise from the [CuTS3]- layers and show surprisingly little dependence on the interlayer distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Berseneva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Vladislav V Klepov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Koushik Pal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kelly Seeley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Radiochemistry Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Daniel Koury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Radiochemistry Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Joseph Schaeperkoetter
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, New York 14802, United States
| | - Joshua T Wright
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Scott T Misture
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, New York 14802, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Artem V Gelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Radiochemistry Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Hans-Conrad Zur Loye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goodwin CAP, Wooles AJ, Murillo J, Lu E, Boronski JT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ, Liddle ST. Carbene Complexes of Neptunium. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9764-9774. [PMID: 35609882 PMCID: PMC9490846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Since the advent
of organotransuranium chemistry six decades ago,
structurally verified complexes remain restricted to π-bonded
carbocycle and σ-bonded hydrocarbyl derivatives. Thus, transuranium-carbon
multiple or dative bonds are yet to be reported. Here, utilizing diphosphoniomethanide
precursors we report the synthesis and characterization of transuranium-carbene
derivatives, namely, diphosphonio-alkylidene- and N-heterocyclic carbene–neptunium(III) complexes that exhibit
polarized-covalent σ2π2 multiple
and dative σ2 single transuranium-carbon bond interactions,
respectively. The reaction of [NpIIII3(THF)4] with [Rb(BIPMTMSH)] (BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}1–) affords
[(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(THF)] (3Np) in situ, and subsequent treatment with the N-heterocyclic carbene {C(NMeCMe)2} (IMe4) allows
isolation of [(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(IMe4)] (4Np). Separate treatment of in situ
prepared 3Np with benzyl potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane
(DME) affords [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(DME)] (5Np, BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2–). Analogously, addition of benzyl
potassium and IMe4 to 4Np gives [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(IMe4)2] (6Np). The synthesis of 3Np–6Np was facilitated by adopting a scaled-down prechoreographed approach
using cerium synthetic surrogates. The thorium(III) and uranium(III)
analogues of these neptunium(III) complexes are currently unavailable,
meaning that the synthesis of 4Np–6Np provides an example of experimental grounding of 5f- vs 5f- and
5f- vs 4f-element bonding and reactivity comparisons being led by
nonaqueous transuranium chemistry rather than thorium and uranium
congeners. Computational analysis suggests that these NpIII=C bonds are more covalent than UIII=C,
CeIII=C, and PmIII=C congeners
but comparable to analogous UIV=C bonds in terms
of bond orders and total metal contributions to the M=C bonds.
A preliminary assessment of NpIII=C reactivity has
introduced multiple bond metathesis to transuranium chemistry, extending
the range of known metallo-Wittig reactions to encompass actinide
oxidation states III-VI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Erli Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|