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Zhao Y, Huang X, Si Y, Zheng L, Chen H, Zhao J, Luo F, Zhang J, Chen P, Peng X. Additive-Assisted Forming High-Quality Thin Films of Sn-Oxo Cluster for Nanopatterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39047062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Recently, metal-oxo clusters (MOCs) have attracted significant interest in fabricating nanoscale patterns in semiconductors via lithography. However, many MOCs are highly crystalline, making it difficult for them to form films and hindering subsequent nanopatterning processes. In this study, we developed a novel and simple method to enhance the film-forming ability of aromatic tetranuclear Sn-oxo clusters by adding additives. Theoretical calculations and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the Sn-oxo clusters and additives, which induced a crystal-gel phase transition at -20 °C, thereby inhibiting the easy crystallization of the Sn-oxo clusters. High-quality and uniform thin films with surface roughness below 0.3 nm were prepared via spin coating. The obtained thin films exhibited good lithographic performance under deep ultraviolet (DUV), electron beam, and extreme-ultraviolet irradiation without a photo acid generator/photoinitiator, and 13- and 21 nm-wide line patterns were obtained on the films via electron-beam and extreme-ultraviolet lithographies. This study will pave the way for the further investigation of novel MOCs for advanced lithography and other thin-film applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Youming Si
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Pengzhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Zhang R, Lan J, Wang F, Chen S, Zhang J. Aggregate assembly of ferrocene functionalized indium-oxo clusters. Chem Sci 2024; 15:726-735. [PMID: 38179516 PMCID: PMC10762979 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05824g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized multi-nuclear indium oxide clusters (InOCs) using 1,1'-ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (H2FcDCA) as the chelating and surface protection ligand. The obtained clusters include the cubane-type heptanuclear InOCs ([In7]) and the sandwich-type thirteen-nuclear InOCs ([In13]). Notably, [In13] represents the highest nuclear number reported within the InOC family. In addition, the presence of labile coordination sites in these clusters allowed for structural modification and self-assembly. A series of [In7] clusters with adjustable band gaps have been obtained and the self-assembly of [In7] clusters resulted in the formation of an Fe-doped dimer, [Fe2In12], and an imidazole-bridged tetramer, [In28]. Similarly, in the case of [In13] clusters, the coordinated water molecules could be replaced by imidazole, methylimidazole, and even a bridged carboxylic acid, allowing the construction of one-dimensional extended structures. Additionally, part of the H2FcDCA could be substituted by pyrazole. This flexibility in replacing solvent molecules offered diverse possibilities for tailoring the properties and structures of the InOCs to suit specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Yuan J, Chen J, Zeng Y, Yu T, Guo X, Wang S, Yang G, Li Y. A Single-Component Molecular Glass Resist Based on Tetraphenylsilane Derivatives for Electron Beam Lithography. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12173-12182. [PMID: 37033792 PMCID: PMC10077460 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel molecular glass (TPSiS) with photoacid generator (sulfonium salt group) binding to tetraphenylsilane derivatives was synthesized and characterized. The physical properties such as solubility, film-forming ability, and thermal stability of TPSiS were examined to assess the suitability for application as a candidate for photoresist materials. The sulfonium salt unit underwent photolysis to effectively generate photoacid on UV irradiation, which catalyzed the deprotection of the t-butyloxycarbonyl groups. It demonstrates that the TPSiS can be used as a 'single-component' molecular resist without any additives. The lithographic performance of the TPSiS resist was evaluated by electron beam lithography. The TPSiS resist can resolve 25 nm dense line/space patterns and 16 nm L/4S semidense line/space patterns at a dose of 45 and 85 μC/cm2 for negative-tone development (NTD). The etching selectivity of the TPSiS resist to Si substrate is 8.6 under SF6/O2 plasma, indicating a potential application. Contrast analysis suggests that the significant solubility switch within a narrow exposure dose range (18-47 μC/cm2) by NTD is favorable for high-resolution patterns. This study supplies useful guidelines for the optimization and development of single-component molecular glass resists with high lithographic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yake Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jundi Yuan
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianjun Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang L, Fan X, Yi X, Lin X, Zhang J. Coordination-Delayed-Hydrolysis Method for the Synthesis and Structural Modulation of Titanium-Oxo Clusters. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3150-3161. [PMID: 36223528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusAtomically precise titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs) are the structure and reactivity model compounds of technically important TiO2 materials, which could help build structure-property relationships and achieve property modulation at the molecular level. However, the traditional formation of TOCs has relied on the poorly controllable hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide in the solvent for a long time, limiting the development of TOC structural chemistry to a great extent. In addition, easily hydrolyzable alkoxy groups would be still coordinated on the surface of the TOCs generated by this method, making the clusters sensitive and unstable to the moisture. To achieve controllable preparation of TOCs, we believe it is crucial to attenuate the hydrolysis of titanium ions in the formation process of a cluster. To this end, we have recently applied an effective coordination-delayed-hydrolysis (CDH) strategy for TOC synthesis, which provides powerful tools for tuning their structures.In this Account, at the beginning, a brief introduction to the coordination-delayed-hydrolysis strategy is supplied, and its predominant features for constructing novel TOCs are highlighted. In subsequent sections, we discuss how the applied chelating organic/inorganic ligands (named hydrolysis delayed ligands) influence the hydrolysis process of Ti4+ ions to form a large family of TOCs with various nuclearities and core structures. Various hydrolysis delayed ligands have been explored, ranging from common O-donor ligands (carboxylate, phenol, or sulfate) to rarely used N-donor ligands (pyrazole) or bifunctional O/N-donor ones (quinoline, oxime, or alkanolamine). Breakthroughs in the symmetry, configuration, and cluster nuclei of TOCs have been accordingly achieved. Then, we show that this CDH method can be used to tune the surface structure of TOCs by modifying functional organic ligands. As a result, the physicochemical properties of TOCs, especially optical band gaps, can be optimized, and their stability under ambient conditions is significantly improved. In addition, we illustrate that the reversible bonds between hydrolysis delayed ligands and Ti ions further allows us to introduce active heterometal ions or clusters upon or inside the Ti-O cores to prepare heterometallic TOCs with unprecedented structures and properties. In particular, noble metal (Ag ions or clusters) has been incorporated into Ti-O clusters for the first time. As a summary, the coordination-delayed-hydrolysis strategy has realized the controllable hydrolysis of Ti4+ ions to some extent, breaking through the limitations of traditional synthesis methods and producing fruitful results in the field of titanium-oxo clusters. It is believed that this CDH method would also be effective for synthesizing oxo clusters of other easily hydrolyzed metal ions (Al3+, Sn4+, In3+, etc.) to afford significant contribution for the cluster community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Herrera S, Rivero KI, Guzmán A, Cedeño J, Miksovska J, Raptis RG. Mononuclear, hexanuclear and polymeric indium(III) pyrazolido complexes; structural characterization, dynamic solution studies and luminescent properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14277-14286. [PMID: 36069270 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of six mononuclear indium(III) complexes of formula mer-[InIIICl3(pz*H)3]-pz*H = pyrazole (pzH), or substituted pyrazoles: 4-Cl-pzH, 4-Br-pzH, 4-I-pzH, 4-Ph-pzH and 3,5-Me2-pzH-were synthesized by addition reactions of InCl3 and pz*H and crystallographically characterized. The fluxional behaviour of the complexes, probed by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy in the 328 K to 173 K range, was attributed to (at least) four simultaneous processes: pyrazole N-H proton dissociation/association, cis/trans-pyrazole exchange, and N1/N2 tautomerization of the cis- and of the trans-pyrazoles. Three novel trianionic hexanuclear complexes of general formula (pipH)3[In6Cl6(μ3-OH0.5)2(μ-OH)6(μ-pz*)6]-pz* = pz, 4-Cl-pz and 4-Ph-pz-showing μ-hydroxo and μ-oxo bridges were synthesized from the corresponding mer-[InIIICl3(pz*H)3] and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and 1H NMR. Under different solvent conditions, multicolour emitting polymeric complexes of general formula [In(μ-pz*)3]n-pz* = pz, 4-Cl-pz, 4-I-pz and 4-Ph-pz-were obtained also from mer-[InIIICl3(pz*H)3] after addition of a base. Luminescence and lifetime calculations were performed for all polymers formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Herrera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Kennett I Rivero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PR 00984, USA
| | - Alexis Guzmán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PR 00984, USA
| | - Jonathan Cedeño
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Jaroslava Miksovska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Raphael G Raptis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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