1
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Chen LX, Yano J. Deciphering Photoinduced Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms in Natural and Artificial Photosynthetic Systems on Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales Using X-ray Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5421-5469. [PMID: 38663009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of renewable energies for catalytically generating value-added chemicals is highly desirable in this era of rising energy demands and climate change impacts. Artificial photosynthetic systems or photocatalysts utilize light to convert abundant CO2, H2O, and O2 to fuels, such as carbohydrates and hydrogen, thus converting light energy to storable chemical resources. The emergence of intense X-ray pulses from synchrotrons, ultrafast X-ray pulses from X-ray free electron lasers, and table-top laser-driven sources over the past decades opens new frontiers in deciphering photoinduced catalytic reaction mechanisms on the multiple temporal and spatial scales. Operando X-ray spectroscopic methods offer a new set of electronic transitions in probing the oxidation states, coordinating geometry, and spin states of the metal catalytic center and photosensitizers with unprecedented energy and time resolution. Operando X-ray scattering methods enable previously elusive reaction steps to be characterized on different length scales and time scales. The methodological progress and their application examples collected in this review will offer a glimpse into the accomplishments and current state in deciphering reaction mechanisms for both natural and synthetic systems. Looking forward, there are still many challenges and opportunities at the frontier of catalytic research that will require further advancement of the characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin X Chen
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Bergmann U. Stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y. [PMID: 38619702 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We describe an emerging hard X-ray spectroscopy technique, stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy (S-XES). S-XES has the potential to characterize the electronic structure of 3d transition metal complexes with spectral information currently not reachable and might lead to the development of new ultrafast X-ray sources with properties beyond the state of the art. S-XES has become possible with the emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) that provide intense femtosecond X-ray pulses that can be employed to generate a population inversion of core-hole excited states resulting in stimulated X-ray emission. We describe the instrumentation, the various types of S-XES, the potential applications, the experimental challenges, and the feasibility of applying S-XES to characterize dilute systems, including the Mn4Ca cluster in the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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3
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Phelan BT, Xie ZL, Liu X, Li X, Mulfort KL, Chen LX. Photodriven electron-transfer dynamics in a series of heteroleptic Cu(I)-anthraquinone dyads. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144905. [PMID: 38619061 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar fuels catalysis is a promising route to efficiently harvesting, storing, and utilizing abundant solar energy. To achieve this promise, however, molecular systems must be designed with sustainable components that can balance numerous photophysical and chemical processes. To that end, we report on the structural and photophysical characterization of a series of Cu(I)-anthraquinone-based electron donor-acceptor dyads. The dyads utilized a heteroleptic Cu(I) bis-diimine architecture with a copper(I) bis-phenanthroline chromophore donor and anthraquinone electron acceptor. We characterized the structures of the complexes using x-ray crystallography and density functional theory calculations and the photophysical properties via resonance Raman and optical transient absorption spectroscopy. The calculations and resonance Raman spectroscopy revealed that excitation of the Cu(I) metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transition transfers the electron to a delocalized ligand orbital. The optical transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that each dyad formed the oxidized copper-reduced anthraquinone charge-separated state. Unlike most Cu(I) bis-phenanthroline complexes where increasingly bulky substituents on the phenanthroline ligands lead to longer MLCT excited-state lifetimes, here, we observe a decrease in the long-lived charge-separated state lifetime with increasing steric bulk. The charge-separated state lifetimes were best explained in the context of electron-transfer theory rather than with the energy gap law, which is typical for MLCT excited states, despite the complete conjugation between the phenanthroline and anthraquinone moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Phelan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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4
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Ryland ES, Liu X, Kumar G, Raj SL, Xie ZL, Mengele AK, Fauth SS, Siewerth K, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Rau S, Mulfort KL, Li X, Cordones AA. Site-specific electronic structure of covalently linked bimetallic dyads from nitrogen K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:084307. [PMID: 38415835 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A nitrogen K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) survey is presented for tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3″,2″-h:2‴,3‴-j]phenazine (tpphz)-bridged bimetallic assemblies that couple chromophore and catalyst transition metal complexes for light driven catalysis, as well as their individual molecular constituents. We demonstrate the high N site sensitivity of the N pre-edge XANES features, which are energetically well-separated for the phenazine bridge N atoms and for the individual metal-bound N atoms of the inner coordination sphere ligands. By comparison with the time-dependent density functional theory calculated spectra, we determine the origins of these distinguishable spectral features. We find that metal coordination generates large shifts toward higher energy for the metal-bound N atoms, with increasing shift for 3d < 4d < 5d metal bonding. This is attributed to increasing ligand-to-metal σ donation that increases the effective charge of the bound N atoms and stabilizes the N 1s core electrons. In contrast, the phenazine bridge N pre-edge peak is found at a lower energy due to stabilization of the low energy electron accepting orbital localized on the phenazine motif. While no sensitivity to ground state electronic coupling between the individual molecular subunits was observed, the spectra are sensitive to structural distortions of the tpphz bridge. These results demonstrate N K-edge XANES as a local probe of electronic structure in large bridging ligand motifs, able to distinctly investigate the ligand-centered orbitals involved in metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-ligand electron transfer following light absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Ryland
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sumana L Raj
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven S Fauth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Siewerth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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5
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Garratt D, Matthews M, Marangos J. Toward ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of organic photovoltaic devices. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:010901. [PMID: 38250136 PMCID: PMC10799687 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel ultrafast x-ray sources based on high harmonic generation and at x-ray free electron lasers are opening up new opportunities to resolve complex ultrafast processes in condensed phase systems with exceptional temporal resolution and atomic site specificity. In this perspective, we present techniques for resolving charge localization, transfer, and separation processes in organic semiconductors and organic photovoltaic devices with time-resolved soft x-ray spectroscopy. We review recent results in ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of these systems and discuss routes to overcome the technical challenges in performing time-resolved x-ray experiments on photosensitive materials with poor thermal conductivity and low pump intensity thresholds for nonlinear effects.
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Wu GY, Zhu HM, Li H, Zhang K, Zhang X, Yan D, Zhang XD, Lin L, Lu Z. The impact of aggregation of AIE and ACQ moiety-integrating material on the excited state dynamics. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33911-33917. [PMID: 38020029 PMCID: PMC10658659 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the properties of aggregate materials is highly interesting because the process of aggregation can result in the disappearance of original properties and the emergence of new ones. Here, a novel fluorescent material (TPEIP), which synergistically combines aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) moieties, was first synthesized by the cyclization reaction of 2,3-diamino-phenazine with 4-tetraphenylenthenealdehyde. We controlled the degree of aggregation of TPEIP to shed light on the impact of the aggregation on the excited state dynamics. TPEIP aggregation realized control over the Intersystem Crossing (ISC) rates and, in turn, the suppression of triplet excited states in MeOH, EtOH or via the simple addition of water to TPEIP solutions in DMSO. From global target analysis, the time scale was 966.2 ps for ISC for TPEIP in DMSO, but it was 860 ps in the case of TPEIP solutions featuring 5% water. The dynamics of TPEIP excited states undergo significant changes as the degree of aggregation increases. Notably, the lifetime of singlet excited states decreases, and there was a gradual diminishment in triplet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yuan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Hui-Min Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Hao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Xianyi Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Dong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Xiu-Du Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
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7
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Nasseri F, Nasseri MA, Kassaee MZ, Yavari I. Synergistic performance of a new bimetallic complex supported on magnetic nanoparticles for Sonogashira and C-N coupling reactions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18153. [PMID: 37875534 PMCID: PMC10598020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of a novel Cu-Ni bimetallic system comprising of magnetic nanoparticles, as the core, and 4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole (4-ABPT), as a conjugated bridge, between nickel and copper species. With low Cu and Ni loading (0.06 mol% Ni, 0.08 mol% Cu), the resulting Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni showed to be a highly efficient catalyst for the Sonogashira and C-N cross-coupling reactions. The developed catalyst was well characterized by FT-IR, XRD, EDX-mapping, FE-SEM, TEM, ICP, VSM, TGA/DTG/DTA, LSV, and XPS techniques. Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni nanocatalyst was compatible with a wide range of amines and aryl halides in the Sonogashira and C-N cross-coupling reactions and offered desired coupling products in high to excellent yields under palladium- and solvent-free conditions. Based on the XPS results, the 4-ABPT ligand can adjust electron transfer between Ni and Cu in Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni, promoting the formation and stabilization of Cu+ and Ni3+ species. Electronic interactions and the synergistic effect between these metals increased the selectivity and activity of Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni catalyst in the Sonogashira and C-N cross-coupling reactions compared with its monometallic counterparts. Additionally, the magnetic properties of Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni facilitated its separation from the reaction mixture, promoting its reuse for several times with no significant loss in its catalytic activity or performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasseri
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-175, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P.O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nasseri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P.O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Zaman Kassaee
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-175, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Wang L, Xie ZL, Li X, Lynch VM, Mulfort KL. Optical detection of alcohols with a Cu(I)HETPHEN complex by reversible aldehyde to hemiacetal conversion. Analyst 2023; 148:4274-4278. [PMID: 37615298 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01005h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
A heteroleptic copper(I) bis(phenanthroline) complex with aldehyde groups at the 4,7 positions of the phenanthroline ligand was synthesized. The complex is responsive to alcohol, resulting in a distinct colour change caused by the facile reaction of the aldehyde group with alcohol, forming a hemiacetal product. The aldehyde species can be regenerated after heating the intermediate at 80 °C for 10 minutes, demonstrating the reusability of the complex for alcohol detection. This work presents a new strategy for applying transition metal complexes in small molecule sensing by installing functional groups in the secondary coordination sphere which reversibly react with analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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9
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Wang L, Xie ZL, Phelan BT, Lynch VM, Chen LX, Mulfort KL. Changing Directions: Influence of Ligand Electronics on the Directionality and Kinetics of Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Cu(I)Diimine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14368-14376. [PMID: 37620247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge to the effective utilization of solar energy is to promote efficient photoinduced charge transfer, specifically avoiding unproductive, circuitous electron-transfer pathways and optimizing the kinetics of charge separation and recombination. We hypothesize that one way to address this challenge is to develop a fundamental understanding of how to initiate and control directional photoinduced charge transfer, particularly for earth-abundant first-row transition-metal coordination complexes, which typically suffer from relatively short excited-state lifetimes. Here, we report a series of functionalized heteroleptic copper(I)bis(phenanthroline) complexes, which have allowed us to investigate the directionality of intramolecular photoinduced metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) as a function of the substituent Hammett parameter. Ultrafast transient absorption suggests a complicated interplay of MLCT localization and solvent interaction with the Cu(II) center of the MLCT state. This work provides a set of design principles for directional charge transfer in earth-abundant complexes and can be used to efficiently design pathways for connecting the molecular modules to catalysts or electrodes and integration into systems for light-driven catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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10
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Sension RJ, McClain TP, Lamb RM, Alonso-Mori R, Lima FA, Ardana-Lamas F, Biednov M, Chollet M, Chung T, Deb A, Dewan PA, Gee LB, Huang Ze En J, Jiang Y, Khakhulin D, Li J, Michocki LB, Miller NA, Otte F, Uemura Y, van Driel TB, Penner-Hahn JE. Watching Excited State Dynamics with Optical and X-ray Probes: The Excited State Dynamics of Aquocobalamin and Hydroxocobalamin. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37327324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption (XANES) at the Co K-edge, X-ray emission (XES) in the Co Kβ and valence-to-core regions, and broadband UV-vis transient absorption are combined to probe the femtosecond to picosecond sequential atomic and electronic dynamics following photoexcitation of two vitamin B12 compounds, hydroxocobalamin and aquocobalamin. Polarized XANES difference spectra allow identification of sequential structural evolution involving first the equatorial and then the axial ligands, with the latter showing rapid coherent bond elongation to the outer turning point of the excited state potential followed by recoil to a relaxed excited state structure. Time-resolved XES, especially in the valence-to-core region, along with polarized optical transient absorption suggests that the recoil results in the formation of a metal-centered excited state with a lifetime of 2-5 ps. This combination of methods provides a uniquely powerful tool to probe the electronic and structural dynamics of photoactive transition-metal complexes and will be applicable to a wide variety of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne J Sension
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States
| | - Taylor P McClain
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Ryan M Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Frederico Alves Lima
- Femtosecond X-ray Experiments Group, European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Fernando Ardana-Lamas
- Femtosecond X-ray Experiments Group, European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Mykola Biednov
- Femtosecond X-ray Experiments Group, European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Taewon Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Aniruddha Deb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Paul A Dewan
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Leland B Gee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Joel Huang Ze En
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Femtosecond X-ray Experiments Group, European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Dmitry Khakhulin
- Femtosecond X-ray Experiments Group, European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jianhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Lindsay B Michocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Nicholas A Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Florian Otte
- Femtosecond X-ray Experiments Group, European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Yohei Uemura
- Femtosecond X-ray Experiments Group, European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Tim B van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - James E Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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11
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Marin K, Huang M, Evangelista FA. Signatures of diradicals in x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2882842. [PMID: 37094006 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Theoretical simulations are critical to analyze and interpret the x-ray absorption spectrum of transient open-shell species. In this work, we propose a model of the many-body core-excited states of symmetric diradicals. We apply this model to analyze the carbon K-edge transitions of o-, m-, and p-benzyne, three organic diradicals with diverse and unusual electronic structures. The predictions of our model are compared with high-level multireference computations of the K-edge spectrum of the benzynes obtained with the driven similarity renormalization group truncated to third order. Our model shows the importance of a many-body treatment of the core-excited states of the benzynes and provides a theoretical framework to understand which properties of the ground state of these diradicals can be extracted from their x-ray spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Marin
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Francesco A Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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12
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Liu X, Hayes D, Chen LX, Li X. Bridge-Mediated Metal-to-Metal Electron and Hole Transfer in a Supermolecular Dinuclear Complex: A Computational Study Using Quantum Electron-Nuclear Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1831-1838. [PMID: 36800527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic electron donor-acceptor complexes can facilitate electron and energy transfer with excellent structural control through synthetic design. In this work, we investigate the photochemical dynamics in a Ru-Cu bimetallic complex after photoexcitation of the Ru-centered charge transfer state. The physical underpinnings of the metal-to-metal directional charge transfer process are unraveled via analyses of the quantum electronic dynamics and electron-nuclear trajectories. The effects of molecular vibrations in the photoexcited state on the charge transfer processes are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dugan Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Dai W, Yu S, Kong C, Zhao D, He C, Liu Z, Dong J, Liu JJ, Cheng F. Effect of electronic structure of energy transfer in bimetallic Ru(II)/Os(II) complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:990-999. [PMID: 36601979 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03709b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel monometallic (μ-LL')Ru, Ru(μ-LL'), homobimetallic Ru(μ-LL')Ru, and heterodimetallic Ru(μ-LL')Os and Os(μ-LL')Ru complexes based on two asymmetrical ligands LL' (where LL' = L1L1', L2L2') have been synthesized and characterized. Spectroscopic analysis indicates that all complexes exhibit intense spin-allowed ligand-centered (LC) transitions at 288 nm and Ru-based moderate spin-allowed MLCT absorption between 440-450 nm. The Ru(μ-LL')Os and Os(μ-LL')Ru dinuclear complexes show Os-based unit absorption in the range of 565-583 nm. The Ru-based units of the complexes present different emission intensities due to differing steric hindrance at the coordination sites of the two bridging ligands. The Os(μ-LL')Ru dinuclear complexes present weaker emission intensity than their parent monometallic complexes (μ-LL')Ru. These results indicate that the emission of Os(μ-LL')Ru dinuclear complexes is quenched by the Os(II)-based units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Dai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Shiwen Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Ci Kong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Defang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Chixian He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Zining Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Jianwei Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Feixiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
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Leahy CA, Vura-Weis J. Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of an Iridium Photocatalyst Reveals Oxidation State and Ligand Field Specific Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9510-9518. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare A. Leahy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Josh Vura-Weis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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