1
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Gao G, Liang PY, Jin N, Zhao ZB, Tian XC, Xie D, Tu CZ, Zhang HR, Zhou PP, Yang Z. Mechanism and origin of enantioselectivity for organocatalyzed asymmetric heteroannulation of alkynes in the construction of axially chiral C2-arylquinoline. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7500-7517. [PMID: 39189805 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Axially chiral C2-arylquinoline has been successfully constructed via asymmetric heteroannulation of alkynes catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid with high yield and high enantioselectivity. Inspired by this intriguing work, theoretical calculations have been carried out, and the detailed reaction mechanism has been elaborated, in which the whole reaction can be divided into steps including hydrogen transfer, C-N bonding, annulation reaction and the final dehydration processes. The initial hydrogen-transfer reaction has two possible pathways, while the subsequent C-N bonding process has eight possible pathways. Then, after the annulation reaction and the final dehydration processes, the major product and byproduct were formed. QTAIM and IGMH analyses were used to illustrate the role of weak intermolecular interactions in the catalytic process, and the distortion/interaction and EDA analyses provided a deeper understanding of the origin of enantioselectivity. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental results. This work would provide valuable insights into asymmetric reactions catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Peng-Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Nengzhi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Computing of Gansu Province, Gansu Computing Center, 42 Qingyang Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Cheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Chi-Zhou Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, Advanced Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100050, P. R. China.
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2
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Xu WL, Zhang RX, Wang H, Chen J, Zhou L. Helicoselective Synthesis of Indolohelicenoids through Organocatalytic Central-to-Helical Chirality Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318021. [PMID: 38196108 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We report the helicoselective and convergent construction of indolohelicenoids with excellent efficiency and stereocontrol. This reaction proceeds through a chiral-phosphoric-acid-catalyzed enantioselective cycloaddition and eliminative aromatization sequence, which can be finely controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature. Mechanistic studies reveal that the chiral phosphoric acid cooperatively serves as both a bifunctional and Brønsted acid catalyst, enabling one-pot central-to-helical chirality conversion. Additionally, the optical properties of the synthesized indolohelicenoids were characterized to explore their potential applications in organic photoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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3
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Wang JY, Gao CH, Ma C, Wu XY, Ni SF, Tan W, Shi F. Design and Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Furan-Indole Compounds Bearing both Axial and Central Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316454. [PMID: 38155472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In the chemistry community, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of furan-based compounds bearing both axial and central chirality has proven to be a significant but challenging issue owing to the importance and difficulty in constructing such frameworks. In this work, we have realized the first catalytic asymmetric synthesis of five-five-membered furan-based compounds bearing both axial and central chirality via organocatalytic asymmetric (2+4) annulation of achiral furan-indoles with 2,3-indolyldimethanols with uncommon regioselectivity. By this strategy, furan-indole compounds bearing both axial and central chirality were synthesized in high yields with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. Moreover, theoretical calculations were conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the reaction pathway, activation mode, and the origin of the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Cong-Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wei Tan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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4
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Cai WY, Ding QN, Zhou L, Chen J. Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Molecules via Organocatalytic Cycloaddition and Cyclization Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:4306. [PMID: 37298781 PMCID: PMC10254363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atropisomeric molecules are present in many natural products, biologically active compounds, chiral ligands and catalysts. Many elegant methodologies have been developed to access axially chiral molecules. Among them, organocatalytic cycloaddition and cyclization have attracted much attention because they have been widely used in the asymmetric synthesis of biaryl/heterobiaryls atropisomers via construction of carbo- and hetero-cycles. This strategy has undoubtedly become and will continue to be a hot topic in the field of asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. This review aims to highlight the recent advancements in this field of atropisomer synthesis by using different organocatalysts in cycloaddition and cyclization strategies. The construction of each atropisomer, its possible mechanism, the role of catalysts, and its potential applications are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (W.-Y.C.); (Q.-N.D.)
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (W.-Y.C.); (Q.-N.D.)
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5
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Chen ZH, Li TZ, Wang NY, Ma XF, Ni SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N,N'-Bisindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300419. [PMID: 36749711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study establishes the first organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles via chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed formal (3+2) cycloadditions of indole-based enaminones as novel platform molecules with 2,3-diketoesters, where de novo indole-ring formation is involved. Using this new strategy, various axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles were synthesized in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 87 % yield and 96 % ee). More importantly, this class of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles exhibited some degree of cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and was derived into axially chiral phosphine ligands with high catalytic activity. This study provides a new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles using asymmetric organocatalysis and is the first to realize the applications of such scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Han Chen
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Tian-Zhen Li
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ning-Yi Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
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6
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Zhang X, Liu YZ, Shao H, Ma X. Advances in Atroposelectively De Novo Synthesis of Axially Chiral Heterobiaryl Scaffolds. Molecules 2022; 27:8517. [PMID: 36500610 PMCID: PMC9739056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Axially chiral heterobiaryl frameworks are privileged structures in many natural products, pharmaceutically active molecules, and chiral ligands. Therefore, a variety of approaches for constructing these skeletons have been developed. Among them, de novo synthesis, due to its highly convergent and superior atom economy, serves as a promising strategy to access these challenging scaffolds including C-N, C-C, and N-N chiral axes. So far, several elegant reviews on the synthesis of axially chiral heterobiaryl skeletons have been disclosed, however, atroposelective construction of the heterobiaryl subunits by de novo synthesis was rarely covered. Herein, we summarized the recent advances in the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the axially chiral heterobiaryl scaffold via de novo synthetic strategies. The related mechanism, scope, and applications were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Zhang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing University Fu Ling Hospital, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Liu
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huawu Shao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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Wang HQ, Wu SF, Yang JR, Zhang YC, Shi F. Design and Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolyl-Pyrroloindoles Bearing Both Axial and Central Chirality. J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qing Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jun-Ru Yang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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8
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Xiang Alvin Tan C, Li R, Zhang F, Dai L, Ullah N, Lu Y. Synthesis of Axially Chiral CF
3
‐Substituted 2‐Arylpyrroles by Sequential Phosphine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [3+2] Annulation and Oxidative Central‐to‐Axial Chirality Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209494. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xiang Alvin Tan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Integrative Sciences & Engineering Programme (ISEP) National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
| | - Fuhao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Integrative Sciences & Engineering Programme (ISEP) National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
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9
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Wei J, Tang Y, Yang Q, Li H, He D, Cai Y. Asymmetric Ketoalkylation/Rearrangement of Alkyenlfurans via Synergistic Photoredox/Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7928-7933. [PMID: 36269030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective three-component rearrangement of alkenylfurans with various cycloalkyl silyl peroxides and anilines has been developed by merging photoredox catalysis with chiral Brønsted acid catalysis. This protocol provides expedient access to a broad spectrum of ketoalkyl-functionalized 4-aminocyclopentenones in high yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Diverse functional groups can be introduced via facile product derivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yurong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dongxian He
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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10
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Gou B, Tang Y, Lin Y, Yu L, Jian Q, Sun H, Chen J, Zhou L. Modular Construction of Heterobiaryl Atropisomers and Axially Chiral Styrenes via All‐Carbon Tetrasubstituted VQMs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208174. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Bo Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Song Jian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Huai‐Ri Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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11
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Zhang HH, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Bearing Axial Chirality: Strategies and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2562-2580. [PMID: 36053083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic atroposelective syntheses of axially chiral compounds have stimulated extensive interest in multiple communities, such as synthetic chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science, because of the intriguing characteristics of atropisomerism. In particular, atropisomeric indole derivatives, which contain a kind of five-membered heterocyclic framework, are widely distributed in a number of natural alkaloids, biologically relevant compounds, chiral ligands, and chiral organocatalysts. Hence, the catalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality is of considerable importance and has become an emerging focus of research. However, there are substantial challenges associated with the atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives, including remote ortho-substituents around the chiral axis, a lower barrier for rotation, and a weaker configurational stability than that of atropisomeric six-membered biaryls. Therefore, the development of effective strategies toward the catalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives has become an urgent task.In order to tackle these challenges and to accomplish the task, our group devised a unique strategy of designing indole-derived platform molecules and developing organocatalytic enantioselective transformations of such platform molecules to synthesize atropisomeric indole derivatives; asymmetric organocatalysis has tremendous advantages and was the research area recognized by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2021. This Account summarizes our endeavors in the organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality. In brief, we devised and developed a series of indole-derived platform molecules, such as indolylmethanols, (hetero)aryl indoles, oxindole-based styrenes, N-aminoindoles, and indole-based homophthalic anhydrides, by introducing different functional groups onto the indole ring to achieve new reactivity and modulate the reactive site of the indole ring. As a result, these indole-derived platform molecules possess versatile and unique reactivity and are capable of undergoing a variety of organocatalytic enantioselective transformations for preparing structurally diversified indole derivatives with axial chirality.We used these strategies to accomplish the atroposelective synthesis of plenty of indole derivatives with axial chirality, including (hetero)aryl indoles, alkene-indoles, oxindole-based styrenes, N-pyrrolylindoles, and isochromenone-indoles. In addition, we gave a thorough and detailed understanding of the designed reaction by investigating the reaction pathway and activation mode. More importantly, we studied the biological activity of some products and performed catalyst design on the basis of atropisomeric indole moieties, which are helpful for disclosing more applications of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality.In the future, the organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality will indubitably remain a frontier topic in the research area of asymmetric catalysis and chiral indole chemistry despite challenging issues, for instance, the atroposelective synthesis of novel indole derivatives bearing an unconventional chiral axis, the development of atropisomeric indole derivatives into powerful catalysts or ligands, and the discovery of atroposelective indole derivatives as potent drug candidates. We hope our efforts summarized in this Account will encourage chemists worldwide to devise innovative strategies toward solving the challenging issues that remain in this field, thus promoting its development to a higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road No. 21, Wujin District, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road No. 21, Wujin District, Changzhou 213164, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road No. 101, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, China
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12
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Hang QQ, Wu SF, Yang S, Wang X, Zhong Z, Zhang YC, Shi F. Design and catalytic atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral isochromenone-indoles. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Gao HJ, Miao YH, Jia SK, Li N, Xu LP, Wang W, Wang MC, Mei GJ. Azo group-enabled metal- and oxidant-free alkenyl C–H thiolation: Access to stereodefined tetrasubstituted acyclic olefins. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Gou BB, Tang Y, Lin YH, Yu L, Jian QS, Sun HR, Chen J, Zhou L. Modular Construction of Heterobiaryl Atropisomers and Axially Chiral Styrenes via All‐Carbon Tetrasubstituted VQMs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Gou
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Yue Tang
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Yan-Hong Lin
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Le Yu
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Qing-Song Jian
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Huai-Ri Sun
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Jie Chen
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science 1 Xuefu Ave., Chang’an District 710127 Xi'an CHINA
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15
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Sharif A, Sun HR, Xu WL, Gou BB, Yang L, Li Y, Chen J, Zhou L. A Dehydrogenative Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction for the Synthesis of Functionalized Pyranones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4316-4321. [PMID: 35699407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient dehydrogenative inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction of isopropyl and prenyl benzene derivatives with electron-deficient dienes followed by decarboxylation has been reported for the first time. The much broader substrate scope of dienophiles and electron-deficient dienes led to biologically valuable pyranones in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Sharif
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Huai-Ri Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Bo Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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16
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Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral 3,3'‐Bisindoles by Direct Coupling of Indole Rings. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Chen KW, Chen ZH, Yang S, Wu SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N-N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116829. [PMID: 35080808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first highly atroposelective construction of N-N axially chiral indole scaffolds was established via a new strategy of de novo ring formation. This strategy makes use of the organocatalytic asymmetric Paal-Knorr reaction of well-designed N-aminoindoles with 1,4-diketones, thus affording N-pyrrolylindoles in high yields and with excellent atroposelectivities (up to 98 % yield, 96 % ee). In addition, this strategy is applicable for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral bispyrroles (up to 98 % yield, 97 % ee). More importantly, such N-N axially chiral heterocycles can be converted into chiral organocatalysts with applications in asymmetric catalysis, and some molecules display potent anticancer activity. This work not only provides a new strategy for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral molecules but also offers new members of the N-N atropisomer family with promising applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhi-Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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18
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Organocatalytic dynamic kinetic resolution of N-arylindole lactams: atroposelective construction of axially chiral amino acids bearing a C-N chiral axis. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Song X, Fan Y, Zhu Z, Ni Q. Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation of Indolizines: Atroposelective Access to Axially Chiral 3-Arylindolizines. Org Lett 2022; 24:2315-2320. [PMID: 35297627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a highly straightforward strategy for the synthesis of a new axially chiral 3-arylindolizine scaffold via organocatalytic asymmetric arylation reactions of indolizines and p-quinone esters. Using the chiral phosphoric acid catalyst, a series of axially chiral 3-arylindolizines were accessed in good to excellent yields and atropo-enantioselectivities. This approach features a broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, good scalability, and facile derivatization. Moreover, preliminary investigations based on nonlinear effects and a thermal racemization study demonstrated the intrinsic pathway for the formation of axial chirality and its potential utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Qijian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
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20
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Chen K, Chen Z, Yang S, Wu S, Zhang Y, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N−N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke‐Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Zhi‐Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shu‐Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yu‐Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
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21
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Organocatalytic cycloaddition of alkynylindoles with azonaphthalenes for atroposelective construction of indole-based biaryls. Nat Commun 2022; 13:632. [PMID: 35110529 PMCID: PMC8810779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The axially chiral indole-aryl motifs are present in natural products and biologically active compounds as well as in chiral ligands. Atroposelective indole formation is an efficient method to construct indole-based biaryls. We report herein the result of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of 3-alkynylindoles with azonaphthalenes. A class of indole-based biaryls were prepared efficiently with excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield, 99% ee). Control experiment and DFT calculations illustrate a possible mechanism in which the reaction proceeds via a dearomatization of indole to generate an allene-iminium intermediate, followed by an intramolecular aza-Michael addition. This approach provides a convergent synthetic strategy for enantioselective construction of axially chiral heterobiaryl backbones. There is great interest in methods for catalytic enantioselective construction of axially chiral compounds found in natural products. Here, the authors develop a cycloaddition strategy for atroposelective construction of indole-based biaryls via chiral phosphoric acid-catalysed cycloaddition.
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22
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Min XL, Zhang XL, Shen R, Zhang Q, He Y. Recent advances in the catalytic asymmetric construction of atropisomers by central-to-axial chirality transfer. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01699g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We highlighted the recent advances in the field of central-to-axial chirality transfer for the synthesis of axially chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Min
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiu-Lian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rui Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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23
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Yang H, Xu WL, Zeng XY, Chen J, Yu L, Zhou L. Hydrogen Bond Assisted Central-to-Spiro Chirality Transfer and Central-to-Axial Chirality Conversion: Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirocycles. Org Lett 2021; 23:9315-9320. [PMID: 34779205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric construction of chiral spiroenones bearing both axial and spiro-central chirality has been established for the first time by a central-to-spiro chirality transfer and a central-to-axial chirality conversion from chiral 2,3-diarylbenzoindolines. Mechanistic studies indicate the hydrogen bonds play important roles in this process, providing an efficient strategy for enantioselective construction of spirocyclic backbones via simultaneously controlling spiro-central and axial chirality in one operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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