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Phulwale V, Shet H, Gunturu KC, Rout SR, Dandela R, Adhav S, Kapdi AR. Cu(II)/PTABS-Promoted, Chemoselective Amination of HaloPyrimidines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9243-9254. [PMID: 38878304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemoselective amination is a highly desired synthetic methodology, given its importance as a possible strategy to synthesize various drug molecules and agrochemicals. We, herein, disclose a highly chemoselective Cu(II)-PTABS-promoted amination of pyrimidine structural feature containing different halogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Phulwale
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Harshita Shet
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - Smruti Rekha Rout
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus , Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus , Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Suyog Adhav
- BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No 12, Thane Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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2
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Zhang XX, Wang PK, Zhang SL. Synthesis of ɑ-Aryl-oxindoles via Grignard Reaction with Isatin in the Presence of Diphenyl Phosphite. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400297. [PMID: 38700937 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
A protocol has been developed for the synthesis of α-aryl-oxindoles from isatin and Grignard reagents in the presence of diphenyl phosphite for the first time. This reaction was conveniently carried out under mild conditions in a one-pot fashion with moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin X Zhang
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research Building A, 388 Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Pengkai K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
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3
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Gu C, So CM. Regio- and Chemoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Additive-Free Direct C─H Functionalization of Heterocycles with Chloroaryl Triflates Using Pyrazole-Alkyl Phosphine Ligands. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309192. [PMID: 38482750 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of new pyrazole-alkyl phosphine ligands with varying cycloalkyl ring sizes that enable additive-free regio- and chemoselective C─H arylation of heterocycles are reported. Excellent α/β selectivity of various heterocycles such as benzo[b]thiophene, thiophene, furan, benzofuran, and thiazole can be achieved using these ligands, along with excellent chemoselectivity of C─Cl over C─OTf of chloroaryl triflates. Mechanistic studies supported by both experimental findings and density functional theory calculations indicate that the pyrazole phosphine ligands with optimal ring sizes allow the reaction to proceed with a lower energy barrier via a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
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4
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Abe M, Mizukami A, Yoshida E, Kimachi T, Inamoto K. Chlorobenzene-driven palladium-catalysed lactonisation of benzoic acids. RSC Adv 2024; 14:808-811. [PMID: 38174227 PMCID: PMC10759164 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we developed a palladium-catalysed C-H cyclisation of benzoic acids in chlorobenzene without additional oxidants. The key to the success of these reactions is the use of chlorobenzene, which serves a dual role as a solvent and an oxidant, thus providing a simple and efficient method for synthesising phthalides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Abe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8179 Japan
| | - Akiho Mizukami
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8179 Japan
| | - Emi Yoshida
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8179 Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Kimachi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8179 Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Inamoto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University 11-68, 9-Bancho, Koshien Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8179 Japan
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5
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Wang M, Pang WH, Yuen OY, Ng SS, So CM. Palladium-Catalyzed Deuterodehalogenation of Halogenated Aryl Triflates Using Isopropanol- d8 as the Deuterium Source. Org Lett 2023; 25:8429-8433. [PMID: 37975627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel and efficient Pd-catalyzed chemoselective deuterodehalogenation reaction of halogenated aryl triflates was developed using isopropanol-d8 as the deuterium source. This chemoselective reaction afforded an unconventional chemoselectivity order of C-Br > C-Cl > C-OTf. This catalytic system was successfully applied to chemoselective hydrodehalogenation of chloroaryl triflates, providing excellent C-Cl chemoselectivity over C-OTf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Hang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - On Ying Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shan Shan Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
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Reusser E, Albrecht M. Electronically flexible PYA ligands for efficient palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of ketones. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16688-16697. [PMID: 37882141 PMCID: PMC10660196 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry and in particular ketone α-arylation has been relying on a rather narrow range of supporting ligands with almost no alternatives to phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes. Here we introduce a class of well-defined palladium(II) complexes supported by N,N'-chelating and electronically flexible pyridylidene amide (PYA)-pyridyl ligands as catalysts for efficient α-arylation of ketones. Steric and electronic variations of the N,N'-bidentate ligand indicate that the introduction of an ortho-methyl group on the pyridinum heterocycle of the PYA ligand enhances the arylation rate and prevents catalyst deactivation, reaching turnover numbers up to 7300 and turnover frequencies of almost 10 000 h-1, which is similar to that of the best phosphine complexes known to date. Introducing a shielding xylyl substituent accelerates catalysis further, however at the expense of lower selectivity towards arylated ketones. Substrate scope investigations revealed that both electron-rich and -poor aryl bromides as well as a broad range of electronically and sterically modified ketones are efficiently converted, including aliphatic ketones. Mechanistic investigations using Hammett and Eyring analyses indicated that both, oxidative addition and reductive elimination are relatively fast, presumably as a consequence of the electronic flexibility of the PYA ligand, while enolate coordination was identified as the turnover-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esaïe Reusser
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Xie T, Hu G, Zhang S, Xu T, Zeng F. Palladium/Lewis Acid Co-catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of (2-Aminoaryl)(aryl)methanols: An Access to 3-Aryl-indolin-2-ones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12367-12375. [PMID: 37590397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A benign approach to valuable 3-aryl-indolin-2-ones was developed based on palladium(II)/Lewis acid-cocatalyzed cyclocarbonylation of readily available (2-aminoaryl)(aryl)methanols. The protocol features producing water as the only byproduct, mild reaction conditions, and good efficiency, constituting an array of 3-arylindolin-2-ones in yields of 35 to 90%. The reaction can be easily scaled up to the gram scale in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Gendan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Zhang
- State Energy Key Laboratory of Clean Coal Grading Conversion, Modern Chemical Technology Department, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Rank Coal Pyrolysis, Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Company Limited, Xi'an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Tongyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Fanlong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
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Tse MH, Choy PY, Kwong FY. Facile Assembly of Modular-Type Phosphines for Tackling Modern Arylation Processes. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3688-3705. [PMID: 36472355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This Account presents an overview of a promising collection of phosphine ligands simply made from the modular Fischer indolization process and their applications in modern arylation processes. Using one easily accessible 2-arylindole scaffold, three major phosphino-moiety-positioned ligand series can be readily generated. We have attempted to explore challenging electrophilic and nucleophilic partners for the coupling reaction using the modular ligand tool. For the electrophilic partner study, CM-phos-type ligands, where the phosphino group is located at the 2-arene position of 2-arylindole, allow the successful cross-coupling of aryl mesylates. The CM-phos ligand forms a palladacycle before entering the cross-coupling catalytic cycle. For the nucleophilic partner investigation, the indole C3-positioned phosphines show the first accomplishment of Pd-catalyzed organotitanium nucleophile arylation. Indeed, the aryl-titanium nucleophile undergoes cross-coupling more efficiently than does the organoboron coupling partner in particular cases. Moreover, in the indole C3-positioned phosphine series, the -PPh2-containing ligands perform better in the highly sterically hindered cross-coupling of aryl chlorides than do ligands containing the -PCy2 moiety. The catalyst loading can even be reduced to 0.2 mol % Pd for tetra-ortho-substituted biaryl synthesis. This finding offers a new perspective on the next-generation design of phosphine ligands in which the sterically bulky and electron-rich -PR2 group (R = alkyl) may not be necessary for the cross-coupling of aryl chlorides. In general, we hypothesize that a good balance of steric and electronic properties for entertaining the oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps is crucial to the success of the reaction. For the steric factor, the highly sterically congested -PR2 group normally favors the reductive elimination, yet we conjecture that this sterically bulky group would serve as an obstacle for the incoming aryl halides. For the electronic factor, the electron rich -PR2 group is believed to support the oxidative cleavage of the C(Ar)-Cl bond by donating more electron density to the corresponding σ* orbital. Nevertheless, the high electron richness of the -PR2 group may disfavor the reductive elimination electronically. Overall, an appropriate balance of both electron density and steric bulkiness is suggested to allow the sterically hindered cross-coupling to proceed smoothly. We have found that the -PPh2-containing ligand is a good starting point for this investigation. The formation of aromatic carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds from aryl chlorides was successfully realized using our proprietary phosphines.In addition to the indole-core-bearing ligand skeleton, we also explored the relevant imidazolyl and carbazolyl phosphines for their unique applications. Interestingly, the carbazolyl ligand, having more flexible C-N axial chirality, displays particular interchangeable Pd-N and Pd-arene coordination, which facilitates both oxidative addition and reductive elimination processes. Moreover, this C-N axially chiral ligand allows the successful asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura coupling for attaining the most sterically hindered tetra-ortho-substituted biaryls with excellent enantioselectivity. The rationale behind these scientifically interesting findings is presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ho Tse
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China
| | - Pui Ying Choy
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China
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Husen S, Jha P, Singh A, Kumar R. Direct Use of Phosphonium Salts for Alkylation of p-Quinols: Formal α-Arylation of Carbonyls via a 5-Membered Betaine-Type Intermediate. Org Lett 2022; 24:6925-6929. [PMID: 36129805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unlike phosphonium ylides used extensively for C═C bond formation, herein we disclose the direct use of phosphonium salts for site-selective alkylation to p-quinols via a 5-membered betaine-type intermediate. This strategy provides a novel and general approach for the synthesis of α-(m-aminoaryl) esters, amides and ketones under ambient conditions. The reaction proceeds through in situ generation of P-ylide, alkylation and aromatization. Reaction is highly compatible with diverse functional phosphonium salts and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Husen
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyankar Jha
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Akansha Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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